Did the imperial doctor Hua Tuo die of his superb medical skills?

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, warlords scuffled, plagues prevailed and people were in dire straits. On the land of China, a generation of imperial doctors was born. Different from other literati, he is addicted to official career and officialdom. He studied medical skills, helped the world and saved the people from fire and water. Be praised as an imperial doctor by later generations. He pioneered surgery under general anesthesia and was known as the master of surgery and the originator of surgery. He was famous all over the world for his superb medical skills, but in the end he was destroyed by a generation of lean Cao Cao because of his superb medical skills. He is the imperial doctor Hua Tuo.

1. He is knowledgeable and has the ambition to be an official. Hua Tuo's characters, also known as Fang. He is from Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). When I was young, I went out to study, visited celebrities all over the world, studied poetry books hard, and familiarized myself with Confucian classics such as classics, history, philosophers and anthologies. Medical practice covers Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and other places. I have worked tirelessly to help the world all my life. Because social customs prevailed at that time, he was unwilling to practice medicine and often regretted it. It can be seen that Hua Tuo is really a scholar in essence. Medical skill is only a tiny part of his knowledge structure. Like most scholars, he hopes that his decent job is to be an official, but he has never found a suitable opportunity. In the early days, Guo Peisi recommended him, and Qiu Huang Wan called him to work, but he refused. Is it because the official position is too small, too far away from its lofty aspirations and deliberately refused? He has really only been walking among the people, saving lives and practicing medicine as his profession, and his reputation is growing day by day.

Second, the medical skill is superb and unprecedented. During his medical career, Hua Tuo learned from others and used them for his own use. He especially worshipped Treatise on Febrile Diseases written by Bian Que, a senior medical sage, and called it a "real person", from which he learned the essence of medicine. Throughout his life's medical practice, first of all, it is commendable that he pioneered Chinese medicine surgery and anesthesia technology.

1, invented general anesthesia drugs. Mafeisan, a magical early general anesthesia drug. Huatuo's primary contribution to Chinese medicine was to invent leprosy powder as a general anesthetic. This is earlier than the anesthesia with nitrous oxide and ether in western countries 1600 years. This is an extremely remarkable invention and contribution. He also innovatively took Mafeisan with wine to enhance the anesthetic effect and speed up the onset time.

The first surgery. He took Mafeisan orally, which made the patient unconscious and achieved anesthetic effect. Unconsciously, the patient underwent laparotomy, and the necrotic intestines were taken out and sutured. A few days later, the patient recovered as before. Now we can't even imagine. More than 2000 years ago, Hua Tuo was really a medical god who dared to think and do, and was brave in innovation and exploration.

Proficient in pharmacology. Hua tuo is very proficient in the nature of Chinese herbal medicine. When he was treating a disease, he used only a few herbs to prepare decoction, and he knew it like the palm of his hand without weighing the weight and proportion of each herb in his mind. Boil the medicine while it is hot, let the patient take it, and inform him of the contraindications or precautions. As soon as the patient took the medicine, Hua Tuo left and recovered. With such amazing technical level.

4 Precision acupuncture. Hua Tuo's acupuncture technique is perfect. If the patient is sick and needs moxibustion, only one or two main acupoints are selected, and only seven or eight moxa sticks are burned at each acupoint, and the pain can often be cured by moxibustion. If the patient needs acupuncture treatment, but only pricks one or two points, when releasing the needle, he said to the patient, "Please tell me when the acupuncture induction extends to a certain place." When the patient said "I already felt it", he immediately picked up the needle and the pain quickly recovered. It can be seen that his mastery of human meridians and acupoints has reached a very precise level, which can reach the magical realm of moxibustion to relieve pain and acupuncture to get rid of diseases.

Invented wuqinxi. Hua Tuo was the first person to put forward sports medicine. He is familiar with the principles of human kinematics. Putting forward the theory of exercise and fitness is the founder of the theory of health preservation. Wuqinxi can imitate the basic movements of five animals as an effective exercise to enhance human health and achieve the expected fitness effect. Until now, Wuqinxi is still a very effective health gymnastics.

Third, accurate diagnosis and prognosis judgment. This is an important part of Hua Tuo's superb medical skills. But in order to explain the cause of Hua Tuo's death, it is necessary to elaborate it separately. Hua Tuo's medical practice is vividly recorded in the History of the Later Han Dynasty and the History of the Three Kingdoms. In addition to his invention of Mafeisan, the first laparotomy and exquisite acupuncture techniques. There are a large number of cases about the diagnosis level and prognosis of Hua Tuo. For example, the wife of Ganling (the name of the vassal) is pregnant for six months and has abdominal pain. Hua tuo checked her pulse and said, "The fetus is dead." Send someone to touch it to determine the location. If it is on the left, it is a baby boy; if it is on the right, it is a baby girl. Someone answered "left", so Hua Tuo was fed soup and his wife miscarried. Sure enough, she gave birth to a baby in the shape of a baby boy, and it will be fine soon.

This is an accurate diagnosis of this disease. Another example is Yin Shi, a county official, who suffers from fever in his hands and feet, dry mouth and difficulty urinating. Hua Tuo said, "Eat while it is hot, and it will be fine if you sweat." If you don't sweat, you will die in three days. "So he immediately cooked hot food effortlessly. Hua Tuo said: "The vitality of the five internal organs has been cut off, and he died after crying. "As Hua Tuo said. Hua tuo not only diagnosed accurately, but also judged the prognosis of the disease very accurately. He said that Yin Shiku, the county magistrate, died within three days, and it happened.

There are also government officials, Ni Xun and Li Yan, who come to see a doctor at the same time. Both of them have headaches and fever, and the symptoms of illness are exactly the same. Hua Tuo said: "Ni Xun should give up evil spirits, and Li Yan should sweat away the disease." Some people question these two different approaches. Hua Tuo replied: "Ni Xun is an exogenous disease, while Li Yan is an endogenous disease, so we should treat it in different ways." Give them medicine separately at once and wait for them to get up together the next morning.

As can be seen from the above examples, Hua Tuo's magical medical skills are based on accurate diagnosis, accurate treatment and accurate prognosis. Judging from his sincere intention and frank attitude towards every patient, he has no selfish ideas about patients. Telling the illness is to hit the nail on the head. If it can be cured, it will be cured. If it can't be cured, it will directly tell the prognosis and never hide it.

Fourth, the death of Hua Tuo. There is no doubt in history that Hua Tuo died at the hands of a generation of lean Cao Cao. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a novel, and it is not credible to say that Hua Tuo was killed by a suspicious Cao Cao because he wanted to dissect Cao Cao's skull to get saliva. It is said in "The History of the Later Han Dynasty Hua Tuo" that Hua Tuo's name is famous far and near, and many people recommend to Cao Cao how brilliant Hua Tuo's medical skills are and how well he handles various intractable diseases. Hang Cao Cao's appetite, and ask Hua Tuo to keep him with Cao Cao. Cao Cao was tortured by head wind pain. Whenever he has an attack, he is mentally disturbed and his eyes are dim. Hua tuo can cure the pain as long as he gives acupuncture.

Although Hua Tuo's medical skill is superb, he can't cure all diseases. From the above-mentioned large number of cases, we can know that if the patient he is facing is a grassroots person, he will definitely speak out his prognosis at the first time. However, when Cao Cao has a headache, his acupuncture can only be relieved, and there is no cure. He must face a generation of fierce Cao Cao who holds the power of life and death. He had to be careful not to make any noise. Cao Cao asked Hua Tuo to stay with him and treat himself. He served in Cao Cao's house for two months. Hua Tuo didn't tell Cao Cao the truth, but said, "Your illness is almost incurable. Persisting in treatment can prolong life. "

On the one hand, Hua Tuo is far away from home for a long time, homesick and wants to go back and have a look. On the other hand, I want to leave this trouble spot early. In case you can't get off the stage and get into trouble. So he said to Cao Cao, "I just received a letter from home, and I just want to go home and stay for a while." Cao Cao had to allow him to go home. After Hua Tuo returned to Cao Fu, he didn't come back for a long time. He used his wife's illness as an excuse, repeatedly asked for an extension of his holiday and refused to come back. Cao Cao wrote several times to ask him to go home, but he refused. Cao Cao also ordered the county to send someone to send Hua Tuo back. Hua tuo refused to go on the road by virtue of his talent and ability. Cao Cao was very angry and sent someone to check: if his wife was really ill, he would give 40 welcome beans to let him have a holiday and relax; If he cheats, arrest him immediately and bring him back.

Because Hua Tuo lied, Hua Tuo was taken to Xuchang prison and tortured for his crimes. Yu Xun pleaded with Cao Cao and said, "Hua Tuo's medical skill is really brilliant, which is related to the safety of people's lives and should be forgiven." Cao Cao said, "Don't worry, there won't be such an incompetent mouse in the world, right?" Hua tuo was finally sentenced to death. After Hua Tuo's death, Cao Cao's headache, as Hua Tuo expected, will definitely not get better. Cao Cao said, "Hua Tuo could have cured this disease. This boy deliberately kept my root cause, hoping to improve his position. In this case, if I don't kill him, he won't cut it off for me in the end. "

5. Analysis of the cause of Hua Tuo's death. In this way, a generation of imperial doctor Hua tuo was buried in the hands of the brave Cao Cao. As for the cause of death, there are also many versions. According to Cao Cao's final evaluation of Hua Tuo, in fact, Cao Cao's evaluation of his medical skills is not high. Cao Cao said, "Don't worry, there won't be such an incompetent mouse in the world, right?" . In Cao Cao's mind, Hua Tuo belongs to incompetent rats. Not worth mentioning. Moreover, it is believed that Hua Tuo deliberately kept the root of the disease, one is to support himself, and the other is to coerce Cao Cao to be an official. Here we can see how deep the misunderstanding between the two people is. Although Hua Tuo has always regretted his medical career, he dare not force him to go to Cao Fu to be an official. If that's the case, Hua Tuo won't have to find an excuse to escape after staying in Cao Fu for two months. Besides, Cao Cao is a talented leader.

The real reason, I think, is that Hua Tuo has seen that Cao Cao's headache can't be cured according to the medical level at that time. Acupuncture can only relieve it temporarily, and the headache will only get worse and worse until he dies. But he can't or can't say. If he says it, it will ruin the signboard of the imperial doctor. He has been carried very high and has to take his own life. After careful consideration, it is the wisest choice to go forward and walk away. But in the end, I still can't escape from Cao Cao's palm. It can be said that Hua Tuo became a doctor because of his medical skills.