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Universe Encyclopedia Business Card Universe: Lovely autumn scenery. Scientific name: Cosmos bipinnatus Cav, alias: autumn cherry, cosmopolitan family: Compositae, autumn English cosmopolitan millet, plant height 30 ~ 120cm, erect and slender stems, many branches, smooth or slightly hairy stems. The single leaf is opposite, about 10 cm long, bipinnately divided, the lobes are narrow and linear, and the whole margin is toothless. The flower heads are inserted on slender pedicels, terminal or axillary, and the flower stems are 5-8cm. The general contractor is equipped with two layers, and the edge of the inner layer is film-like. Tongue-shaped flowers are L-shaped, with serrated tips and 8 petals, which are white, pink and crimson. Tubular flowers occupy the Shenyang part of the disk, all of which are yellow. Achene is a rafter, the seed life is 3~4 years, and the dry grain weight is 69. Flowers bloom in summer and autumn. Chinese name: cosmos. Other names: autumn shadow, cosmos, autumn shadow, Gesanghua, Bapetamei, Plantagenet: Compositae: autumn British English name: Garden cosmos origin: Mexican flower language: forever happy directory [hidden] basic information morphological characteristics geographical distribution Garden uses breeding methods to cultivate and manage key points to preserve cultural legends related to disease prevention and control.

[Edit this paragraph] Basic information Flower sending etiquette: put all kinds of cosmos and several kinds of grapes into a glass salad plate. White and pink ribbons are tied on the plate. Cosmos (figure 1)Cosmos's scientific name means beauty and harmony. Originally short-day plants, there are autumn flowers, but now there are many varieties of early flowers, and the colors are red, yellow, pink, white and colorful. [Edit this paragraph] Morphological characteristics: cosmos (Figure 2) is millet, with a plant height of 30 ~ 120 cm, an upright and slender stem with many branches, and smooth or slightly hairy stems. The single leaf is opposite, about 10 cm long, bipinnately divided, the lobes are narrow and linear, and the whole margin is toothless. The flower heads are inserted on slender pedicels, terminal or axillary, and the flower stems are 5-8cm. The general contractor is equipped with two layers, and the edge of the inner layer is film-like. Tongue-shaped flowers are L-shaped, with serrated tips and 8 petals, which are white, pink and crimson. Tubular flowers occupy the central part of the disk and are all yellow. Achene rafters have a seed life of 3-4 years and a flowering period of summer and autumn. Horticultural varieties include cosmos albiflora, cosmos grandiflora and cosmos purpurea. Horticultural varieties are divided into two systems: early flowering and late flowering, and there are also single petals and double petals. Growth habits: like light, resistant to barren soil, avoid chemical fertilizer, over-fertilized soil, avoid high temperature, avoid stagnant water, not suitable for summer high temperature, not cold. It needs loose, fertile and well-drained loam. [Edit this paragraph] Geographical distribution It is planted all over the country, mainly for greening and beautifying, and it is planted more in northern areas. The quality of seeds produced in Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province is good. [Edit this paragraph] Garden cosmos: lovely and lovely autumn scenery. Cosmos (Figure 3) Cosmos is tall, with elegant leaves and rich colors, including red, white, pink and purple. Suitable for placing reading glasses, as a background material planted on the edge of grass, around trees and on the roadside, which is quite interesting. Double petals can be used as cut flowers. Suitable as background material for flower border, it can also be planted beside fences, rocks, cliffs, tree altars or houses. [edit this paragraph] propagation method cosmos (fig. 4) sowing or cutting propagation. Persian chrysanthemum breeds with seeds. Generally, it is sown in early spring and blooms in May-June. From August to September, the climate is hot, rainy and short of flowers. After the cool autumn, it continued to bloom until the first frost. If you sow in July and August, it will bloom in June at 5438+ 10, and the plants will be short and tidy. The seeds of the universe have the ability to sow themselves. Once planted, a large number of self-sown seedlings will be born in the future. With a little protection, they can bloom as usual. Seeding can be done in the open field in mid-April, and seedlings can be unearthed in about 6 ~ 7 days if the temperature is suitable. Cutting propagation is feasible in the growing period. The strong branches with 65,438 0.5 cm left under the node are cut into sandy loam, and can take root in 5 ~ 6 days under suitable shade and humidity. Spring sowing in April, rapid germination, 7- 10 days after sowing. It can also be propagated by cutting and take root in 15- 18 after cutting. Transplanting 4-5 seedlings with true leaves, coring, or sowing directly after thinning. If basal fertilizer is applied to the planting area, there is no need to apply fertilizer during the growing period. The soil is too rich, the branches and leaves are white and long, and the flowering is reduced. It is not easy to blossom and bear fruit during high temperature in July and August. Seeds are easy to fall off when they are ripe, so they should be harvested in the morning. Cosmos is a short-day plant. Spring seedlings often have fewer leaves and fewer flowers, while summer seedlings are short and neat, and bloom constantly. [Edit this paragraph] Cultivation and management of cosmos (Figure 5) Cosmos is strong, sunny, drought-tolerant, and has low requirements for soil, but it cannot accumulate water. If planted in fertile soil, it is easy to cause the branches and leaves to grow white and affect the flowering quality. Transplant the seedlings when they are 5 cm high, plant them when they have 7-8 leaves, or sow them directly. If basal fertilizer is applied to the planting area, there is no need to apply fertilizer during the growing period. The soil is too rich, the branches and leaves are white and long, and the flowering is reduced. Or smear the decomposed urine with 5 times of water every 10 day during the growth period. Watering for 2 ~ 3 times in dry weather can grow and bloom well. It is not easy to blossom and bear fruit during high temperature in July and August. Seeds are easy to fall off when they are ripe, so they should be harvested in the morning. Cosmos is a short-day plant. Spring seedlings tend to have fewer leaves and fewer flowers, while summer seedlings are short and tidy, and they bloom constantly. It grows rapidly and can be enucleated many times to increase branches. Cosmos plants are tall, so when planted in the windward side, columns should be set to prevent lodging and breaking. Generally, more dwarf plants are cultivated, that is, when the seedling height is 20 ~ 30cm, the top is removed, and then the new terminal buds are removed several times in succession to dwarf the plants; At the same time, it also increases the number of flowers. A small amount of base fertilizer should be applied to the nursery. Seed collection is suitable for picking achenes when they are slightly dark, so as not to be scattered after maturity. Cultivation: the variety needs short-day treatment at seedling stage to bloom normally, and the suitable sowing date should be mastered; Suitable for direct seeding or seedling raising in the wild; Sowing and covering soil is about 1cm, and seedling emergence is about 5- 10 days; Immediately transplant 5-6 true leaves of seedlings with a spacing of 30-50 cm. During the growth period, remove the core, promote branching, control it too high, and avoid lodging in the later period. The requirements for soil are not strict, but it cannot accumulate water, is not cold-resistant, and avoids extreme heat. Fertile soil [Edit this paragraph] Maintenance points Propagation: sowing or cutting propagation. Cutting can also be used in summer. Sowing cosmos (Figure 6) in late March and early April, sowing in the open seedbed. The ground temperature can germinate at the lower temperature of 15℃, but if it is sown early, it will grow into a giant plant with a height of 2 meters, which is easy to fall down due to the typhoon or the weight of the plant. There are also early-flowering varieties, which bloom 50-70 days after sowing, so sowing should be divided into early flowers and autumn flowers. Management: like warm and humid sunshine, slightly resistant to early frost, and not strict with soil requirements. Seedlings should be transplanted when the height is 5 cm, and planted when the leaves are 7-8. The requirements for fertilizer and water are not strict, and 5 times of decomposed urine is applied every 10 day during the growing period. High school varieties need upright posts before flowering to prevent wind disaster lodging. It grows rapidly and can be enucleated many times to increase branches. Red spider is easy to occur in hot weather, so it should be prevented as soon as possible. If planted in late July to early August, it will bloom in 50-60 days, and the plants will be short and tidy, which is suitable for National Day. When the seeds are mature, the inflorescences with large flowers and bright colors can be cut off and dried for seed storage. In order to cultivate dwarf and lodging-resistant cosmos, the following countermeasures should be taken: ① sow in late July. (2) After spring sowing, when it grows to 40-50 cm, pick the heart and let the axillary buds blossom. ③ Erect short bamboo pillars as soon as possible. Diseases and hazards: countermeasures must be taken against mold, aphid and spider mite. Spraying benomyl on mold and Ortholland granules on pests. How to prevent cosmos from lodging (Figure 7) Cosmos is tall and sparse, with large and beautiful flowers, but it often lodging, and the scenery is great. The following measures can be taken to prevent cosmos from lodging: ① Sow in July and August. During this period, the sown universe 10 can blossom in 10, and the plants are short and tidy. 2 choose the heart. In the growing period of cosmos, it is necessary to pick the heart many times, on the one hand, it can dwarf the whole plant, on the other hand, it can promote germination and branching to increase the number of flowers. ③ Apply less fertilizer and water. Too much fertilizer and water can easily cause plants to grow white and lodging, and flowers are scarce. [Edit this paragraph] Picking fresh-keeping cosmos (Figure 8) Picking cut flowers at the pedicel of cosmos. Buds can be harvested when they are half open to full bloom, and the operation is best carried out when the temperature is low in the morning. Products should be put into barrels immediately and precooled as soon as possible. The flowers collected by classification should be classified on the premise of typical characteristics of varieties, no damage, no pollution and good visual effect: the length of first-class cut flowers is about 60 cm; The length of the second cut flower is about 50 cm; The length of tertiary cut flowers is about 40 cm. The difference in the length of cut flowers of the same grade shall not exceed the standard 2 cm. Packing: 10 peduncles of the same grade and variety are bound and fixed into bundles, which are respectively packed into corrugated boxes with film lining, air holes and product names. Fresh-keeping management The cut flowers of cosmos are not resistant to storage and transportation, and they are temporary cut flowers. Usually use it now, do not need long-term storage, and use it as soon as possible after harvest. When the storage period is treated according to the above methods, the peduncle of cosmos can be stored for 1 ~ 2 days, without affecting the decorative effect. [Edit this paragraph] The main pests and diseases in disease control are often harmed by leaf spot and powdery mildew. You can spray wine with 500 times of 50% topcloth wettable powder. Insect pests are caused by aphids and scarabs, and spraying 10% insecticide EC 2500 times. Red spider is easy to occur in hot weather, so it should be prevented as soon as possible. [Edit this paragraph] Regarding culture, Huayu is cosmos-a girl's heart. The girl is pure and proud, mysterious, clean, noble, first love, free, and cosmos (Figure 9) is hearty. Eternal Happy Cosmopolitan (white): Pure Cosmopolitan (red): Passionate Cosmopolitan originated in Mexico, and it was not until Columbus discovered the New World that the aristocratic ladies in Europe realized this lovely flower. The crew picked the seeds and took them back to Europe for planting. Because of its beautiful appearance and easy cultivation, it quickly extended from the garden to the countryside and mountains, and took root and sprouted in the European continent. In addition, cosmos has conquered the hearts of botanists. Its scientific name is Cosmos, and its original meaning in Greek has positive significance such as universe, harmony, order, reputation and good deeds. It can be seen that the namer really loves it. It is said that European girls often attach a big universe to their love letters. A flower, loaded with many girls' thoughts in Seeds of Love, is full of expectation, anxiety hidden in joy and countless question marks "Does he love me or not?" . So the flower language of cosmos is: the innocence of a girl. Christianity has the habit of associating saints with specific flowers since ancient times, because the church often decorates the altar with blooming flowers when commemorating saints! In medieval Catholic monasteries, flowers were planted like gardening centers. Over time, the church mixed 366-day saints with different flowers to form a so-called flower calendar. Most of the monasteries at that time were located in southern Europe, which belonged to the Mediterranean climate and was very suitable for planting flowers and plants. The Great Universe, belonging to Compositae, was chosen to be dedicated to Saint Felicity, the dean of the 8th century Oxford Buddhist Temple. He is widely known for his great contributions to Oxford City and Oxford University. He has made great contributions to the development of Oxford and Oxford University, and can be said to be the patron saint of learning. So its flower language is-academic, or-happy forever. [Edit this paragraph] It is said that Princess Universe, the youngest daughter of the King of the Universe, is a witch. She told Fortune that she will always be a lonely person. This is the strongest curse in the universe, and no one can break it. Therefore, the Princess Universe lives alone in the Princess Castle. Princess cosmo spent a long time alone in the castle, doing it at sunrise and resting at sunset every day. She was always alone. Loneliness is always eroding her heart, especially at night, because the night is always long and difficult. She often sits on the swing in the garden at night and cries alone. Finally, after a long time, a knight from far away passed by the princess castle and saw the princess of the universe alone. This is a gorgeous encounter. The knight and the princess fell in love at first sight, and they fell in love. Here comes the Happy Ferris wheel, and the curse of Princess Universe has been lifted.