What is the summary of each chapter of The Scholars?

1 back: Wang Mian was born in poverty and was good at drawing lotus flowers. Jing Guan Su Wei wanted to meet him, because he didn't want to make friends with officials and gentlemen, and he was afraid of being victimized, so he left Shandong. After the flood in Shandong, he returned to his hometown. The foster mother was sent to the end, and the Ming army rebelled at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, and Zhu Yuanzhang seized the world. In order to avoid his official career, he retired to Huiji Mountain.

The second time: squire Ji discussed the dragon lanterns during the Spring Festival. During the period, it was mentioned that teachers should be invited for children. Xia Zongjia recommended Zhou Jin, who is over 60 years old. At the banquet, Zhou Jin invited Mei Jiu, but as a scholar, Mei Jiu played a trick on Zhou Jin during the dinner, saying that she dreamed of a scholar, which was a good sign.

The third time: Zhou Jin's brother-in-law and others pitied Zhou Jin, and pooled their money to donate a Guo Jianzi to him, so that he could take the exam directly. Later, he was admitted to Jinshi and became a scholar in Guangdong. Jin Fan, a scholar, was admitted because of his pity. Then I was recommended in the exam. Xiangshen Zhang came to make friends, give money and a house. This article embodies the abnormal psychology of literati who are eager to pursue their official career and conform to the trend of the times.

The fourth time: Jin Fan's mother suddenly got a rich house and furniture and died of excessive excitement. Three years after Jin Fan's mourning, Zhang Jingzhai followed him to Tang Zhi County, Gaoyao County, because the court ordered that the slaughtered cattle and beef could not be eaten.

The fifth time: after the Hui case was handled by the Tang magistrate, two people came to accuse Yan, one accused Yan of robbing someone else's pig, and the other accused Yan of asking for other people's interests. The magistrate ordered the arrest. Yan escaped for fear of sin. His brother Yan Jiansheng sued for him, paid his own compensation and managed it himself.

Sixth time: Yan Jian is alive and dead. Zhao and his younger brother discussed how to dismiss their posts. Yan Jiansheng's eldest brother Yan Gong Sheng came back from the imperial examination, but regardless of his brother's life and death, instead of arranging a funeral, he went to the provincial capital to arrange a marriage for his son. Later, Zhao's son died of illness, and Wang De wrote to Yan, asking him to come back to discuss the issue of heirs. At this time, Yan got married in the provincial capital.

The seventh time: Fan went in to see his teacher. Because Jin Fan was going to Shandong to study Taoism, Zhou Jin told Jin Fan to pay attention to Xun Mei and let him go to Shandong to study. At that time, Xun Mei and Wang Hui took the exam together. They met the fortune teller Chen Li and made a divination for the future of Wang Hui.

Eighth time: after Wang Hui returned to the provincial capital, he was ordered by the imperial court to fill the vacancy of Nanchang magistrate, so he took office. After arriving in Nanchang, he deliberately refused to accept the letter, and he didn't officially take office until the satrap sent money. Later, King Ning rebelled and captured Nanchang, and Wang Hui surrendered.

Time 9: On their way back to the provincial capital, Lou Gongzi met Zou San, the son of Zou Jifu, a servant who looks after the grave for his family, and said that he lived nearby. Lou's son then went into the house to visit. During the meeting, I learned that Yang Zhizhong was sent to prison for managing the accounts for others. Prince Lou decided to save people. At home, ask the servant Jin Jue to take money to the county to make it clear. It was taken at Loufu's house, and the magistrate released Yang Zhizhong.

The second time 10: Teacher Lou failed to find Yang Zhizhong for the second time, but met Lu Bianxiu on the way back. Speaking of Yang Zhizhong, Lu Bianxiu doesn't agree. A few days later, Chen Li visited. At this time, Guo Gongsun lived in Loufu, and Chen Li proposed marriage for Lujia's daughter. Teacher mi wrote to let teacher Lou handle it as appropriate. According to the meaning of Lu's editing, Mi Gongsun was taken into the Lu family. On an auspicious day, I got married.

1 1 back: Miss Lu is only beautiful after marriage, but Mi Gongsun's literary knowledge is very general, but she is helpless. Zou Jifu came to Loufu, talked about Yang Zhizhong again, and decided to visit again. After meeting, we had a good talk.

12: When Mr. Lou's son was about to visit, the new master Wei called. Seeing that there were many trivial matters, Yang Zhizhong suggested that the servant bring a letter to invite him. On the way, the servant learned that usufruct is an idle and unprofessional person. I wrote two letters before I came to Loufu. Take a knight.

13: Guo Gongsun met him. He opened a remedial class and listened to his tips for further studies, which was very inspiring. The servant of the landlord's house was locked in an affair with the secret servant girl and ran away with the box that Wang Hui had left in the old man's house.

14: After bargaining, Ma Chun paid 92 taels of silver and wrote a document to ask Mi Gongsun to redeem Shuanghong before getting back the stolen box. The messenger took most of the money. Guancheng and Shuanghong are far from home. After the matter was settled, Ma Chun went to Hangzhou. After arriving in Hangzhou, I played for several days until I met a "fairy" named Hong Hanxian in Dingjiamiao.

15: The immortal learned that Ma Chun was in trouble and was interested in giving alms. Ma Chun gave him a few pieces of black coal, which he took home to refine with fire and turned into silver. Fairy also asked the rich Hu Gongzi to pay 22,000 silver dollars to prepare materials for an alchemist, saying that after 49 days, she could cultivate a "silver mother" and then turn stones into gold. Later, the immortal "drove a crane to the west".

16: Because Kuang Superman's third uncle wants to seal up his father's house, he can't afford to get sick, and his mother lives in Lacrimosa all day. After returning home, Superman Kuang tried his best to serve his father and comfort his uncle. Do a little business with Ma Chun's money to subsidize the family. A fire broke out in the village, and Kuang Chaoren's family was forced to move to a rental house.

Once a magistrate of a county passed by and saw Kuang Superman studying hard, which was very appreciated. He told himself that he would take the exam. As a result, I passed the exam in succession until I won the prize.

17: Kuang visited the teacher continuously after entering school. Soon, my father died of illness. For some reason, the magistrate of a county was dismissed and stamped, but the people supported the magistrate of a county and surrounded the officials in the province. The superior sent someone to catch the leader, which put Kuang Superman in trouble. Kuang Superman went to Hangzhou to avoid disaster. I met the folk sage Jing Lanjiang and a group of his friends. These people often get together to write poems.

18: The owner of the building where Kuang lives asked him to help compile some articles. It took him only seven days to finish what Ma Chun could finish in the first two months, and he won some awards (gold medals) for it. With hu zheng's birthday, Jing Lanjiang met some new literati friends with Kuang Superman.

They hold poetry parties together, but some people are really average in literary talent. On the night I went to the provincial capital for a poetry meeting, I was arrested by patrol officials because I was drunk and walking at night. This article reflects the miserliness of Princess Hu, the son of the rich, the hypocrisy of the literati and the gaffe after drinking.

19: Kuang met Mr. Pan's younger brother Pan. He is very frank and flexible, and specializes in solving problems and making money for others. A girl from a big family escaped and was arrested by the government and sent back to her hometown. She was taken away by a rich man named Hu, who gave her two hundred and twenty pieces of silver. Mr. Pan dredged the government through various relationships, forged official seals and got things done well.

Shi wanted to sell his sister-in-law to someone else, but he sent his wife out by mistake. The other party didn't answer. Shi sued the official, but she did not go through the formalities of betraying her sister-in-law. She wanted to pay some money to settle the lawsuit, and Pan got it done. Jin Dongya's son wanted to take the exam, but without learning, he took out five hundred and twenty pieces of silver and asked someone to take the exam instead. After careful planning by Master Pan, Kuang took the exam and passed it successfully.

Kuang Superman also got two hundred and twenty pieces of silver. So I bought a house, and Mr. Pan sponsored me to introduce Mr. Zheng's daughter as a relative. Broad-minded wrote to his younger brother, asking him to take the exam in Wenzhou. At the same time, his teacher Yueqing county magistrate was framed, released after verification and promoted to the post. He wrote to Superman Kuang and invited him to come over. Third Master Pan finally committed a heinous crime and went to prison.

The twentieth time: Kuang Superman found a teacher who appreciated his talent and wanted to marry his niece. He lied that he was unmarried and became a relative I once went back to Zhejiang to do business, so I dropped by my house. I don't want my wife to die because she is not used to country life. Jing Lanjiang, an old friend, found him and asked him to visit Pan Sange in prison. Because of his affair with Pan San, he shirked that he worked for the court and could not visit the prisoners.

After that, he met Niu Buyi on the boat back to Beijing. Boast to them about his extraordinary talent. Niu Buyi lived in a buddhist nun in Wuhu County and died unfortunately. Please ask the old monk to arrange his funeral before he dies. Monks and neighbors did the right thing. It shows that after Kuang became an official, he ignored his wife's affection, did not miss the old feelings, boasted and raised his gaffes.

Hui 2 1: Niu Pulang studied in buddhist nun and got to know the old monk. When the old monk was away, he peeked at the personal poetry collection left by Niu Buyi. Because of the same surname, I wanted to pretend to be Niu Buyi, so I changed my name to Niu Pu, the word Buyi, and carved my own handprint. My father has a niece, my mother died, and my father is away in business all the year round. He consulted with the cow's father and married Niu Pulang.

Niu Pulang's business is not good, and he has been losing money since he took over grandpa's grocery store. Father Niu was furious and died. Mr. In-laws Bubu was old, and he died after Mr. Niu's funeral. The disciples of the old monk made nine magistrates, sent people to take the old monk back to Beijing, and left buddhist nun to Niu Puzhao.

The 22nd time: Dong Ying came to visit because Niu Pu pretended to be Niu Bu. In order to show his imposing manner, Niu Pu invited two uncles, one serving tea and the other cleaning. After the reception, the two complained to each other that they didn't understand etiquette, which provoked them to throw Niu Pu out of the house and find a house by themselves. Niu Pu had nothing to do, so he wanted to find Dong Ying. I met Niu Yupu on the boat because they share the same surname.

The bluffing Niu Yupu recognized Niu Pu as his grandson. Later, I met Niu Yupu's sworn brother Wang on the road. Wang was beaten up at dinner, which reflected Niu Yupu's character. After arriving in Hangzhou, Niu Pu and Niu Yupu went to Li Lianzhai together. While walking by the pond, I accidentally fell into the pond and was scolded by Niu Yupu.

The 23rd time: When Niu Yupu went to Wanjia, the Taoist told Niu Pu about Wan Xuezhai. Li Lianzhai used to be the housekeeper of salt merchants, but later he made a fortune in business, so he hated being mentioned by others. Niu Pu told Niu Yupu that if Cheng Mingqing was mentioned in front of Li Lianzhai, he would blackmail Li Lianzhai and get more benefits. I didn't expect Wan Xuezhai to drive Niu Yupu out in a rage.

Niu Yupu took it out on Niu Pu, found him and beat him up. Niupu met a boatman named Huang by chance. Because he said that he fell in love with Dong Zhifu and was respected by Huang, he married his fourth daughter. Dong was promoted to be the magistrate of Beijing. He didn't know that NiuBuyi was dead, let alone that Niupu was fake. He told Feng Zhuoan that Niu Buyi was in Ganlu 'an, which led Niu Buyi's wife to come to see you.

The 24th time: Grandma Niu didn't know that her husband was dead, and thought that Niubu had killed her husband, so she pretended to be Niubu and sued. However, I thought that the magistrate only had the same name and surname, so I refused to try it and sent it back to my hometown for trial. The boss thought Xiang Zhi didn't do his job well and wanted to join him, but he was saved by the actor Bao Wenqing. Bao returned to Nanjing and wanted to find some people to set up a small troupe.

Twenty-fifth time: Bao wandered in the street and met an old man who repaired musical instruments. Please go home and help repair the musical instrument. It is said that Mr. Ni has been a scholar for more than 20 years and his family is poor. Four of his five sons were sold. The last one is also difficult to support. After consulting with Bao, he agreed to adopt Bao and changed his name to Bao Tingxi.

So Bao took his son and began to act everywhere. One day, I met the original magistrate in the street, and I have been promoted to the local magistrate. By the magistrate's introduction, the daughter of my gatekeeper, Mr. Wang, was betrothed to Bao Tingxi.

Appreciation of Confucian scholars' foreign history

The Scholars depicts the contradiction and disharmony of "ordinary", "open" and "not surprising" people through accurate sketches, and shows its meaning. For example, Yan boasted in front of Zhang Jingzhai: "My brother is a straightforward person and never knew to take advantage of the villagers."

Before the words were finished, a page came in and said, "The pig that was shut up this morning, the man came to beg, and there was a quarrel at home." Through the inconsistency between words and deeds, Yan's cheating rogue behavior was revealed. Another example is that the Tang magistrate invited mourners to eat. Jin Fan first refused to use silvered cups and chopsticks.

The magistrate of the Tang Dynasty quickly asked someone to change a porcelain cup and a pair of elephant chopsticks until he changed a pair of white bamboo chopsticks, but he still refused. When the Tang magistrate saw him in mourning, he was worried that "if you don't use meat and wine, you won't be prepared." Suddenly, he saw that "he picked a prawn Zi Yuan from the bird's nest bowl and sent it to his mouth", and his heart was set. It is really "not derogatory, but the truth is false."

The Scholars makes elegant and sharp satire through disharmonious people and things. The salt merchants in Wuhe County sent the old lady to the Festival of Filial Piety, decorated with lanterns and colorful music, and the streets were covered with official tablets, as well as sacrifices from county magistrates, scholars and other officials, which was solemn and solemn.

However, the salt merchant Fang Lao Liu and a flower tooth girl fell on the railing to see the deacon. "The woman with the right tooth holds the railing in one hand, opens her pants in the other hand to catch lice, and catches them one by one and sends them to her mouth." Combine sublime solemnity with comical frivolity, and turn sublime solemnity into comical.

The Scholars has an aesthetic style of blending sadness and joy. Wu can truly show the double structure of qi, harmony, sadness and joy in the satirical object, and show the tragic connotation hidden behind the funny reality, thus giving readers a double aesthetic feeling. Zhou Jin smashed the number plate, Jin Fan went crazy, Mr. Ma Er paid homage to the Imperial Bookstore, and Wang Yuhui advised the female martyr to laugh.

The behavior of this moment is based on their life as the subtext, so the absurdity of this moment contains deep sorrow, and this most ridiculous moment is precisely the place where the inner tragedy is the strongest. The author keenly captures the instantaneous behavior of the characters and skillfully combines the reflection on the fate of intellectuals in the past 100 years with their instantaneous behavior, which makes the satirical works have cultural capacity and social significance.

Because Wu's Scholars satirized stereotyped writing, bureaucracy and feudal society at that time, some positive figures and negative figures were added in the article for comparison. The division of positive characters mainly lies in maintaining their proper moral character, while negative characters are ignorant bureaucrats who oppress the people with their official positions all day, and Confucian scholars who only study Confucianism and pursue the right path, but actually seal up their moral character.

Reflections on The Scholars

The Scholars describes an interesting officialdom story in the examination room at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty with humorous and sharp words. The main characters of the story are mostly folk literati. By praising many honest Confucian scholars and lashing corrupt politicians, the author expressed his dissatisfaction with real life and his expectation of changing such a gloomy world.

The novel begins with a description of a young man named Wang Mian in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for others since he was a child. He is smart and studious. His lotus paintings are vivid, well-read and brilliant.

He doesn't want to make friends, let alone pursue fame and fortune. The county magistrate came to inspect and couldn't hide; Zhu Yuanzhang gave him the position of consulting and joining the army, but he didn't understand. He willingly fled to Kuaiji Mountain and lived an anonymous life.

This book also reveals that the imperial examination system has trained a group of mediocre people and corrupt officials. For example, Xiu Caihui, after he was appointed as the magistrate of Nanchang, the first thing he did when he took office was not to ask about the local law and order, nor the lives of the people, nor to ask about the grievances of the case, but to inquire about the local people's feelings, understand what the local specialties are, and what places can be accommodated in various cases.

After that, I customized a No.1 library, handed over all six rooms in the yamen, asked about the profits of various errands, and asked everyone to transfer the money back to the government. From then on, the sound of castanets, abacus and boards was heard all day in the yamen. Chiefs and people were beaten out of their wits one by one, shivering in their sleep.

However, his own creed is to be a magistrate for three years and a hundred thousand snowflakes. When the imperial court inspected his achievements, it was agreed that he was the first able person in Jiangxi.

The book also lists an example of Jin Fan: Jin Fan of old boys in the Ming Dynasty failed in the imperial examination many times, and was admitted to the scholar only at the age of 54, and then admitted to the Jinshi. Fan Jinzhong received a lot of cold eyes at home before he got together. His wife called him around and his father-in-law scolded him in every way.

When Jin Fan's family was worried about selling chickens for rice, there was a happy news that Jin Fan had been recovered from the collection. After learning the good news, he was ecstatic. Fortunately, his father-in-law slapped him in the face before waking him up and curing his madness. In the blink of an eye, Jin Fan's luck changed, not only with money, rice and a house, but also with slaves and maids.

Jin Fan's mother was breathless with joy and died in the West. Butcher Hu is also uncharacteristic.

"The Scholars", a volume, tells the story of rain and snow in the scholars for a hundred years, which is both bitter and bitter.