Related earth buildings of Hakka earth buildings

Shizhai Tulou, also known as Fanglou, is located in Shizhai Village, Nanque Town, Jiaoling County, Meizhou City. It was built in the Jiajing period at the end of Ming Dynasty by the fifth ancestor of the local Guo family. It lasted for more than 300 years and has been well preserved so far. Shizhai Tulou is a civil structure building, with rammed walls made of soil and sand ash. The building materials are local rocks, loess, Chinese fir, ash, sand and blue tiles. The load-bearing wall of earth building is one meter thick, the trusses are seven meters long, and each eaves tile is one foot wide. The overall layout is unique, the shape is unique and the structure is solid. It has been more than three or four hundred years, and it has been standing. Shizhai Tulou is an ancient Hakka residence with typical local characteristics, which fully shows the style of Hakka living in groups and the spirit of hard struggle, and has important reference value and research value in the history of civil architecture.

Chengde Building, Meijiang District, Meizhou City

Chengde Building, located in the urban area of Meizhou, is the best preserved typical Hakka traditional residence enclosure dragon house in Meizhou. Liang Jiong, the builder of the house, was born in Anding-Zheguiwo, Jiayingfu (now Meizhou), Guangdong. In the 20th century, he was an overseas Chinese leader in Siam (now Thailand) and also engaged in business.

Shidetang, Meixian District, Meizhou City

Shidetang was built by Li Yi, the son of Li Yi, the brother of the late Ming Dynasty. It is located near Tongpa Village 1.5km, Songkou Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City, near the intersection of Meijiang River and Song Yuan River. The house was built in 1645, with a total area of about 7000 square meters. * * * There are 72 patios, 36 halls, 12 gatehouses, 299 rooms and 2 wells. According to legend, Li Shichun built the "Palace of the Last Emperor of the Ming Dynasty" when he returned to China to take refuge with the Prince.

Songyuan Qingyu Building, Meixian District, Meizhou City

Qingyulou is located in Wanxi Village, Song Yuan Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City, at the junction of Meizhou City and Fujian Province. Wanxi Village is located at the southern end of Wuyi Mountain. Qingyu Building was built by descendants of the Chen family in western Anhui. Over the past 200 years, this building has been rich in materials, outstanding people and talented people. Qingyu Building covers an area of 10000 square meters. Combining the structure of Hakka Dragon House with the artistic style of Huizhou architecture, the corridor is waist-folded and the eaves are high. The structure of the house is the middle hall, and there are more than 100 houses around it. In 2008, it was rated as the key cultural heritage protection object in Meizhou City.

Yongding Earth Building

The Hakka earth building hidden in Yongding, Fujian is unique among the traditional houses in China. The caste social characteristics and architectural characteristics of Tulou folk houses are closely related to the history of Hakka people. Hakkas, originally Han Chinese in the Central Plains, were forced to move south due to war, famine and other reasons. By the Southern Song Dynasty, they had traveled to Wan Li for nearly a thousand years and formed a Hakka clan in the border area of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi. In the process of being forced to leave their homes and migrate, they have experienced many hardships, and they all have a deep understanding. Whether they are displaced after a long journey, or they are new to a strange place, many difficulties must be solved by their own solidarity and Qi Xin's concerted efforts. Therefore, wherever they go, their surnames always live together. In this way, the unique architectural form of Hakka dwellings-tulou was formed.

Because most Hakkas live in remote mountainous areas or Mishan, at that time, not only building materials were scarce, wolves, tigers and leopards were noisy, but also they were afraid of local people's harassment, so Hakkas created a "defensive" castle-style building house-Tulou.

The layout of Hakka earth buildings in Yongding is reasonable, which is very similar to the ancient residential buildings in the Yellow River Basin. From the external environment, it is important to choose a place that is away from light and near water as a building site to facilitate life and production. Most construction sites face south, with running water on the left, roads on the right, ponds in front and hills behind; Don't go against the trend, sit north to south, avoid being high before and low after, and avoid facing the pit (avoid rushing); If the building is located in a higher place behind the mountain, then build the building higher or a little farther away from the mountain, which can not only prevent wind and moisture, but also make the building and the mountain configuration harmonious. We not only choose the construction site according to the above three aspects, but also make good use of special areas such as sloping fields and terraces to build all kinds of earth buildings, and even develop them into rugged earth buildings in mountainous areas with distinct levels and spectacular architectural features, such as Yongding ancient bamboo and Chuxi earth buildings. These stresses are undoubtedly closely related to geography, ecology, landscape, architecture, ethics and aesthetics, in other words, to the traditional culture of the Central Plains.

There are more than 8,000 large square and round earth buildings in Yongding County, while there are only 360 round ones. The largest circular building is 82m in diameter, and the smallest is Rusheng Building in Hongkeng Village, with a diameter of17m. The oldest is the "Chengqi Building" in Gaoding Village, which was built in A.D. 1790. At most, there were more than 80 families and more than 600 people living in the building. The most magnificent and representative building is the Sincere Building in Hongkeng Village.

20 1 1, Yongding was rated as an excellent tourist county in Fujian province, and Yongding scenic spot of Fujian Tulou became a national 5A-level tourist scenic spot.

Chengqi tulou

Chengqi Building is located in Gaobei Village, Gaotou Township. It is said that it took three generations and half a century from the foundation stone laying in Chongzhen of Ming Dynasty to the completion in Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. It is large in scale, peculiar in shape, antique and full of strong local flavor. "Four floors, four floors, 400 rooms up and down; Inside and outside the circle, outside the trap circle, it has experienced vicissitudes for 300 years, which is a vivid portrayal of architecture. The diameter of the city building is 73 meters, and the circumference of the corridor is 229.34 meters. The whole building is three circles and one center. The outer ring has four floors, with a height of 16.4m and 72 rooms on each floor. Second floor, 40 rooms on each floor; The third circle is a single floor with 32 rooms, centered on the ancestral hall. There are 400 rooms, 3 doors and 2 wells in the whole building, with a total floor area of 5376.438+07 square meters. There are more than 60 families and 400 people living in the whole building. Chengqi Building, with its tall, thick, rugged and majestic architectural style and elegant plastic arts in gardens and courtyards, is integrated with the poetic and picturesque meaning of mountains and rivers, which has amazed countless tourists. Taiwan Province Lilliputian and Shenzhen splendid china both have building models. 198 1 was included in the dictionary of places of interest in China, and it is known as the "king of earth buildings", competing with China places of interest such as the Temple of Heaven in Beijing and the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. 1986 China's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued a series of stamps on China's residential buildings, among which Fujian's residential stamps were based on Chengqi Building and were rated as the best stamps of the year in Japan.