What should a barber pay attention to?

Officials donated in the Qing Dynasty. How did they donate?

Selling official titles and titles has been regarded as a symbol of political corruption since ancient times, but since the Qin and Han dynasties, there have been donating official titles and titles. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, donations had been institutionalized, and the phenomenon of officials clearly marking donations became an important means for the court to subsidize finance. However, buying and selling officials is not as simple as imagined, and the system of donating officials in the Qing Dynasty is still very distinctive.

The Right Way and Different Way of Being an Official in Qing Dynasty

The places where Manchu and Han became officials include Kejia, Gong Sheng, blade master, Yinsheng, Za, Donated, Official and Handsome. ? The draft of Qing history? Election "

Speaking of being an official, the most famous way is the imperial examination, but the imperial examination is not the only way to be an official. There are records of the sources of civil servants in the Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty, among which Kejia is a scholar selected by the imperial examination, that is, Juren, Gong Shi and Jinshi who are qualified to be officials, but Juren may not be able to be an official. If there is a vacancy in the imperial court, only Gong and Jinshi are available, and a juren may be a juren all his life. Because there are a number of Kazuko in imperial academy, they are either the children of aristocratic officials or the top scholars selected by local governments, and they have a greater chance of becoming an official. Children who benefit from grace also have a shortcut to enter the official career.

Discussion refers to a person who has made special contributions and is awarded an official position by the Ministry after being guaranteed by the governor. Official students and gangsters are often people who study in their classes and others who are not on the right track. Handsome is a civilian who donates prison and gets a imperial academy diploma. Instead of direct recruitment, we should solve the identity problem first. Just like today, when a department asks for a promotion, it must have a postgraduate diploma, so some people will go to work as postgraduate students, or go to the party school for further study and get a diploma at the same level.

Customized, Kejia, En, Ba, Vice, Lao, You and Yin Sheng are the right roads, and the rest are different roads. ? Draft of Qing history

During the Xianfeng period, the country suffered from internal troubles and foreign invasion, and the financial pressure increased. In order to collect more silver donations, the imperial court opened up more ways to enter the government, which caused? Too much progress, so you are confused about your career? The situation is divided into right and wrong in order to distinguish the weight of various officials. Generally speaking, those who are admitted, selected, or attacked by shadows are the right way, and the rest are different ways. In different ways? After the recommendation, the direction is the same, but the test is not allowed. Not the right way, not for John, Zhan, Li and Li? . In other words, the distinction between right and wrong is based on the way of being an official, and it is treated differently after being an official. Only those who have passed the 800-year examination are real talents, and people from different backgrounds cannot work in the organization department of science, education and etiquette.

Therefore, there is a contempt chain in the officialdom of the Qing Dynasty. The top three despise non-A, while the top three despise different ways. This is why Zuo is despised, not to mention donating money. In terms of actual treatment, the correct method is always better than the wrong one. For example, officials who are also waiting for the province and are well-born, have two or two monthly living expenses, while those who donate officials do not. During the period of acting as an agent or acting as an agent for a functional department, half of the length of service is calculated, and the period of agency donation is not included in the length of service. Most donors wait much longer than commendable, unless they continue to spend money to donate.

However, there are three kinds of people who are not qualified to enter the official position, no matter whether they take the right path or the evil path: first, people who are engaged in humble occupations, commonly known as? Dirty? Work experience, such as barber, fortune teller, etc. ; Followed by domestic slaves, that is, slaves, or long-term workers in large families; Finally, my grandfather's generation had a felony, which was equivalent to political censorship. Regardless of scientific research or official donations, the political review at that time had to provide resumes of three generations. These three types of people have no access to imperial examinations, no way to donate officials, and no opportunity to enter official positions.