What is the practical significance of Zhouyi?

What is the practical significance of Zhouyi? The Book of Changes and Its Practical Significance

? The Book of Changes is the first of the six classics, and its position in the classics of Chinese studies is obvious. But for various reasons, for modern people, the Book of Changes is obscure, far from life, or just a fortune teller. So, what exactly is Yi? Is the Book of Changes a superstition? What is the significance of studying the Book of Changes now? Starting from the formation and evolution of the Book of Changes, Mr. Zhao Zhiyi unveiled the true face of the Book of Changes and explained the way of life and practical significance contained in the book of changes.

When people talk about the Book of Changes, they often think of divination and fortune telling. The first impression of the Book of Changes seems to be used for divination. This is because the Book of Changes has been far away from us for a long time, so that people no longer understand its essence. The Book of Changes is actually a set of induction and summary of people's cognitive methods of nature and everything.

The Book of Changes under Cohesion records: "The ancient man, the king of the family, looked up at the sky, looked down at the earth, and watched the culture of birds and beasts, which was suitable for the earth, and took all things near and far away, so he started gossip to clarify the virtue of the gods and the feelings of all things." Fu's earliest divination was based on "looking up at astronomy and looking down at geography", which was an understanding of nature and an ideological progress in understanding nature.

Before the Book of Changes, there was a legend that it was easy to connect mountains and return to Tibet. Judging from some records in Hanshu, these are mainly images, but now there are no words, only various records and legends. As far as I ching is concerned, what is "Zhou"? What is "Yi"? There are also several different versions.

What is "Zhou"? It is generally believed that the Book of Changes was named after its formation in the Zhou Dynasty. I personally don't quite agree with this statement. The reason why it is called Yijing, although it also contains the meaning formed in the Zhou Dynasty, its original intention should be the cycle of everything. So, what about "Yi"? Many people translate it into "Sun and Moon" or change it from lizard. There are "Yi, Lizard Yi ... Pictographic" and "Sun and Moon Yi" in Shuowen.

Personally, I think the word "Yi" means that the sun can't go up or down, and the word "don't connect things" is everything. Yi is an expression of the law of things with the sun as the coordinate reference, and it is also created by Fu's observation of the sun shadow. First of all, we need to know what is the foundation of our culture. The origin of Yi originated from Fu's measuring the apparent motion of the sun with a standard meter and constantly understanding the phenomena and laws of things around him. In other words, Japanese characters represent the sun, and Yi-ology is an academic thought established by measuring the apparent movement of the sun. Things are the meaning of all things, indicating the laws of all things under the theoretical system with the solar system as the coordinate. With the sun as the core, Fu used a standard table to measure the change of the apparent motion of the sun to determine the cycle of time and space. Although this cycle existed before Fu's measurement, we didn't realize it.

Measuring the apparent motion of the sun with a standard meter is an important step for human beings to understand nature, that is, to discover the rhythm of nature. What method is used to identify? The Book of Changes says that "Yin and Yang are the Tao", which is the method of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang are symbols and methods for us to know and express Tao. Yin and yang are not Tao, but also in Tao.

Fu first watched movies with wooden poles and determined the two poles of the lunar calendar sun, namely, the midsummer solstice and the winter solstice in the 24 solar terms. The determination of these two points enables us to have a clear understanding of the chaos of time. I know that this regression cycle has 365 days, 12 months, and there are 6 months between the winter solstice and the summer solstice and the winter solstice. This is the second instrument of Taiji, and the determination of the two poles of Taiyin is the beginning of the cognitive cycle. The two organs give birth to four images, and the two stages are classified by the canonical phenomenon of yin and yang movement. The lack of yin and yang completely corresponds to the summer solstice, winter solstice and vernal equinox in the 24 solar terms. After the four elephants were determined, Fu classified each elephant on the basis of the four elephants, and four 24 solar term elephants appeared, namely, beginning of spring, Changxia, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter.

The division and classification of natural cycles by human beings is also the division of Yin and Yang. We can find that from the initial chaotic concept of time to the clear cognition of year, month, day and time, the cognitive process fully embodies the quantitative change and sexual change of yin eliminating yang or yang eliminating yin, and yin and yang are between you and me. This can be a good understanding of "Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything" in Tao Te Ching. Everything is negative and holds yang, thinking that it is harmonious. "This passage of Lao Tzu is a description of the movement of Yin and Yang and the role of Yin and Yang in everything. Sheng Tao's "one" is an unprecedented omen and opportunity for everything. A thing may not be discovered by us, but its omen already exists among all things in the universe. For example, mobile phones are the product of scientific and technological development in recent years, but the raw materials and conditions for producing mobile phones already existed at the moment when heaven and earth were born, which is an inviolable law; " The second is chance, which must be a chance for a person to gain external enlightenment under certain time and space conditions; "Three" is an empirical process. These three steps can form one thing. Edison invented the light bulb First of all, he explained that the materials for producing light bulbs and the functions of light bulbs are originally owned by heaven and earth. Second, Edison's creative thinking needs to be verified; The third is Edison's experimental process. After 1000 experiments, it is finally concluded that tungsten wire is the best material. However, it has been over 100 years since Edison's invention, and human beings have continued to make progress on Edison's shoulders. We invented many kinds of light bulb materials and products. Everything has to go through the process of knowing things, which is always indispensable.

Everything has only two fundamental phenomena, negative yin holding yang or negative yang holding yin. "Chong" is actually the process of yin eliminating yang or yang eliminating yin. When yin fades, the growth of yang means that yang rushes to yin, and vice versa. After the definition of Yin and Yang, when equivalence and nature meet the needs of things, things will naturally metaplasia. Just like plum blossoms in the twelfth lunar month, when the sun rises again, they will be released under the snow and will inevitably be transformed. Everything develops and changes with its quantity and nature. As long as the time and space in which things are located reaches the yin and yang required by things, things will naturally happen.

The Book of Changes classifies all things in the world qualitatively and quantitatively through the nature and quantity of Yin and Yang movements, so the eight images are eight categories,1February is 12, and the twenty-four solar terms are 24 categories. Yi is an inductive knowledge that people know nature and classify everything. People in China often say "draw inferences from others". Classifying the movements of Yin and Yang, the seemingly complex world can be classified, bypassed, and it is much easier to know by analogy, which becomes a learning method, that is, lifting the outline.

I ching is not superstitious.

The Book of Changes is the classification of the space we live in and the things that exist between heaven and earth. So, is the Book of Changes superstitious? As long as we really understand the Book of Changes, it is not difficult to get the answer.

I think the academic research of the Book of Changes can be divided into four parts. The first is physics, which is the process of understanding things. Secondly, mathematics, using mathematical logic and mathematical methods to express things in the world. Then there is philosophy. To achieve a better life between heaven and earth, people must conform to nature and live in harmony with it. The core of hexagrams is to cultivate goodness by virtue and take virtue as the foundation. First of all, we must have love, love others and love everything, and have the spirit of being virtuous and carrying things. Good for good can achieve the highest ideal of life, so as to grasp the opportunity of advance and retreat and reach the highest realm of carefree and happy life. Finally, metaphysics. The Book of Changes has inductive theory in the way of thinking. "It's easy to think without thinking, do nothing, be silent and feel the world." Many people think that it is superstition to gain by feeling, but it is not, which can be completely explained by our current science. Induction tunneling is actually the correspondence between waves and magnetic fields. As a wireless information receiver, people communicate with the waves, bands and frequencies of things in the universe. Everyone has different talents and the results are not necessarily the same, so different people have different views on the same problem.

What's the practical significance? Can play a practical role, helpful to real life, useful, useful and instructive.

You can quote the practical application of this theory in your speech. Just as mathematics is the basic theory, the practical significance of mathematics depends on its application.

What is the practical significance of the Asian League Cup? Children should treat everything like a fleeting cloud. Deng Tuo suffered so much, so much, and finally separated.

What is natural luck?

What is the practical significance of Li Sao? Lisao is the masterpiece of Songs of the South, with 373 sentences, which is the longest lyric poem in China. Li Sao is the work of Qu Yuan, a Chu people in the Warring States Period. According to statistics, there are 66 opinions on the meaning of the proposition of Lisao, and now six of them are representative: ① Ban Gu thinks: "It is not good to leave. Sao, worry. " Ming has always been worried that any speech will be a distraction. Qian Chengzhi thinks: "Leaving is suffering; Sao is a kind of interference. Disturber, Qu Yuan is greedy for his loyalty and upset, so it is called Sao. " (3) You Guoen thinks that Lisao is the ancient name of the old merchants. ④ Li Sao means resentment, and Li and Prison are disyllabic words. ⑤ Sima Qian thinks it means suffering. "Historical Records Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" said: "Those who leave Sao are still worried." This statement is the most credible because it is not long before Qu Yuan, and there are many words of "leaving sorrow" or "leaving you" in Chu Ci. ⑥ China's first poem written by a scholar. It was included in Chu Ci compiled by Liu Xiang in the Western Han Dynasty. Supplement: Songs of the South-a collection of poems based on the works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu. Songs of the South-Poetic Style

What is the practical significance of The Analects? The Analects of Confucius is a Confucian classic and a collection of recorded essays focusing on memorizing words. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi explained: "The speaker, the sage's language, the commentator, and the Confucian discussion." In fact, "Shang" means compiling. The Analects of Confucius refers to recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples and compiling them into books.

The Analects of Confucius, as a Confucian classic, is profound and all-encompassing. Its thoughts mainly include three independent and closely dependent categories: ethics-benevolence, social politics-propriety, and cognitive methodology-the golden mean. Benevolence, first of all, is the true state in people's hearts. The final compromise must be kindness, and this true and kind state is "benevolence". Confucius established the category of benevolence, and then expounded etiquette as a reasonable social relationship and a norm for dealing with others, and then expounded the methodological principle of the "golden mean" system.

The Analects of Confucius, as the most authoritative work to record Confucius' thoughts, words and deeds, has also become the cornerstone of Confucianism and Confucianism. Confucius' thoughts have influenced China's ritual and music culture, political culture, institutional culture, ethics, way of thinking, values and customs. His Confucianism is profound, extremely clear and moderate, with lofty values and practical daily learning, which is the essence of China's ancient thoughts.

Confucius' thought is based on harmony, with benevolence as the core and harmony as the most important. His thought is the source of Chinese national spirit, the important foundation of ritual and music culture, the right and wrong standard of value, the norm of ethics and morality, and constitutes the basic spirit of Chinese national culture.

In the historical process of Chinese civilization for more than two thousand years, Confucianism has played an important guiding role in the spiritual core and culture of the Chinese nation, and the golden mean has also become an important feature of the Chinese nation.

Therefore, no matter now or in the future, the outstanding ideological traditions such as benevolence, righteousness and courtesy embodied in The Analects are worth learning from, learning from and inheriting.

What is the practical significance of advertising to introduce products to consumers in need?

What is the practical significance of Tianma? Tianma is an image in both Chinese and western myths. In the west, the image of Tianma is that of a galloping horse with wings on its back. The image of a unicorn is often a heavenly horse with a unicorn on its head. In China, the image of Tianma is usually a galloping horse without wings. As a god of war, there are many, which shows the martial spirit of the Han nationality. Among them, the most important horse god is popular, which is the embodiment of Liu Che, the emperor of the Han Dynasty. Tianma has infinite courage to be fearless of strong enemies, brave in sacrifice and enterprising. It is an idol worshipped by soldiers and one of the most important totems of the Han nationality. In order to show the uniqueness of "Tianma", horses often draw clouds, which shows that Tianma can walk on clouds. The only special case appeared in Ganling (Ganxian County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province), and the first pair of stone carvings on Ganling Shinto were winged.

What is the practical significance of a strategist? In fact, the so-called "hundred schools" mainly include Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism and Legalism, followed by Yin and Yang, saints, famous scholars, military strategists and novelists.

China studied military theory in the pre-Qin and early Han dynasties, and was a school engaged in military activities. One out of a hundred. According to the Records of Literature and Art in Hanshu, military strategists can be divided into four categories: military strategists, military strategists, military yin and yang strategists and military strategists. The representatives of military strategists are Sun Wu and Sima Yi in the Spring and Autumn Period, Sun Bin, Wuqi, Liao Wei, Gongsun Yang, Zhao She and Bai Qi in the Warring States Period, and Sean and Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty. Now there are military works such as Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Bin's Art of War, Woods, Liu Tao and Wei Liaozi. The works of military strategists contain rich simple materialism and dialectics.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, wars broke out between governors, and people of insight engaged in military affairs summed up military experiences and lessons and studied ways to win. This kind of scholar was called a strategist in ancient times. All the works of military strategists who discuss military affairs are called military books. History of Art and Literature in Han Dynasty and History of War recorded 53 works of military strategists before Han Dynasty, with 790 articles and 43 volumes, which were divided into four schools: tactics, situation, yin and yang, and skills. Lv Simian's Introduction to Academic Strategists in the Pre-Qin Dynasty said: "Both Yin and Yang books and Shu books are dead. There is nothing in the book Strategy and Situation. Some soldiers of Yin and Yang Division said that when the weather is related, superstition will also be involved. Military experts say that this is the most practical use. However, today is different from the past, so it will not be passed on to the future. In terms of military situation, today is different from the past. But its reason is similar, so its existence can still be understood by many future generations. When it comes to military tactics, we pay attention to the principle of using troops, and there is no difference between today and ancient times. The words of the military strategists can be tested by ancient academic thinkers, and this family is broken. "

The main representatives of military strategists are Sun Wu and Sima Yi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States Period, there were Sun Bin, Wuqi, Liao Wei, Wei Wuji and Leitian. There were Sean and Han Xin in the early Han Dynasty. The current military strategists' works include The Yellow Emperor Yin Fujing, Six Towers and Three Views, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sima Fa, Sun Bin's Art of War, Woods, Wei Liaozi, Jiang Yuan, Wonders from Hundreds of Battles, Questions between Emperor Taizong and Li Weiguo, etc. Although there are similarities and differences among various theories, they all contain rich elements of simple materialism and dialectics. The practical activities and theories of military strategists had great influence on that time and later generations, and they were the precious military ideological heritage of China in ancient times.

Yin Fujing of the Yellow Emperor, referred to as Yin Fujing for short, has always been controversial about its author and the time of its completion. Today, Chen Yingning thinks it is a work of the Warring States period, while Wang Ming thinks the author is a hermit of the Northern Dynasties. This book inherits and develops the philosophical thoughts of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and expounds the theory of stealing the machine from heaven and man and the theory of Taoist longevity. "Yin character" means the unity of heaven and man. This book contains rich thoughts of simple dialectics, which has a certain position not only in the history of Taoism, but also in the history of China's philosophy. Many people have paid attention to it in the past, and different opinions have been expressed. Famous ones are Notes on Yinfu Classics by Taoist Li Zhi and Zhang Guo in Tang Dynasty, and Textual Research on Yinfu Classics by Song Zhuxi. Later, Taoism made it a must-read book, which is one of the main contents of the Xuanmen Classic. The caves included in the orthodox Taoist scriptures really belong to this category.

Liu Tao was written by Zhou. The Return of Zhuangzi Wu Xu is called "Six Books in the Golden Edition". "Classic Interpretation" said: "Sima Biao and Cui Chuan said:" Six Horses in the Golden Edition "are all titles, and this book is also called" Six Pagodas ",which are collectively called the Six Pagodas of Taigong: Wen, Wu, Tiger, Leopard, Dragon and Dog." At the beginning of the warring States period, it was originally a name. But I thought "Six Towers of Tai Gong" was unknown. Military strategists don't remember the history of the Han Dynasty. Confucianism has six articles and six notes in the History of the Zhou Dynasty. Ban Gu notes: "You can show your majesty when you are free, or you can ask Confucius." Then Six Fogs is not a book. Yan Shigu notes, the reason why there are today's "Six Pagodas" is not because Lu Deming said it was linked to the attached meeting? The annotation of "The Biography of the Three Kingdoms" originally said that "it is beneficial for people to read the books of philosophers, six towers and Shang Jun in their leisure time." Sui Zhi began with five volumes of Six Pagodas of Tai Gong, and noted: "Six volumes of Liang were written by the teacher." All records in Tang and Song Dynasties are due to it. On the whole, today's text is shallow, unlike ancient books, which seem to avoid the main hall in leisure, which is after the Warring States Period. The word "general" first appeared in Zuo Zhuan, but there was no such name at the beginning of Zhou Dynasty. The trace of its support is burning and verifiable. There is also a cloud in Long Tao: "The Lord and the Lord must be feminine. If it is eight, the symbol of defeating the enemy is one foot long, the symbol of Pojun is nine inches long, and the symbol of defeating the enemy is three inches long. " The forger didn't know the meaning of Yin Fu and mistook it for Jeff Fu, so he whitewashed this statement, which was particularly humble and not necessarily the same as that of Han Dynasty. Therefore, Zhou's "Pen Involved" said: "Its book is about Wuqi, fishing and hunting its words, and it is useless to make it up with modern military and political affairs." Hu Yinglin's "Bi Cong" also said: "His essays are despised by Sun, Wu and others." However, the Book of Reading in Chao said: "In Yuanfeng, Liuta, Sunzi, Sima Fa, three essays, Wei Liaozi and Li, the title was" Seven Books ". After a long time, it is consistent to talk about the home of soldiers. Today, it is still recorded, and its criticism is like power.

Sanlve, also known as Huangshigong Sanlve, is a famous ancient Chinese art book, which was listed as one of the Five Classics and Seven Books in Yuanfeng period of Song Shenzong. The title of the old book was written by Huang Shigong, and it was passed on to Sean in the early Han Dynasty (according to Records of the Historian, the book passed on by Huang Shigong and Sean is the Art of War, not an introduction). According to the textual research of modern people, the book "Sanlue" was written in the late Western Han Dynasty, and its true author has no way of textual research. "Sanlve" is the first military book devoted to strategy in ancient China, mainly discussing political strategy and military strategy. Since its publication, this book has attracted the attention of politicians, military strategists and scholars throughout the ages. Chao Wu of the Southern Song Dynasty nominally said: "On the ingenious and strict tactics of using troops, the army is easy to die and the country is easy to survive." This book was first introduced to Japan and South Korea, and had a considerable impact. "Sanlve" is divided into upper, middle and lower volumes, totaling more than 3,800 words. The earliest existing publication is the Five Classics and Seven Books, which was carved in the years of Xiaozong and Guangzong in the Southern Song Dynasty. This electronic version is based on a series of ancient books and the continuation of the Five Classics and Seven Books. For the obvious mistakes, omissions, extensions, deviations and mistakes in the original edition, please refer to the Lectures on the Five Classics and Seven Books, the Summary of the Five Classics and Seven Books and the Direct Interpretation of the Five Classics and Seven Books. Loanwords and archaic words are generally replaced by modern words with the text, and those that are not replaced are indicated in the notes.

What is the practical significance of Taoism? Buddhism is the law of the past, Confucianism is the law of the future and Taoism is the law of the world. It advocates that people should not resign themselves to fate, but should strive to transform the world.

What is the practical significance of Mohist thought? Taste Mohism, advocate equality, fraternity, generosity, endeavor, competition, thrift, discipline and attach importance to natural science. Modern western thoughts are very close to some of them. Mohism is more suitable for Republican society and international competitive society. Therefore, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was more prominent than Confucianism. However, during the period of great unification, his "non-destiny" thought left him in the cold. Moreover, compared with Confucianism, Mohism is dull but not profound and rich enough.

The main ideas of Mohism are embodied in ten propositions:

"Universal love" requires universal and undifferentiated mutual love between people. Mozi believes that all evils in the world begin with the "parting" between people, that is, the distance between relatives and interests. Therefore, in order to get rid of the great harm in the world, we must use the method of "loving each other and bringing out the best in each other" to exchange, that is, "the two are easy to differ" The so-called "love each other" means "treating the people's country as their own country; Take one's home as one's own; It depends on this person's body, if it is his body. " Let each other's interests merge into one. In this way, "for others, or for yourself" will love each other, thus achieving "mutual benefit."

"Non-attack". He called the unjust war "attack" and opposed the war of aggression and plunder. Mozi believes that launching predatory war is a very unjust criminal act, which has brought great harm to individual workers. War is a "human catastrophe", and only by stopping mutual conquest can society be peaceful. The famous story of Mozi's "stopping Chu and attacking Song" in history embodies his thoughts.

Shang Xian and Shang Tong. "Shang Xian" means to respect and reuse the sages. "Officials are impermanent and expensive, and the people have no final base; If you can, you can give it. If you can't, you can get it. " "Shang Tong" means "choose the most talented person in the world to be the son of heaven", and the son of heaven is the Shang Tong in the sky, so that the whole society will be unified. How to treat talents as "Shang Xian"? Mozi said that there are three fundamental ways (Three Books). That is: politically, they should be given noble titles, economically, they should enjoy generous treatment, and they should be given the actual power to give orders and decide affairs. This is called "the order of giving high honor, giving high reward, making things well and giving up". Mozi also put forward that the basic standard of "virtue" is that powerful people should help others, wealthy people should help others, and knowledgeable and rational people should teach others.

"saving money", "saving burial" and "unhappy" Mozi opposed the extravagance and waste of nobles and advocated "frugality" He said: "whoever is enough for the people will stop; If the charges are not added to the people's interests, the holy king will do it. " "People benefit" is the standard of using money; Can increase fees and benefit the people; It is impossible to increase fees without increasing the interests of the people. He criticized the "Japanese Lord" as "robbing the people of their food, clothing and wealth", and the result was that "the rich are extravagant and the few are frozen." Mozi also advocated "festival burial" and opposed the thick burial advocated by Confucianism. In his view, the popular reburial buried the wealth that had been produced, so that people who could engage in production could not participate in production for a long time, and even restricted the "friendship between men and women", making the population unable to reproduce, which was unfavorable to the country and the people. Mozi also used the same reason to be "unhappy" and opposed music, arguing that the prevalence of music hindered men's farming and women's weaving and "deprived the people of food and clothing" and should be banned. He pointed out that at that time, "people had three problems: hungry people were not allowed to eat, cold people were not allowed to wear clothes, and workers were not allowed to rest." However, the nobles did not solve these problems, but aggravated these disasters.

"Non-destiny", "ambition" and "bright ghost". Mozi criticized the theory of destiny at that time, and thought that the reason why governors tried to listen to prison administration was because they knew that "the strong will rule, the weak will be chaotic, the strong will be flat, and the weak will be in danger"; Officials work hard to collect taxes during their term of office because they know that "the strong will be expensive, the weak will be cheap, the strong will be honored and the weak will be humiliated." Similarly, farmers leave early and return late, and women work hard day and night, but they dare not be tired, because they know that "the strong will be rich, the weak will be poor, the strong will be full and the weak will be hungry"; "Strong will be warm, not strong will be cold." Therefore, he believes that "the king of destiny, the king of violence, poverty (description), the words of non-benevolent." In other words, the theory of destiny is fabricated by the rulers to fool the people. If you believe it, you will suffer. Mozi's "non-life" emphasizes "relying on the strong to live, and those who lose will not live", which reflects that the ordinary citizens he represents attach importance to material production and are dissatisfied with the parasitic life of the nobility. However, this class is very weak economically and politically. On the one hand, Mozi opposed the destiny, on the other hand, he believed in the existence of "destiny" and ghosts and gods. In his view, heaven has a will, and the will of heaven is the measure of all words and deeds in the world. He said: "I have great ambitions, just like a man with rules and a craftsman with moments." The specific content of Tianzhi is to ask people to love and benefit each other. He said: Heaven hopes that "people's strength will compete with each other, learn from each other's strengths, and will be rewarded if they follow the will of Heaven"; Anyone who goes against God's will be punished.