Who are those people that Jia Yucun said in the second Red Chamber?

Yao: (1) Di Yao, surname, number. Because he was sealed in the Tang Dynasty, he was called "Tang Yao". Because of his high respect, people fell in love with Emperor Yao. He is serious and respectful, radiant and clear from top to bottom. He can unite people, make them unite as a family and live in harmony. Yao is simple, eating coarse rice and drinking wild vegetable soup. Nature is loved by the people. In Yao's later years, on April 12th, Mu recommended the successor of the military leader of the tribal alliance, and everyone unanimously recommended Shun. Emperor Yao married his two daughters to Shun, made a long-term investigation on him, and finally gave up safely. (2) Yao, the ancient emperor of China, was one of the five emperors. His name is Yao and he is posthumous title. In the Law of the Dead, it is said that "the wing is good to spread the sage and say Yao". Yao was born and raised in the mother's house of Yi Hou, and later moved to Qi, calling Yao his surname and Yao Qi his surname. Yao's father is, his name is Gao Ji, and his number is yes. After 70 years in office, Di Ku died and passed it on to his son Zhi. At the age of thirteen, Yao Fuzhi was sealed in. At the age of fifteen, he was sealed in Tang Di, so Yao's nickname was. At the age of eighteen, Yao was the son of heaven, and they were all in Puban. Tongdian records: "Yao was in Pu", Water Mirror Notes records: "Leitou is also called Yaoshan, and there is an old city on the mountain, which is also called Yaocheng", and "Kanshisanzhou" records: "Puban. Emperor Gaiyao also lived here and later moved to Pingyang. " "Historical Records" said: "Emperor Yaoren is like a sky, knowing like a god, being like a sun, and looking like a cloud." Approaching him is like the sun, and seeing him from a distance is like a cloud. Rich without arrogance, expensive without arrogance. Yellow hat, black clothes, red car and white horse. "can understand morality, can discipline morality, and can kiss the nine families." He ordered his family and He family to push the calendar, set the age at four, and give farming time to the people. The vernal equinox, summer solstice, autumn equinox and winter solstice are determined. When Yao was in power, the world was flooded with soup and water was treated with guns. After nine years of failure, Yu was enabled to control water. Yao set up the drum of advice and let everyone in the world do their best; Build a tree of slander and let people all over the world attack his mistakes. He ruled the world for fifty years and asked if there was anyone in the world. Do people love themselves or not? I don't know about it, but I don't know about it. So he visited the people incognito, and an old man knocked on the ground with food in his mouth, singing, "It doesn't matter to me to work at sunrise, rest in the day, dig wells and drink, plow the fields and eat." This ancient poem is called "Song of Breaking the Earth". Emperor Yao initiated the abdication of the emperor. After 70 years in office, he thought his son Dani was not a tool and decided to choose talents from the people. Yao asked the leaders of Wang Zizhong, "Who can shoulder the heavy responsibility of the emperor?" The leader of the four princes said, "There is a bachelor among the people. Called Yu Shun. " So Yao traveled incognito and came to Lishan area. When he heard that Shun was plowing in the field, he went to the field. I saw a young man, tall, broad and sensitive, devoted to farming, driving a black cow and a yellow cow in front of the plow. Strangely, the young man never whipped the cow, but hung a dustpan on the plow shaft, knocked it every once in a while and shouted. When Yao and others arrived in the field, they asked, "The tiller whips the ox. Why just knock on the dustpan and not hit the cow? " When Shun saw an old man asking, he surrendered and replied, "It's very hard for cows to plow the fields. Why should they be whipped?" When I hit the dustpan, the black cow thought I hit the yellow cow, and the yellow cow thought I hit the black cow, so they all pulled the plow hard. Hearing this, Yao felt that the young man was smart and kind, and he was more concerned about cattle and people. Yao and Shun started a topic in the field and talked about some problems of governing the world. Shun speaks truth and understands the righteousness, which is not the view of ordinary people. Yao went to Baili again and praised Shun as a virtuous man. Yao decided to let Shun have a try. Yao married his two daughters and Shun respectively, so that both daughters could see their virtues. Arrange nine people around Shun and let nine people observe his behavior. Putting Shun in the mountains, he tamed all tigers, leopards and poisonous snakes. Shun is clear-headed, clear-headed, not lost in the mountains, and will soon come out. Yao first asked Shun to be an official in North Korea. After three years of trial, he asked Shun to worship Yao's ancestors in Yao's Confucius Temple, and Yao asked Shun to be the emperor. Yao has been in office for seventy years, and he will be old after twenty years. Shun replaced Yao's power, and Yao gave in and died 28 years later. Shun (1), surnamed Yao, was named "Zhong Hua" because of his legendary eyes and double pupils, and posthumous title Yu, so he was named Yu Shun. Zen is located after death. According to legend, after the Yellow Emperor, there were three famous tribal alliance leaders whose names were Yao, Shun and Yu. They used to be the leader of a tribe, and later they were elected as the leader of the tribal alliance. At that time, the leaders of tribal alliances had to consult with tribal leaders on any major issues. Yao is old and wants to find someone to take over. On one occasion, he called the leaders of four tribes to discuss. But he said, "Your son is a wise man and should take his place." Yao said seriously, "No, this boy has a bad moral character and likes to quarrel with others." Another man named Huan Dou said, "Gong Gong, who is in charge of water conservancy, has done a good job. Yao shook his head and said, "Gong Gong has a glib mouth, a respectful face, but a different heart. I don't trust such people. " The discussion was fruitless, and Yao continued to look for successors. On one occasion, he called the leaders of four tribes to discuss and let everyone recommend them. The unanimous suggestion of the meeting was to avoid it. Yao nodded and said, "Oh! I also heard that this person is very nice. Can you elaborate on his deeds? Everyone told the story of Shun, and Shun's father was a fool. Shun's biological mother died long ago, and her stepmother was very bad. Stepmother's younger brother is called Xiang, but he is too proud to say so, but he dotes on him. Shun lives in such a family and is very kind to his parents and brothers. Therefore, everyone thinks that Shun is a virtuous person. Yao was very happy and decided to go and see Shun first. He married his two daughters and built a granary for Shun and gave him many cattle and sheep. When the stepmother and her younger brother met, they were both envious and jealous. They played tricks with each other and tried to assassinate Shun several times. Once, Shun was asked to repair the top of the granary. When Shun climbed to the top of the barn with a ladder, he set the ladder on fire and tried to burn Shun to death. Shun saw a fire on the top of the warehouse and wanted to find a ladder. The ladder was gone. Fortunately, Shun wears two hats to keep out the sun. With a hat in his hands, he jumped down like a winged bird. The hat fluttered in the wind and landed gently on the ground, not hurt at all. And a unwilling, let shun to go. After Shun jumped into the well, Hexiang threw mud and stones on the ground, filled the well and tried to bury Shun alive. Unexpectedly, after going down the well, I dug a hole by the well, got out and went home safely. Not knowing that Shun had escaped from danger, Xiang returned home triumphantly and said to him, "My brother must be dead this time. I came up with this wonderful plan. Now we can share our brother's property. " With that, he walked to Shun's home. I don't know. As soon as he entered the room, Shun sat by the bed and played the piano. The elephant was secretly surprised and said shyly, "Oh, I miss you so much! Shun also pretended as if nothing had happened and said, "You came at the right time. "。 I have many things to do, and I need your help to deal with them. In the future, Shun still treats his parents and younger brother as before, and Xiang dare not plot against Shun again. Yao listened to the story of Shun introduced by everyone, and after investigation, he thought that Shun was really a very good and capable person, so he gave up the position of leader to Shun. This abdication is called "mountain abdication" in history. In fact, during the clan commune, tribal leaders were old, and it was not uncommon to elect new leaders. After Shun ascended the throne, he was also diligent and thrifty, working like an ordinary person, and was deeply trusted by everyone. A few years later, Yao died, and Shun wanted to give up the position of the leader of the tribal alliance to Yao's son, which was also opposed by everyone. Shun has just officially become a leader. Shun Di is the originator of moral culture, and Shun culture is moral culture. "Historical Records" said: "The world is famous, starting from Yu Shun". The soul of Shun Di's cultural spirit can be called "morality first, education second", and Shun culture is China culture in the historical turning point from barbarism to civilization. Yan Di culture with farming culture as its connotation, Huangdi culture with political power culture as its connotation and Shun culture with moral culture as its connotation constitute three milestones of China culture. Jiuyi Mountain is the hiding place of Shun culture. "Historical Records" contains: "Shunnan patrol hunting collapsed in the wilderness of Cangwu and was buried in Jiuyi in the south of the Yangtze River". In this magical and beautiful land of Jiuyi Mountain, there are many touching stories of Shun Di serving the people, and there are many bitter, nostalgic and beautiful praises from literati and poets who have been to Jiuyi Mountain. Mao Zedong, a great man, once wrote the magnificent poem "Bai Yunfei on Mount Jiuyi, Di Zi under the wind". Yu, also known as Dayu,, etc. , it is said that the surname is Yu, named. China's ancient books such as Shangshu, The Book of Songs, The Book of Rites, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, etc. All recorded the legend of Yu. "Shangshu Gong Yu" recorded the story that Yu Zhiping's flood decided Kyushu in the world. "Historical Records Xia Benji" recorded that Yu was the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and his father was ordered by Yao to control the water. After nine years of flood, he was drowned by Shun. Shun was destined to continue his career, and Yu Naixing worked hard on fertile soil, walking on the surface of mountains and rivers, and finally settled the flood and got the royal clothes of the princes all over the world. After Shun's death, he was made emperor with the title of year. After traveling eastward, he died in Huiji. China's history books have always been based on the above-mentioned ancient records to spread their achievements. Yu was not only the first founding emperor of China, but also a great hero of ancient water conservancy. Drawing lessons from the failure of his father's gun blocking method, he adopted diversion methods such as "diverting rivers from Minshan Mountain" and "diverting Huaihe River from Tongbai" to introduce major rivers in the country into the sea and "treat the four seas as beggars" to save the people hanging upside down. Ancient books record his spirit of disregarding personal interests: "After 13 years away from home, I dare not enter"; Record his virtue of humility and concession: "Emperor Shun collapsed and lost for three years, and all the sons of Yu Ci who avoided Shun were in Yangcheng", as well as his humble and frugal character. So in the history of China, a perfect man with outstanding achievements. In the 1920s, a modern historian, Gu Jiegang, put forward the view that he was a figure in the southern national myth. He believes that the central point of this myth is the moon, which has been recognized by some scholars. Based on the research results of new detection methods such as geological history, Quaternary research, paleogeography and archaeology, he analyzed the process of the Yue people's prosperity in Ningshao Plain today and the process of the Ningshao Plain becoming a sea area when the late Pleistocene pseudorotifers in the southeast coast retreated in Quaternary. Up to now, there are still many legends about Yu in Vietnam. For example, "Yue Jue Shu" said: "When I was in danger, I was worried about the people and saved the water. I went up to Mount Yue, went down to Mount Mao, opened a ceremony, and made meritorious deeds, so I changed my name to Mount Mao and called it Huiji." Another cloud said, "Tu Shan, Yu's wife's mountain will also go to the county seat for five miles. "."The Spring and Autumn Annals is recorded in "Climbing a mountain, issuing golden letters, and writing the case in jade, which makes it very clear." It is also recorded in "Life ministers said that after I became immortal, I would bury the mountain and record it" and so on. Shaoxing today, such as Yuling, Yudong and Yumiao, are precious relics of Dayu. Sima Qian once "visited the meeting in person and explored the cave", and Qin Shihuang, Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Qianlong and Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China all visited the shrine in person, which shows that these cultural relics have unparalleled lofty status in China. Yu's noble spirit of self-sacrifice and indomitable will have long been highly praised by Shaoxing people and the people of the whole country, which has a great influence. Known as the great righteousness, the Tang Dynasty. The first king of Shang Dynasty. The child's surname. Shang was originally one of the princes of Xia. At the end of the Xia dynasty, the internal contradictions of the Xia royal family became increasingly acute. In China, Tang Cheng gave benefits to Bude and paid little attention to it, so that it was attached to the people and the decree passed. Shang Tang's growing influence attracted the attention of Xia Jie, who once imprisoned Tang in a summer resort. After Shang Tang returned to China, he was still actively preparing for the summer harvest. He called a meeting of governors in Jingbo Lake and declared that he must conquer the Xia Dynasty to carry out the decree of heaven. Later, he took the opportunity to send troops to attack the summer, stating that attacking the summer was an act of god. In the Ming Dynasty, Shi Xia was defeated, Xia Jie ran to Nanchao and died, and Cheng Tang became the first king of Shang Dynasty. After he ascended the throne, he was "lenient to the people" and had a strong national strength. "Poetry. Shang Song. Yanwu recorded the poem "Don't dare to entertain yourself, don't dare to come to the king", which well reflected the grand occasion of Shang Tang period. The founding monarch of Shang was Shang. After the behavior, the name is realized. The first time I lived in Bo, I was Xia Fangbo, specializing in conquering; Xia Jie didn't know, so Tang Xingbing cut it down and put it in the South Nest. Then the world, whose name was Shang, collapsed after thirty years in office (BC 1783 ~ BC 1754). Shang Tang pioneered the conquest of the world by force, which made the history after the Chinese Empire colorful and broke the immutable law of the son of heaven. This is the first reform in China's political history. Zhou and Zhao are tied. They are all sons of Zhou Wenwang and brothers of Zhou Wuwang, and they are famous politicians in the early Zhou Dynasty. Zhou refers to. Because the fief was in Zhou (now northeast of Baoji, Shaanxi), it was called Duke of Zhou. Zhao refers to the name Ji. Because his food city is called Zhao Gong, Zhao Kanggong or Zhao Bo. Duke Zhou, Zhao Gong and King Tai Gong were called "Three Fairs" at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. They helped destroy Yin and Zhou, and divided the land of Shang Dynasty into three parts. Dong refers to Dong Zhongshu and Han refers to Han Yu. Some people think that Dong is Dong Hu and Han is Han Feizi. Some even say that Han refers to Han Xin. The argument here is actually very easy to solve. According to the date of birth of the characters recorded in historical materials, it can be determined that the authors of the top ten thieves are arranged in strict chronological order. Therefore, it can be confirmed that sixteen "benevolent people" came into being, all of which were selected in chronological order. Because "Confucius and Mencius" is the ancestor of Confucianism, "Zhou, Cheng and Zhu" also have a parallel relationship, and they are all famous Confucian scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty. In this way, it can be judged that the identities of Dong and Han are also related to Confucianism. They lived after the Warring States Period (about 372-289 BC) and before the four Confucian masters in the Northern Song Dynasty (such as Zhou Dunyi10/7-1073). Although Han Feizi lived in a qualified era (about 280- 233 BC), it is impossible to find a "Dong" earlier than him, so "Han" does not mean Han Feizi. Dong Hu and Han Xin have nothing to do with Confucianism and can also be excluded. We can be sure that Dong and Han refer to Dong Zhongshu and Han Yu. Although Dong Zhongshu and Han Yu lived in very different times (about 800 years), they are often referred to as a pair in historical materials. Zhou, I'm Zhou Dunyi. Cheng refers to two disciples of Zhou Dunyi: Cheng Hao and. Zhang refers to Zhang Zai, a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Son and nephew Hou was born in a bureaucratic family, his ancestors were from Daliang (now Kaifeng, Henan), and he lived in Hengqu Township, Meixian County, Shaanxi Province, which is why Zhang Zai was called "Mr. Hengqu". Zhang Zai is the founder of Guan Xue School. He gave lectures in Guanzhong area and formed a university school. As one of the schools of Neo-Confucianism, it is the pioneer of Zhu thought. Zhu, Zhu, Zi Hui, Hao Zhong Hui, Hao Hui An, also known as Ziyang. Philosopher and educator in Southern Song Dynasty. Jiangxi Wuyuan (now Jiangxi) people. Father Zhu Song was a contemporary of Yue Fei and Qin Gui. He used to be a junior official of Zhenghe county commandant in Fujian, took his family to his post, and was later transferred to Youxi county commandant. Zhu was born in the fourth year of Jianyan (1 130) and was born in Youxi. Shortly after his birth, his father was promoted to the provincial secretary of the imperial court, but he was expelled from the imperial court for opposing peace in Qin Gui. Zhu Song returned to his hometown in Jianyang, Fujian. Zhu spent his childhood with his father in Jianyang.