The first day of history question 3

Students: (Students speak enthusiastically) express their opinions (through this question, students can deeply understand the characteristics of diet in Song Dynasty and pay attention to distinguish the differences between North and South)

Teacher: (Showing slides) The wind of drinking tea in Song Dynasty, especially the custom of "fighting tea", prevailed for a while. Tea fighting in Song Dynasty gradually surpassed the category of material enjoyment, with beautiful environment, exquisite utensils and proper operation, which made it an artistic creation and appreciation activity and spread to Japan and other countries, and evolved into a tea ceremony. It can be said that China's tea fighting in Song Dynasty "nurtured Japanese tea ceremony culture". This is the tea culture that we are proud of, and we should carry it forward.

Teacher: (slide show) jingle-the Song Dynasty was full of weather, food, clothing, housing and transportation were more eye-catching, and the customs were interesting and refreshing. (This leads to the costumes of the Song Dynasty) Please enjoy the costumes exhibition of past dynasties (a set of slides).

Teacher: After enjoying the costume exhibitions of past dynasties, please analyze and summarize the characteristics of Song Dynasty costumes from the following three aspects: 1, historical development characteristics; 2. The characteristics of national integration; 3. The characteristics of vulgar thoughts.

Health: (discussing with each other) Go ahead. ...

Teacher: (Summarize and show the slides) 1. Characteristics of historical development: advocating simplicity → prevailing luxury II. Characteristics of ethnic integration: influenced by northern minorities 3. Vulgar ideological characteristics: abnormal aesthetics-foot-binding (about "foot-binding", presenting slides-teachers can tell students the origin of foot-binding and let students discuss it, so as to illustrate the values of the ruling class at that time.

Teacher: Through the induction and summary of the characteristics of costumes in the Song Dynasty, we should understand: 1. The historical changes of costume characteristics in the Song Dynasty, from simplicity in the early years to luxury in the late years, on the one hand illustrate the development of social economy, on the other hand, it also illustrates the gradual decay of the ruling class. Secondly, the costumes of the Song Dynasty clearly reflected the influence of ethnic minorities. This is the result of long-term ethnic exchanges and ethnic integration, and cultural exchanges between ethnic groups have played a role in enriching people's material and cultural life.

Teacher: (expanding knowledge-slide show) The color and official position of official uniforms in Song Dynasty: purple-more than three categories; Zhu-more than five products; Green-more than seven products; Green-nine categories or above: (Guide students to talk about the characteristics of modern clothing, because people's aesthetics are different in different times, people's concepts have changed since the reform and opening up, clothing colors are rich and colorful, life is colorful and so on. )

Teacher: The change of life is also reflected in the living environment. Let's learn about the living conditions of people in the Song Dynasty (slide show) and observe which social class people lived in. What are the characteristics of these houses?

Health: Houses of farmers, houses of urban residents and houses of dignitaries. ……

Teacher: For ordinary people, they can't afford to build luxurious houses, so almost all rural houses are made of thatch. The living conditions in the city are slightly better, which is generally a combination of tile-roofed houses and thatched houses. In contrast, aristocratic and bureaucratic mansions are luxurious, especially in Suzhou and Hangzhou, where private gardens abound. The biggest feature of garden architecture is the ingenious integration of artificial beauty and natural beauty. In the limited space, the natural landscape and human landscape are concentrated. Nowadays, in the process of economic development, urban transformation and construction, should we keep those ancient buildings?

Health: (discuss with each other)-Enhance the awareness of protecting historical and cultural heritage.

Teacher: (Easy moment) Please guess a riddle: self-contradiction-type a place name in Song Dynasty ()

Health: Lin 'an

Teacher: Yes, the most lively festival in Lin 'an is the festival. What are the important festivals in Song Dynasty?

Health: Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.

Teacher: (showing slides) Please look for the custom of the Northern Song New Year reflected in this poem. Do you still have these customs in your hometown? What are the similarities and differences between today's Spring Festival and New Year's Day in the Song Dynasty?

Health: ...

Teacher: As an important traditional festival in the Song Dynasty, many essence parts have been passed down to this day. Lantern Festival is celebrated on the first15th day of the first month every year. Let's look at flash animation-the origin of Lantern Festival-Lantern Festival is the biggest folk festival in China after the Spring Festival. "Yuan" means the beginning and "Xiao" means the night. Because this festival is celebrated on the 15th night of the first lunar month, it is called Lantern Festival. Lantern Festival is also called Lantern Festival, because the city will be filled with all kinds of lanterns for people to enjoy. There is a beautiful folklore about the origin of the Lantern Festival. More than two thousand years ago, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had a wise minister named Dong Fangshuo. Dong Fangshuo saw a maid-in-waiting crying in the emperor's garden. Dong Fangshuo felt very strange and asked her, "What's your name? Why are you crying so sad? " The maid-in-waiting said, "My name is Yuanxiao. I haven't been home for a long time. I miss my parents very much. " In ancient times, except for emperors and ministers, most people could not go in and out of the palace at will. Dong Fangshuo said, "Don't worry, I can help you." The next day, Dong Fangshuo dressed up as a fortune teller and said to all the fortune tellers, "You are in trouble! On the fifteenth day of the first month, Vulcan will set fire to you! " "What can I do! Help us! " On the thirteenth day of the first month, Vulcan in the sky will dress up as a girl in red. You have to find her. She can save you. People believed Dong Fangshuo's words and planned to look for this mysterious woman in the whole city on the 13th day of the first month. After returning home, Dong Fangshuo told a maid about her plan. On the thirteenth day of the first month, the servant girl wore a red dress and rode a donkey. Soon, she was walking slowly in the street. Everyone found Vulcan and immediately surrounded her. Vulcan unhurriedly took out a letter from his pocket and said, "This is the jade emperor's instruction. Give it to the emperor and you will be saved. " Everyone sent the letter to the palace at once. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy to hear that it was written by the Jade Emperor, but when he opened the letter, he immediately fainted. It turned out that this letter said, "You are in trouble! On the fifteenth day of the first month, Vulcan will set fire to you! " When Emperor Wu of Han woke up, he quickly called Dong Fangshuo and asked him for help. Dong Fangshuo said, "I have a good idea. Please make a red lantern for every household in the city, hang it on the street on the fifteenth day of the first month, and then invite the whole city to come out to enjoy the lantern at night. You and the people in the palace should also go to the street and mix with others, so that Vulcan will not find you. " Hearing this, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty immediately followed this method. On the fifteenth night of the first month, the whole city was covered with beautiful lanterns, and people in the palace also came out to enjoy the lanterns. The maid-in-waiting Yuanxiao also took this opportunity to go home and reunite with her parents. That night, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very happy that there was no fire on him, so he ordered that lanterns should be enjoyed all over the country on the fifteenth night of the first month of each year. This is the origin of the Lantern Festival. Besides the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, the traditional Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival were also held in the Song Dynasty. No matter what festivals people celebrate, they will go to an entertainment place. Guess where it is.

Health: wretched

Teacher: (Showing the slide of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival) With the development of social production, people's quality of life improved, and the demand for cultural and recreational activities increased in the Song Dynasty. In the bustling street, you can see not only many shops, but also many entertainment places. In the Song Dynasty, entertainment places were called tiles. The appearance of Wazi means that the cultural and entertainment life of the whole society has reached a new level. The appearance of Wazi and Goulan is the result of the prosperity of commodity economy, the expansion of city scale and the development of citizen class. Wazi is not only an entertainment center but also a commercial center. Entertainment and business activities are carried out at the same time, so it is also called tile market. The fixed performance place set in the tile is called "Goulan". There is a stage, a backstage and an audience. There are hooks in each tile, ranging from one or two to more than a dozen. It can accommodate thousands of people at most. What entertainment programs are on in these entertainment places?

Health: There are acrobats, football players, martial arts actors and opera actors.

Teacher: (Showing slides) Here is the Zaju of the Song Dynasty: Zaju of the Song Dynasty is a comprehensive opera composed of funny performances, songs and dances and Zaju. Later, the northern zaju gradually developed into Yuan zaju, and the southern zaju gradually developed into Southern Opera. To reproduce history is to understand: first, from the origin, the appearance of wretched is the result of urban prosperity, commercial development and the expansion of the ranks of citizens; Secondly, from the content of Wazi, it has both material life and, more importantly, spiritual life, which reflects the expansion of commercial activities in the Song Dynasty. It can really be described as "a metropolis with multi-level citizens in the Song Dynasty, entertaining Shang Yexing's' wretched', singing and kicking gymnasiums in various ways, and the market is prosperous".

[course summary]

Teacher: Song Dynasty is a dynasty with prosperous economy, developed commerce, rising cities and rich citizens' culture in Chinese history. This lesson learned about the richness of material life, colorful entertainment and festivals in the Song Dynasty, and showed us the colorful social outlook of the Song Dynasty. We also get enlightenment from the study of this lesson: under the condition of rich material life in modern society, we should establish a sense of urgency, be prepared for danger in times of peace and cultivate a sense of social responsibility.

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