Rules of ordinary basketball (excluding NBA)

Basketball rules formulated by naismith

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(1) Basketball is a game played by hands, and the ball is round;

② Walking or running with the ball in hand is not allowed;

(3) Athletes can go anywhere on the field as long as it does not affect or hinder other athletes;

④ Physical contact between athletes is not allowed;

⑤ The hoop should be horizontal.

According to these five basic principles, Mr. naismith made the most primitive rules of basketball match. The original rules of basketball match are 13. The basic content of article 13 is:

1. Players can throw the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands.

2. Players can catch the ball in any direction with one hand or both hands, but they must never hit the ball with their fists.

Players can't take the ball away.

You must hold the ball with your hand, but you are not allowed to kick the ball with your head and feet.

5. Players are not allowed to use shoulder bump, hand pull, hand push, hand bump, foot trip and other methods to deal with opposing players. Any player who violates this rule is regarded as the first foul and will be forced to stop playing until he hits the target. If you intentionally hurt the opposing player, you will be disqualified from participating in the whole game and will not be allowed to substitute.

6. It is against rules 3 and 4 to hit the ball with fists.

7. If either side fouls three times in a row, it is counted as the other side's goal. Continuous foul refers to: during a period of time, the opposing team members did not foul, while their own team members fouled continuously.

8. If the defender doesn't touch or interfere with the ball, when the ball is thrown into the basket and stays in it, it is considered a basket. If the ball stops at the basket and the other team touches the basket, it is also a fortune teller.

9. When the ball is out of bounds, the ball will be thrown into the field by the first person who touches it. If there is an argument, the referee will throw the ball into the field. Throw a foul ball for five seconds. After more than 5 seconds, the ball was awarded to the opponent.

10. The referee is the referee of the player, and he has the right to call a foul. When a team fouls three times in a row, he will notify the assistant referee. He has the right to declare an athlete disqualified.

1 1. The assistant referee is the referee of this ball. He can decide the time of the ball in the game, he should count the time, decide the stroke of the ball, record the number of strokes of the ball, and bear the responsibility that the referee should bear at ordinary times.

12. The game will be played in two 15 minutes with a 5-minute break.

13. The team that hits the ball the most wins. If there is a draw, with the consent of both captains, the game can be postponed until another goal is scored.

Although the original 13 basketball competition rules are not systematic and complete, and some terms are not clear enough, they have played a great role in promoting the development of basketball in the early stage. In particular, basketball has developed into a modern basketball sport today, and the technical and tactical level is getting higher and higher, so the rules are even more important. It requires strict, scientific and systematic management of basketball games.

Basic rule

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Basic rule one

1. Competition method

There are five people in a team, one of whom is the captain and at most seven substitutes, but the number can be increased according to the organizer. The competition is divided into four stages, each stage 12 minutes, with a 5-minute break and a 10 minute break. At the end of the game, if the two teams have the same points, overtime will be played for 5 minutes. If the score is still the same after 5 minutes, a 5-minute overtime will be played again until the tie is broken.

2. Fraction type

After the ball is thrown into the basket and approved by the referee, it is counted as a score. 3 points can be scored for the inner input of the branch line; You can get 3 points for shooting outside the three-point line, and the penalty 1 point.

3. Way of proceeding

At the beginning of the game, each team pushes a jumper to the central jumper area, the referee throws the ball, and the jumpers from both sides start the game.

4. Player replacement

The substitution of each player should be completed within 20 seconds, and the number of substitutions is unlimited. The time to exchange players is when someone fouls, fights for the ball, calls a timeout, etc. The referee can temporarily suspend the timing of the game.

5. Free throw

Each player has four chances to be allowed to foul, and the fifth time is all out (6 times in NBA). And cannot be played again in the same game. Free throw is shooting when no one can stop or defend it. It is a punishment for the offending party and an opportunity for the opposing party. Stand behind the free throw line and shoot within 10 second after receiving the referee's ball. After shooting, you can't cross the free throw line before the ball touches the basket.

lawbreaking

Generally, it can be divided into (1) common violations, such as walking with the ball, dribbling twice (double belt), kicking the ball (foot ball) or hitting the ball with the fist. (2) jump ball violation; (3) Illegal jump ball: Before the jumper touches the ball, no one except the jumper is allowed to enter the central jump ball area.

Basic rule 2

24-second rule: the attacker must shoot within 24 seconds of holding the ball (24 seconds for NBA, CBA, CUBA, WNBA and 35 seconds for NCAA).

8-second rule: the team must control the ball from the backcourt and make the ball enter the frontcourt (the opposing half) within 8 seconds.

Five-second rule: after holding the ball, the player must throw the foul ball within five seconds, and the FIBA rules stipulate that the free throw must also be shot within five seconds.

3-second rule: divided into offensive 3 seconds and defensive 3 seconds. Attack for 3 seconds: the attacking player shall not stay in the 3-second zone for more than 3 seconds; Defensive for 3 seconds: When the offensive player corresponding to the defensive player is not in the 3-second zone or the edge of the 3-second zone and completely gets rid of the defensive player, the defensive player shall not stay in the restricted area for more than 3 seconds.

Personal foul: a foul caused by physical contact with an opponent.

Technical foul: A player or coach is convicted of a foul for poor performance, such as an argument with a referee.

Disqualification foul: a foul action made by a player that does not reflect the spirit of the athlete, such as hitting someone. When this happens, the player should be sent off immediately.

Five fouls by a player: No matter whether it is a personal foul or a technical foul, a player who commits five fouls (six in NBA) must leave the field and cannot play again.

Foul: Violation of rules, neither personal nor technical. The main violations are: illegal dribbling, taking the ball away, 3 seconds violation, letting the ball out of bounds, kicking the ball with your feet.

Player out of bounds: The ball is out of bounds when the player touches the area outside the sideline or string with the ball or the ball itself. The ball doesn't go out of bounds in the air until it hits the line or out of line.

Interference ball: When the shot ball falls to the basket, neither player can touch the ball. Defenders must not touch the ball when it is in the basket.

After the ball hits the chessboard, the opponent must not touch the ball until it falls.

Players closely watched by defenders: Players closely watched by defenders must pass, dribble or shoot within 5 seconds, otherwise their team will lose possession of the ball (which is not stipulated in NBA rules).

Ball back to the backcourt: if the team has moved the ball from the backcourt to the frontcourt, the team players can no longer move the ball across the center line and transport it back to the backcourt.

Basic basketball skills

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1) ball control skills

1. Control the ball

2. Trunk dish ball

3. Neck dribbling

4. One-legged hockey

Throw the ball before and after stepping down

6. Knee ball

7. Get off the 8-wheeler

2) Advanced skills

A feint/stunt

1. Swing your waist

Raise your hands and open your feet.

The ball and foot are in opposite directions.

4. False shooting

Shake your neck

stop

Skills and basic skills in competition:

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1. shooting precautions

2. How can we improve the shooting percentage?

3. One-handed shot in situ

4. How to jump shot

5. Several ways to pass the ball

6. How to dribble the ball

7. How to control the ball

8. How can I steal successfully?

9 Withdrawal and sliding defense

Collective defense:

1, explaining the ever-changing defense mode-joint defense;

Joint defense, as its name implies, is joint defense. If it is combined with man-to-man, it can also be changed to mixed defense (mixed defense). The biggest difference between defense and man-marking is that man-marking is the ultimate goal, and defense is the ultimate goal of ball prevention.

Counterposition defense is difficult to understand and changeable, and can be turned into man-to-man defense and standing defense at any time. However, because it requires too much tacit understanding and personal ability of the team and is slightly less aggressive, it is not suitable for fast-paced games and is rarely used by NBA coaches who emphasize personal ability and fast pace. Even outside the United States, few people use it for a long time.

According to the different scope of application, station defense can be divided into 2- 1-2, 3-2, 2-3, 1-2-2 and other conventional station defense methods. Even in last year's finals, the Spurs used a relatively rare 2-2- 1 defense, which was based on their opponents' offensive advantages and their own staffing types.

In FIBA, if you launch a long pass to consolidate the rebound, the defense is generally 2- 1-2, but there are three points under the basket and on both sides, which are its defensive blind spots. The attack can be cracked by passing the ball according to the position of 1-3- 1.

2-3 defense is a variant of the basic 2- 1-2 defense. Its advantages are similar to 2- 1-2. Both of them aim at consolidating rebounds and protecting baskets, and strengthen the prevention of the other side's bottom line slipping. The blind spot on the perimeter is similar to 2- 1-2, but if the center above the basket is slow, it may fall from 45.

3-2 defense is generally used to deal with the opponent's outside pitcher group, because no matter the arc top or the 45-degree three-pointer, it can prevent the oppression of the upper zone (sorry to quote the term under illegal defense), and its expanded defense is also very conducive to stealing and launching a fast break; However, the three points on both sides and the bottom line, as well as the areas below the penalty line and above the small restricted area are blind areas.

The most popular defense mode in NBA today is the current 1-2-2 defense and several variants derived from it. Why does 1-2-2 defense become the coach's new favorite and treasure? This should start with its several advantages:

1。 Because after the NBA canceled the illegal defense (theoretically), in order to reduce the difficulty of breakthrough, it set the rules of defensive three seconds's violation. The rules stipulate that the inside player can't stay in the three-second zone for more than three seconds without his own fixed defense object; In addition, the definition of "unfixed defensive object" is defined, that is, the inside player who is more than one arm away from the defensive player is "unfixed defensive object".

Therefore, with this provision, it is not difficult to understand why the 3-2 and 2- 1-2 defenses popular under international rules are ignored in the NBA. The center standing on the stake is expected to go into shock, because he has been focusing on how to avoid defensive three seconds throughout the game.

2。 In the past, NBA, which emphasized individual singles and scoring ability, not only inside players, but also many outside players have certain low-post back-box singles ability. Therefore, except for teams with a large number of shooters such as Kings and Mavericks or teams with poor singles ability, 1-2-2 is generally used to attack, and 1-2-2 defense is just in this formation. The defense will bring the opponent's attack to the extreme, and make those players who used to box their backs, such as SHAQ, Duncan, Pierce, McGrady and others, feel powerful and useless.

3。 1-2-2 defense When the attacker reads the solution, because the formation looks like man-to-man, when PG is still awake, and the attacker crosses the cover at the baseline or poses at 45 degrees, it takes a lot of 24 seconds to attack, but when he gets the ball, he realizes that it is a defense. When the time is up, he wants to rearrange the attack position and crack the defense, and the attack time is only a few seconds left. For FIBA's 30-second shot, it is more than enough to deal with joint defense.

4。 1-2-2 joint defense is a variant of 3-2 joint defense, which not only oppresses the perimeter and blocks the 45-degree ball, but also reduces the blind spots below the penalty line and above the small restricted area, maintaining the characteristics of steals the ball and defending the middle distance of Ai and Houston's customary empty-cut cover. It is the most stable defensive formation in NBA at present.

5。 1-2-2 defense can be changed into diamond one (diamond position in the restricted area) and square one (square position in the restricted area) at any time, which makes the attacker fall into extreme confusion in reading and unable to carry out his established tactics.

Of course, 1-2-2 defense is not without its shortcomings. Any kind of joint defense has its own defensive blind spot. How to crack the defense by standing, I believe other NBA teams can further master it through running-in, instead of being slaughtered at the mention of defense as it is now.

For any team that adopts joint defense, in the choice of joint defense type, the position choice of a single player must be judged by whether his personal ability and type are suitable for this joint defense. The Timberwolves, for example, have certain abilities and fast muscle strength, which is similar to Candiman, a relatively slow-moving center, in defense. And 1-2-2 two guards at both ends of the free-throw line in the joint defense station, if they can be executed by tall and fast swingers like McGrady and Kobe, the effect will be multiplied.

Because the three-point line of NBA is farther than FIBA, the defensive area of NBA is much larger, and the defensive effect is relatively discounted. Defense is only a way that can be used in the game, not the way to win in the end. It is equally dangerous for coaches and players to despise and superstitious defense.

2. Close defense-man-to-man defense.

Basketball term

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(1) West el mate: The athlete holds the ball with one hand or both hands, jumps in the air, and directly pours the ball into the basket from top to bottom.

(2) Make-up: When the shot is missed, the athlete jumps in the air to make up the ball in the basket.

(3) Block: The attacker blocks the defender behind him with his footwork. This footwork is called blocking position (mostly used for rebounding).

(4) Catch the ball: move along the passing flight direction to facilitate catching the ball.

(5) Dislocation defense: The defender stands next to the attacker he defends and prevents him from catching the ball, which is called dislocation defense.

(6) Important position: The attacker blocks the defender behind him with his body and occupies a favorable position to catch the ball.

(7) Breakthrough: Break through the defender with the ball.

(8) Empty cut: The attacker ran to the basket empty-handed.

(9) One pass: The receiver passes the ball 1 time from defense to attack.

(10) West el tapón: When the attacker shoots, the defender tries to hit the ball out of the air.

(1 1) Complement: When 1 defender loses the correct defensive position, other 1 defenders make up the correct defensive position in time.

(12) Assist in defense: assist in defending peers.

(13) Press defense: Keep close to the attacker, and constantly threaten the opponent's ball control safety or prevent the opponent from receiving the ball with offensive and defensive actions.

(14) Oblique insertion: Run diagonally from the sideline to the basket or the center of the field.

(15) Time difference: When shooting, in order to avoid the cover of the opponent's defense, the air block is used to change the shooting time.

(16) serve: The offensive player without the ball takes the initiative to grab the position and receive the ball.

(17) Landing: disposal of both sides.

(18) Coordination: The attacker receives and transfers the ball through the tactical coordination organized by the players in the frontcourt or the middle of the whole court, resulting in attack opportunities such as empty cutting, bypassing cutting and covering.

(19) Cover: An offensive cooperation in which the attacker blocks the opponent's way with reasonable technical movements and creates opportunities for the partner to get rid of the defense.

(20) Sudden score: The offensive player with the ball passes the ball after breaking through.

(2 1) cross-cutting: The attacking player with the ball uses the empty cut immediately after passing the ball, ready to catch the ball and attack.

(22) Make-up defense: When 1 defender loses his position, it is possible for the attacker to score directly with the ball, and another 1 defender in the neighboring area immediately gives up his opponent to defend the attacker with the ball breakthrough.

(23) changing defense: prevent players from changing defense.

(24) Closing the door: Quickly select two adjacent players with the ball in the direction of the attacker's breakthrough to form a "barrier" to block the attacker's breakthrough route.

(25) Attack: Two defenders jointly block 1 the attacking players and block their passing route.

(26) Squeeze: When two attackers cooperate with each other, the members of the protected person approach to the back, seize the position at the moment when the attackers are about to complete the cooperation, squeeze between the two attackers from the side, destroy their cover and continue to defend their opponents.

(27) Crossing: When the attacker covers, the defender's players are slightly away from each other, so that the companions can pass through their own cover players and continue to defend each other.

(28) Pick and roll: Use the ball to block the defender for teammates.

(29) Air relay: A technique in which one teammate passes the ball in, another teammate catches the ball in the air, and then spikes or throws the ball into the basket before landing in the air.

Introduction to the main location of basketball court

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Point guard (PG) (West Base)

The point guard has the most chances to get the ball on the court. He wants to bring the ball safely from the backcourt to the frontcourt, and then pass it to other teammates so that others can score. A qualified point guard must be able to pass the ball across the half court without any problem when only one person is defending. Then, he must have good passing ability, and he can pass the ball where it should go most of the time: sometimes it is a gap in shooting, and sometimes it is a better guide. Simply put, he wants to make the ball smooth, and he wants to be able to pass the ball to the place where it is easiest to score. Furthermore, he should organize his own team's attack and make his teammates' attack more smooth.

There are other requirements for the point guard. In terms of scoring, the player who controls the ball is often the team's last scorer, which means that unless other teammates don't have a good chance to shoot, he won't shoot easily. Or to put it another way, his scoring ability is very strong. He uses his scoring ability to destroy the opponent's defense and create opportunities for his teammates. In short, there is an unchangeable principle for the point player: if any teammate has a better chance to play on the spot than him, he will definitely give the ball to the teammate with a better chance.

Shooting guard (SG) (Coltat West)

The shooting guard takes scoring as his main task. He is the second leading scorer in the field after the small forward, but he doesn't need to practice singles skills like the small forward because his teammates often help him find a gap and shoot. However, because of this, his outside accuracy and stability should be very good.

Shooting guards often have to do two things. First, there is a good gap to shoot the outside line, so his outside line must be accurate and stable. Otherwise, if teammates try their best to block a good opportunity but fail to score, it will do a great blow to the morale and confidence of the whole team. The second is to find a small gap to throw an outside line, so he has to be quick. A good shooting guard can't expect such a good gap every time. He should be able to find shooting opportunities in a short time, and his shooting percentage should be at a certain level. This can stall the enemy's defense, and the defensive circle must be opened, which is more conducive to teammates' attack in the restricted area.

Small Forward (Small Forward) (West Alero)

Small forward is the team's most important scorer. The most fundamental requirement for a small forward is to score, and it is a long-distance score. As soon as the small forward receives the ball, his first thought is how to put the ball into the basket. He may rebound, but it is not necessary; He may pass the ball well, but it is not necessary; He may bounce well, but it's still unnecessary; He may defend well, but it's still unnecessary. The basic job of a small forward is to score, score and score again.

Small forward is the position with the lowest requirement for shooting percentage. Generally speaking, as long as 45% is qualified, more than 40% is acceptable. Of course, there is a premise that he wants to score goals. If a small forward averages seven or eight points per game and hits only 40%, it is better to let him sit on the bench. On the other hand, why can the shooting percentage of small forwards be lower? Because he is the main scorer in the team, he often has to take the initiative to look for opportunities to shoot, stabilize the morale of the army at some moments, and even boost morale by singling out opponents in more difficult ways, and even give opponents a fright and a head-on blow. So the small forward will have more chances to shoot, or it may be a bad chance, so we can allow him to play lower, as long as he can score.

Power forward (PF) (Siala-fulcrum)

The task of power forward in the team is almost always very hard. Rebound, defense and blocking are all indispensable to him, but he is often the last to score. So power forward can be regarded as the most inconspicuous role on the basketball court.

The first job of power forward is to rebound. Power forward is usually the person who rebounds the most on the team. He is stuck in the penalty area, cooperates with the center and often provokes the rebounding task of the whole team. When attacking, he often helps his teammates to block people, and then tries to squeeze in to grab rebounds and carry out the second wave of attack after his teammates shoot.

Generally speaking, power forwards rarely shoot, and their shooting positions are often close to the basket, which requires higher shooting percentage. In terms of five positions on the court, power forward should be the one with the highest hit rate, and a good power forward should reach more than 55%. But because scoring is not his strong point, he can score few points, but he must grab more rebounds. In addition, Hotpot's defensive ability is naturally necessary for power forward, because he wants to consolidate the restricted area, and defense is of course important. In fact, power forward is to do two things well: rebounding and defense.

Center (c) (west axis)

As the name implies, the center is the core of a team. He spends most of his time selling labor and figures in the restricted area. He is offensive and defensive, and is the hub of the team, so he is called the center.

What will the center do? First of all, since he lives in the restricted area, rebounding is absolutely indispensable. Again, the restricted area is a battleground for all teams. Of course, opponents can't attack it easily, so the ability to block attacks and build hot pot is also indispensable. When attacking, the center often has the opportunity to stand in the penalty area near the free throw line (which is the center of the whole attack field) to catch the ball. At this time, he should also have good ball guiding ability and send the ball to a more suitable corner. The above three items are the basic skills that a center should have. In the team, the center is often responsible for scoring. He is the main inside scorer, corresponding to the inside and outside small forward. Because he wants to play singles, his shooting percentage can be lower, but his hand is often closer to the basket, so his shooting percentage is higher. Generally speaking, 52% can be used as a standard. The requirement of center's hit rate is second only to that of power forward.

A good center needs versatility. In attack, the center should have the ability to play singles near the basket, and he should be able to play singles with his back to the basket. Turning shot is the most common one, while jumping and hooking are more difficult to defend. Defensively, to be a good center, you should not only defend the players you should watch, but also help your teammates defend in time. To put it simply, if an enemy player bypasses his teammates' defense and enters the basket, the center should have the courage to make peace, while one person guards and defends his own restricted area. Of course, it doesn't mean that you can't leak it every time, but you always have the ability to "help". If a center can only keep his own people, it is not enough (unless the opponent is a super offensive center).

There is a deformation of the center, which is called the outer center. The difference between him and the normal center is that his attack is mainly to shoot outside shots, and less to do singles in the restricted area. Because the center is tall, other short people can't keep it at all, so the outside shooting can pull the opposing center out, so it is also very useful when the striker is strong. When defending, just like the average center, defend the opposing center and rebound as usual.