The reason for building the railway

(1) According to the first document, "The gods of mountains and rivers are uneasy, which is prone to droughts and floods", "The road is slightly uneven, and the whole car is broken", "Imitating western trains, borrowing money from Britain and France, and there is no way to return it", it can be seen that the reasons why conservatives oppose the construction of railways in the materials are: building railways will offend the gods of mountains and lead to frequent disasters; Trains are dangerous and prone to accidents; It costs a lot of money to build a train, and there is a lack of funds.

(2) According to the second material, "If the train is popular, there must be drivers and road builders ... If there is a railway of one or two thousand miles, the work of hundreds of thousands of people can be solved ... The railway covers an area of only a few meters wide and cannot hinder the people's Tianlu tomb. If you pass the People's Tian She, you can give more money to demolish the People's Tian She; If you pass by the graves of the people, you will give them more money to open their graves, and there will not be much trouble. " It can be seen that Li Hongzhang's reason for advocating the construction of railways in his materials is to increase people's employment opportunities; The fields and graves of ordinary people do not hinder railway construction; Demolition of houses (or graves) can give more compensation.

(3) Zhan Tianyou was an outstanding railway engineer in modern China. He led the engineering team to overcome many difficulties, successfully completed two difficult tunnel projects, Juyongguan and Badaling, and designed the herringbone track. The Jing-Zhang Railway was built from 65438 to 0909, which is the first railway trunk line designed and built by China people themselves.

So the answer is:

(1) Railway construction will offend mountain gods and lead to frequent disasters; Trains are dangerous and prone to accidents; It costs a lot of money to build a train, and there is a lack of funds.

(2) Reasons: increasing the employment opportunities of ordinary people; The fields and graves of ordinary people do not hinder railway construction; Demolition of houses (or graves) can give more compensation.

(3) Railway: Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway; Engineer: Zhan Tianyou.