Is there a large population in Eryuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province?

Population density: 1 1 1 person /km2.

Zibihu

Zibihu

Dali geothermal prefecture

eryuan xian

Eryuan County is located in the north of Dali, the source of Erhai Lake. With a land area of 2,875 square kilometers, it is a minority county where 23 ethnic groups such as Bai, Yi, Hui, Dai and Lisu live together, with a total population of 320,400 at the end of 1999. Eryuan is blessed with natural resources and is known as "the land of plenty, the land of plums, the land of cows, the land of hot springs and the land of orchids". It is a rich and beautiful place, and is also famous for its splendid culture and quaint and magical human landscape.

general situation

Eryuan, with its charming scenery, is an important part of Cangshan Erhai National Scenic Area in Dali. Yunnan-Tibet Highway and Dali Highway pass through the territory, and the tourist attractions in the county are concentrated and contiguous, forming a pattern of all-round three-dimensional development of the ground, hot water and cold water, lakes and mountains, scenic spots and historical sites and ethnic customs. There are abundant geothermal resources here, with an annual output of 3.08 million cubic meters of warm water at 38-78℃. Building materials resources are of high quality, especially first-class beige and pink marble. Eryuan County explored and summed up a road of coordinated development of flue-cured tobacco, fruits, dairy animals, aquatic products, garlic, biological resources, tourism and other industries in line with the county conditions, and sustained and healthy development of economic construction and various undertakings. Infrastructure construction such as transportation, communication and municipal administration was further strengthened, and the investment environment was improved. The county party committee and the county government have been opening wider to the outside world closely around the overall goal of building a county with strong tourism culture and a strong green economy.

Architectural evolution

Eryuan, from the Western Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, belongs to Yu Ye County. In the first year of Tang Linde (664), Langqiong, Dengbei and Relic were set up in the territory, Langqiong, Luodeng and Shi Lang were set up in six imperial edicts, and Langqiong was Nanzhao. When Dali was founded, Ningbei County, Luodeng County and Yufeng County were successively established. In the seventh year of Yuan Xianzong (1257), there were 2,000 households in Langqiong and An Deyu, which were assigned to Wan Hu House in Dali. In the 11th year of Zhiyuan (1274), Yunnan Province was established, with Dengchuan Prefecture, Linglongqiong County, Yufeng County and Dali Road. Ming cut the county, returned Langqiong, set up Dengchuan County, led Langqiong County, and transferred to Dali Prefecture.

The Qing Dynasty built along the Ming Dynasty. In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Langqiong County was renamed Eryuan County, and Dengchuanfu was renamed Deng Chuan County. The two counties belong to Tunxi Road first, and then to Dali Supervision Department. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Eryuan and Deng Chuan counties belong to Dali area. 65438 to 0956 belong to Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. 1958 10, eryuan, Deng Chuan and Jianchuan counties merged to form Jianchuan county. 196 1 year1October, Jianchuan county was revoked, and the original Eryuan and Deng Chuan counties were merged to be called Eryuan county. From June 5438 to February 2003, the division was adjusted, and Shuanglang and Jiangwei towns were placed under Dali City, and Jiangwei Town was renamed Shangguan Town. June, 5438+October, 2005 10, after the merger of Zibi Township and Yuhu Town, it was called Zibihu Town. By the end of 2006, Eryuan County had jurisdiction over six towns including Zibihu, Deng Chuan, Yousuo, Sanying, Yufeng and Qiaohou, three townships including niujie, Tiejian and Xishan, two communities and 88 village committees.

physical geography

Eryuan County is the birthplace of Erhai Lake, located in the northwest of Yunnan Province, north of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, east of Heqing County, south of Dali City and Yangbi County, west of Yunlong County and north of Jianchuan County. The county covers a total area of 2533 square kilometers. The county seat is located in Chibihu Town, 2060 meters above sea level, 47 1 km away from Kunming, the provincial capital, and 73 km away from Shimonoseki, the state capital. Eryuan belongs to the monsoon climate type of the northern subtropical plateau, with distinct dry and wet seasons, abundant sunshine, "four-sequence constant temperature", three-dimensional climate and obvious regional microclimate. The annual average rainfall is 732 mm, the maximum rainfall 1966 reaches 1 140.5 mm, the minimum rainfall 1958 is only 469.7 mm, and the annual average sunshine is 2061.0 ~ 2,439.4 hours.

The annual average temperature in Eryuan dam area (cold and warm layer) is 65438 03.9℃. In recent 50 years, the extreme maximum temperature appeared on1June 2, 958, reaching 32.0℃, and the extreme minimum temperature appeared on1June 4, 962, reaching -8. 1℃. Frost at the end of February, cold in early April, drought in May-June, flood with continuous rainfall in July-September, low temperature in late August and early September, "dry in one winter", "dry in one spring" and hail in some areas are the main disastrous climate in China. In 2006, the total rainfall in Eryuan area was 547.8 mm, a decrease of 17 1.4 mm and a decrease of 25.6 mm compared with the previous year. The annual average temperature 15.3℃ is higher than that in previous years 1. 1℃. The total sunshine hours in the whole year were 2477.3 hours, 49.4 hours more than in previous years, and 149.5 hours more than in the previous year. The extreme maximum temperature is 29.5℃ and the minimum temperature is -2.6℃. Eryuan County is located at the junction of Hengduan Mountains and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The territory is criss-crossed, mountains overlap, basins and valleys criss-cross, and lakes, ponds, rivers and streams are dotted.

The elevation of the whole county ranges from 1645 meters to 3958.4 meters, with obvious vertical changes and complex landforms. The county territory inclines from northwest to southeast, and three mountain ranges, Maanshan in the east, Luoping Mountain in the middle and Luoping Mountain in the west, run through the whole territory from north to south, forming five plateau basins, namely, Leaking River Canyon in the southeast, Heijiang Canyon in the west and Sanying, Yuhu, Yufeng, Yousuo and Jiangwei in the middle. Hydrology in China is also characterized by diversity. The main rivers are Black River, Yufeng River, Mizi River, Miju River, Yong 'an River and Luoshi River. Natural lakes include Haixi Lake, Zibi Lake, West Lake and East Lake, with 65,438+000 tributaries and 436 mountain streams. Rivers and lakes are divided into three major water systems, namely, Black River, Miju River and Luolou River, which belong to Jinsha River and Lancang River. Nanwu Mountain, a branch of Maanshan in the northeast, is the highest point in China, with an altitude of 3958.4 meters. The lowest point is Wujiaoqing mouth, which is at the western exit of the county seat in the south of Heijiang River, with an altitude of 1645 meters.

Ethnic religion

Eryuan is a multi-ethnic county dominated by Bai people. The world is inhabited by Bai, Han, Yi, Hui, Lisu, Naxi, Dai, Tibetan and other ethnic groups, and the ethnic distribution is mixed and small. According to the results of the fifth census in 2000, there are 27 ethnic groups. At the end of 2006, the population of the county was 275,844, including ethnic minorities187,270, accounting for 67.9% of the total population. The population of Bai nationality is 169759, accounting for 6 1.5% of the total population. 88,574 Han people, accounting for 32.1%of the total population; There are 9338 Yi people, 62 Hui people11Lisu people 1080 people, 404 Tibetans and 20 Naxi people. Eryuan is not only a multi-ethnic county, but also a region where many religions coexist. The eight ethnic groups living in this county all have their own religious beliefs. The existing religions in the territory include local religions, Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism, Christianity and the worship of the Bai people based on local religions. Except Islam, almost every religion is shared by several ethnic groups, and all seven indigenous peoples have preserved their local religions to varying degrees.

Tourist attraction

Eryuan County, located in the hub of Lijiang, Dali and Diqing, is an important part of Dali Scenic Area, a national scenic spot, with good location advantages and diverse tourism resources. There are many scenic spots in China, up to more than 200, which can be divided into West Lake, Zibi Lake, Haixi Sea and Bird Carving Mountain. Purple Lake is as clear as jasper. It is not only famous for its rare plant "purple flower", but also fascinating because of the peculiar "splash tree" in the lake and the scenery of the pear garden at the foot of the purple valley. There are villages and lakes in the West Lake water town, Luwan on Lu 'an and fishing songs on Yanzhu, "_ _ naturally has Jiangnan scenery"; Surrounded by green hills in the West Sea, it is quiet; On the mountain, pine trees hang birds, azaleas bloom, and there are even more wonders of birds paying homage to the phoenix. There are also many strange caves, beautiful forests and springs, and foggy hot springs, such as Meiyuan scattered with snowflakes.

Eryuan has a long history and profound national culture. There are 19 key cultural relics protection units in the county, including 2 at the provincial level, 4 at the national level and 3 at the county level. In the early Tang Dynasty, the main imperial edict was abundant, with Yingzhou Lane, Phoenix Terrace and white manholes. Nanzhao unified the six imperial edicts, and Mrs. Bai Jie led the troops to defend the enemy. Ming Taizu Fu Youde and Yuan Youcheng attacked Foguang Village, and Ming Taizu Wen Jian took refuge in Wolong Cave and cultivated Shilong Temple, leaving many legends and relics. Eryuan is the earliest hometown of party member Stone in Tsinghua campus and an old revolutionary county during the Liberation War. The people of all ethnic groups in Eryuan are hardworking, intelligent, good at singing and dancing, and have created rich and colorful national cultures. Eryuan is a "mythical kingdom", "a place where heavenly daughters sing" and a famous "hometown of white suona". Lakes and mountains, cold water and hot water, numerous cultural landscapes and rich ethnic customs are ideal places for tourism investment, which will attract more tourists. In 2006, there were 2 star-rated hotels in the county, which received 430,000 tourists in the whole year, and the total income of tourism society was 293 million yuan.

Product resources

The diversity of wild animal and plant resources in Eryuan is outstanding. The mountains, subalpines, canyons and basins in the territory are intertwined, with a variety of natural environments from subtropical to alpine cold temperate zones. There are more than 700 species of higher plants above ferns, and the geographical elements of seed plants are complete, including national rare and endangered plants 1 1 species (class I 1 species, class II1species). Among the main forest vegetation types, coniferous forest is the most widely distributed, and there are 43 families, 95 genera and 249 species of common tree species. There are hundreds of kinds of birds.

The line from Luoping Mountain to Diancang Mountain and the vast mountainous areas in the west are important channels for migratory birds to migrate. Among them, the prestigious Diaodiao Mountain is very spectacular when migratory birds move south. There are 22 species of wildlife under special state protection in China, including leopard and black deer. With the reform of forest management system and the implementation of natural forest protection project, the forest coverage rate is rising, and some wildlife population activities that have been extinct for many years have also appeared one after another. There are many kinds of Chinese herbal medicines with large reserves, including more than 860 kinds of plants and 0 kinds of animals/kloc-0. Among the flower resources, there are about 16 genera and 120 species of Orchidaceae, accounting for 10% and 12% of the national total respectively. Eryuan, a famous native orchid with a long history, is a famous "hometown of orchids" in China. There are vast waters in Woye Pingchou in Eryuan dam area, mainly producing rice, broad beans, flue-cured tobacco, rape, garlic and various aquatic products. Early-maturing garlic is favored by domestic and foreign merchants because of its big size, good color, delicious taste and rich vitamins. Garlic cultivation has developed into a rural industry with an output value of hundreds of millions of yuan. Thanks to the pity of irrigation and fishing grounds, Eryuan is a land of plenty. Moreover, it is rich in aquatic plants and feed, and has a long history of dairy farming. It is a famous "hometown of dairy cows" in China. The mountainous area is vast in land and rich in pasture, mainly producing corn, potatoes and miscellaneous grains. The development potential of forest and fruit animal husbandry is huge. Natural conditions such as light, heat, water and soil suitable for plum growth in China are superior, and the fresh plums produced are strong and of good quality. The plum industry connecting planting, processing and sales has risen, and Eryuan has become a veritable "hometown of plums".

Deng Chuan Milk Fan, Yufeng Yantai and other traditional famous products are well-known inside and outside the province, and "Butterfly Spring" sweet milk powder, "Bauer" carved plum, Qingmeishuang and so on have been certified as national green foods. Eryuan is known as the "highland water town" and is rich in water resources. The Heihe River system in the west is one of the main sources of the Lancang River, with an average annual runoff of 638 million cubic meters. The maximum flood in the main stream reaches 1 120 cubic meters per second, with a domestic drop of 375 meters and an average gradient of 6.4‰, which is of great value for hydropower development. The Ami water system in the east consists of six rivers, including Mizi River, Yufeng River, Haiwei River, Miju River, Luoshi River and Yong 'an River, and four lakes connected with them, namely Haixi Lake, Zibi Lake, West Lake and East Lake. Water flows into Erhai Lake in the south, with an average annual runoff of 482 million cubic meters, accounting for 860% of the average annual runoff in Erhai Lake. The county's theoretical hydropower reserves are 207,000 kilowatts, and the hydropower development potential is huge. Eryuan is located in the high temperature and hot water area in western Yunnan, and its geothermal resources are unique. It is a famous "hometown of hot springs". There are nine main geothermal exhibition areas in the territory, including Yuhu, niujie, Sanying, Xiashankou, Chengxi and Wenshui. * * * There are more than 30 natural dew points, the water temperature is 30 ~ 90℃, and the mineral content reaches the standard of medical hot mineral water.

In recent years, hot spring leisure tourism, mainly in Dali geothermal state and Xiashankou hot spring resort, has been heating up and its development efforts have been increasing. Twenty-five kinds of minerals have been discovered in Eryuan, and there are more than 50 known mineral deposits. Metal minerals include gold, silver, lead, antimony, copper, zinc, tungsten, manganese, iron, titanium, magnesium and aluminum. Non-metallic minerals mainly include rock salt, diatomaceous earth, marble, limestone, lignite and peat (grass coal), especially building stone with large reserves and excellent quality. Corn-colored marble and burnt graphite marble have fine stone, bright color, high commodity value and great development value.

Education and health

In 2006, Eryuan County vigorously promoted the strategy of rejuvenating the county through science and education, consolidated the achievements of "two basics" education, coordinated development of basic education and vocational education, and made new progress in education. Modern distance education in primary and secondary schools in the county has been fully implemented, with 3 1790 students enjoying "two exemptions and one subsidy" in the rural compulsory education stage, and the subsidy was reduced or exempted by 6.04 million yuan during the year.

There are 177 schools in the county, including 20 ordinary middle schools, vocational middle schools 1 schools, primary schools 106 schools and 49 kindergartens. The county has primary school staff 1 170, junior high school staff 645, senior high school staff 273, vocational high school staff 50 and county government kindergarten staff 14. There are 9 teachers' further education schools in the county, education administration 10, education bureau and central school, and 77 people. In 2006, the number of applicants for the general college entrance examination in Eryuan County was 1056, and 959 were online, with an online rate of 90.63%, of which the online rate of undergraduates reached 63. 1%. The number of ordinary college entrance examinations in the county jumped to the fourth place in the state, which once again refreshed the historical achievements of the college entrance examination in the county. Eryuan No.2 Middle School and Eryuan Vocational Middle School rank among Quanzhou 10 for the first time. There are 3076 candidates for the senior high school entrance examination, with an average score of 455. 14, and a total score of more than 6001. Among them, 1348 students were admitted to county-level high schools, and 95 students were admitted to provincial and state key high schools. The enrollment rates of primary schools and junior high schools reached 99.2% and 95.85% respectively.

By the end of 2006, there were 16 health care institutions (excluding clinics) in the county, with 5 beds11piece and 436 health technicians. Among them, there are 0/89 medical practitioners, 65 assistant medical practitioners and 0/33 nurses. Every thousand people in the county have health technicians 1.6 and beds 1.9. Primary health care 1997 reached the standard, 1 hospital reached the standard of first-class hospital, two hospitals reached the standard of national second-class hospital, and the construction of Chinese medicine pilot counties passed the acceptance of the provincial health department, and was awarded the honorary title of "Advanced County of Rural Chinese Medicine in Yunnan Province".

Agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry

In 2006, Eryuan County earnestly implemented a series of national policies to benefit farmers, such as direct grain subsidies, improved seed subsidies, agricultural tax relief, and actively promoted the process of agricultural industrialization. The total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was121958,000 yuan, an increase of 1.4% over 2005. Among them, the agricultural output value was 669.67 million yuan, the forestry output value was 45.94 million yuan, and the animal husbandry output value was 464.73 million yuan. The county's grain planting area is 384,600 mu, and the total grain output is 1.32 million tons; The vegetable planting area is 60,000 mu, and the total output is 1.586438+0.2 million kg; Planting 30,000 mu of flue-cured tobacco and purchasing 89,000 tons of tobacco; Planting 43,000 mu of early-maturing garlic, with a total output of 79,332,900 kg and an output value of 270 million yuan; Plum planting area is 83,000 mu, and the output is 6,543,800 tons. 32,000 mu of walnuts were newly planted, and the planting area of walnuts reached 1.53 million mu. In 2006, forestry production continued to develop, focusing on the implementation of natural forest protection projects, consolidating the achievements of returning farmland to forests, walnut base construction, rural energy construction, resource forest management and forest fire prevention, steadily promoting and deepening the reform of collective forest right system, accelerating the pace of forest ecosystem and industrial system construction, and achieving remarkable results in all forestry work. In the whole year, the county completed artificial afforestation (including artificial simulated aerial seeding) with a total area of 170394 mu, newly closed hills for afforestation 10000 mu, and 82 1000 trees were planted voluntarily by the whole people, with a forest coverage rate of 49.95438+0%. In 2006, animal husbandry continued to show a good trend of healthy, stable and sustainable development, improved livestock varieties and made good epidemic prevention work. At the end of the year, the county's large livestock 127380, including 5 1420 cows and 90,000 tons of fresh milk, increased the income of dairy farmers139.64 million yuan.

Water conservancy construction

Eryuan County attaches great importance to water conservancy construction, implements the policy of "combining mountains, water, fields, forests, roads and electricity, and simultaneously storing, guiding, lifting and discharging", carries out large-scale management of rivers and lakes, vigorously carries out soil and water conservation work, persistently builds flood control and waterlogging prevention facilities, and builds a number of water conservancy facilities such as water storage, water diversion, water lifting, flood control and soil and water conservation. In 2006, Eryuan County increased investment in water conservancy projects, completed water-saving irrigation projects for schistosomiasis control with an investment of 3 million yuan, completed 7 small-scale water conservancy projects and 50 safe drinking water projects in rural areas, and completely completed the danger removal and reinforcement project of Chibi Lake Reservoir with a total investment of 22.05 million yuan. At the end of the year, there were 0/5 reservoirs in the county with a total storage capacity of 0/589,200 cubic meters, including 2 medium-sized reservoirs with a storage capacity of 0/550,700 cubic meters, accounting for 97.6% of the total storage capacity. Effective irrigation area of the county 16.4 thousand hectares.

People's lives

In 2006, the rural management system was further innovated, the reform of rural taxes and fees continued to deepen, the burden on farmers was further reduced, and the income of urban and rural residents increased steadily. The total rural economic income of the county is 104955 million yuan, an increase of 10.7% over 2005. The per capita net income of farmers is 2 1.26 yuan, which is 12. 1% higher than that in 2005. The per capita possession of grain is 479 kilograms. The average annual salary of employees on the job is 17424 yuan, a net increase of 2 1 15 yuan compared with 2005, with an increase of 12. 1%.

The coverage of social security has expanded from cities and towns to rural areas, with a total of 436,000 yuan for rural subsistence allowances, 34,865,438 yuan for urban residents+0,000 yuan, employment and reemployment 1 182 people, 5,632 rural surplus laborers transferring labor services, and the urban unemployment rate was 2.05%. Eight poverty alleviation village construction projects were implemented, which solved the problem of food and clothing for 2,900 people and poverty alleviation for 2,600 low-income people.

Culture and sports

Eryuan has a long history and rich culture. For thousands of years, the people of all ethnic groups in Eryuan have been industrious and intelligent, absorbed and influenced each other in long-term communication, production and life, and created a long and splendid history and culture of Eryuan. Eryuan has not only beautiful and moving myths and legends, folk songs and dances, unique folk architectural art and sculpture art, but also wonderful national crafts such as Yantai and Bai embroidery, as well as traditional festivals such as Dengchuan Yutan Festival, Sanying Crops Festival, Eryuan National Torch Festival, Zibihu Sea Lantern Festival and Haixi Song Festival. There are the earliest Bai Wen monuments in Dali-Dushi Xiangquan Monument and Rigao, which are known as the "living fossils" of Bai dance. In terms of national culture, there are well-preserved Bai folk music, blowing tunes, Daqu, book songs, rap art and dialect storytelling stories.

In 2006, the second round of compilation and revision of county chronicles in Eryuan County was launched in an all-round way, and the Ethnic and Religious Chronicles of Eryuan County was published. The county party committee and government carefully organized a series of cultural and sports activities, cultural "going to the countryside" activities and cultural performances to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, and successfully held the Dali "Sports Lottery Cup" men's basketball competition. By the end of the year, there were 3 cultural institutions in the county, cultural stations were built in all towns and villages, and the library had 50,000 books. The coverage rate of broadcasting population is 70.9%, that of TV population is 94.9%, and that of cable TV households is 38%.

202 1, 1, Xiaokang Magazine published 202 1 Top 100 Spring Leisure Counties and Cities in China, and Eryuan County ranked 10.

2019165438+10/3 Eryuan was awarded the title of the third batch of national demonstration cities and counties for ecological civilization construction by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.

On February 22, 20 18, eryuan county was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in China in 20 17.

On March 20 10/5, eryuan county won the honor of advanced unit in the third batch of national legal county establishment activities.