The Main Characters and Related Plots in The Scholars

The novel was written in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty ("Wedge"), which lasted about 248 years. The text starts from the second time, and the story takes place at the end of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, about 120 years away from the "wedge"; At the end of the 55th story of "Sike", it happened in the 23rd year of Wanli, 21 years away from "AIA". After the rise and fall of a dynasty.

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Wang Mian, the son of a farmer in Zhuji, Zhejiang Province, became a self-taught student. Because he didn't want to share the trouble with the magistrate and the squire, he avoided selling paintings in Jinan, Shandong Province for a living. Half a year later, the Yellow River burst its banks and the people were displaced. Wang Mian returned to his hometown. Soon, my mother died of illness. Another year passed, and the world was in chaos. The prince of Wu settled the national treasure and went to see Wang Mian and asked him how to level the world.

A few years later, the king of Wu founded Daming, and the Ministry of Rites agreed to select scholars with the eight-part essay of the Four Books, Five Classics and Eight Writings. Therefore, Wang Mian predicted that "a generation of literati will be in trouble", so he took refuge in Kuaiji Mountain in time. At the end of Chenghua, Xue Jiaji of Wenshang County, Yanzhou, Shandong Province set up a school in Kannonji, and Xia Zongjia recommended Zhou to teach. As a old boys, Zhou Jin was laughed at by the scholar Mei Jiu, looked down on Wang Hui and felt infinite humiliation. A year later, I lost my house, but I was full of resentment.

When my sister Zhang Jinyou went to the provincial capital to keep accounts for businessmen, she went swimming in Hiram's Hospital. Seeing the signboard, she was furious and went to sleep, unconscious. Later, he was sponsored by businessmen and donated to the prison to take the exam. He was awarded the position of juren and scholar, made a suggestion and ordered to go to Guangdong to study Taoism. He selected a 54-year-old boy, Jin Fan, as the examiner in Nanhai and Shu Fan counties.

Soon, Jin Fan passed the juren exam again, but he was ecstatic and woke up to find that her husband was a butcher. Fan Mu also died of joy. Persuaded by the squire Zhang Jingyi, Fan Jinnai followed him to the autumn wind in Feng Tang, and became a house master and magistrate in Gaoyao. When they were waiting to see the Tang county magistrate, the squire came again.

Yan was accused of going to the county because she was rampant in the village. Unexpectedly, the magistrate of a county in Tang was allowed to go out of the mountain, and Yan had to avoid the provincial capital. The county sent someone to find his brother, Guo-zi-jian diploma Yan Dayu. Yan Jiansheng was timid and found Yu Wangshengde and two uncles to go to court. Soon, Yan Jiansheng's wife, Wang, became seriously ill and spent a lot of money to help her two uncles straighten Aunt Zhao. Later, Wang died.

The wedding and funeral cost a total of four or five thousand two hundred pieces of silver. Yan Jiansheng is very dull and angry, and he has a chronic disease, so that he can't afford to get sick. Since then, Aunt Zhao's only son has died, and Yan seized his brother's property and started a lawsuit.

At this point, Zhou Jin has been promoted to imperial academy, and his disciple Jin Fan has also been sent to Shandong to study Taoism. On the day of Jin Fan's appointment, Zhou Jin was entrusted by Xun Mei, a student in Xue Jiaji Lecture Hall. He Zheng and Wang Hui joined the ranks of scholars. Unexpectedly, Xun Mei's mother died while the imperial court was trying to choose themes and Taoism. Wang Hui advised him to seek love. After being rejected, he returned to his hometown and kept the system.

Wang Hui went to Nanchang as a magistrate and handed over his official position to Jing Yu, the son of his predecessor, Taishouyou. Later, he was promoted to Nangan Road. He met the rebellion in Wang Ning and Wang Hui surrendered.

When Wang Hui was captured and fled to Wuzhen, Zhejiang, he met Guo Gongsun, the son of Ji Jingyu. Sun gave him two hundred and twenty pieces of silver and a pillow box. Sun found a high-definition collection of autumn poems in the pillow box, engraved with his own "supplement" name. Since then, he has been regarded as a young celebrity. Lou Lou and Lou Zan of Huzhou invited Lu to make it up. Lu made it up and met Mi Gongsun at the table, so he promised his daughter and grandson.

Soon, Lu Bian and Chi You died one after another, and Gong Sun's heart of celebrities was also restrained, and he met Ma Chun, who selected articles in Wenhailou.

At this point, the official escaped with the girl Shuanghong. After being arrested, at the instigation of the police, "criminal" Wang Hui threatened to sue Chi Gongsun. Fortunately, before closing the case, Ma Chun repaired and redeemed the pillowcase with all the parcels. Ma Chun left Jiaxing for Hanwen Mansion and Hangzhou Bookstore. The West Lake in the upper reaches of Ma Chun helped Kuang, a young man with China characteristics.

After returning home, Kuang Chaoren learned about Li Benying's knowledge and became a scholar. Unexpectedly, Li Benying was falsely accused. Under the leadership of Pan, Kuang Superman went to Hangzhou to defect to his younger brother Pan San. From then on, Kuang Superman got to know Jing Lanjiang, Zhao Xue, Zhi Jianfeng and Pu, famous people in the West Lake, and toured the West Lake around Hu and wrote poems. Pan Sanze advised him not to get along with these people and instructed him to forge documents to take the exam for others.

So, Kuang Superman also accumulated a lot of money and married the daughter of his father Zheng. After Li Benying's case was solved, he was promoted and sent for him. At this time, Pan San has been taken away. After receiving Li Benying's letter, Superman Kuang sent his wife to Yueqing countryside and went to Beijing alone. Originally, Zheng died of illness, which was his wish. Married, he went to the north by boat, where he met Feng Zhuoan and Niu Buyi.

When the boat arrived in Yangzhou, Feng and Kuang changed the boat to the north, but Niu Buyi took a river boat to Wuhu and stayed in Kanroji. I didn't expect that he couldn't afford to get sick, and the old monk managed the affairs for him.

One night, Niu Pulang, a little boy who lives nearby, came to buddhist nun to study. The old monk wanted to show him the manuscript of Niu Buyi's poem. He couldn't wait and stole it first. Soon after the old monk entered Beijing, he simply pretended to be a cow cloth and swindled. Dong Ying, the new magistrate of a county, came to worship and said goodbye in a hurry.

From then on, Niu Pulang learned to be a snob and was at odds with the Bu brothers of the Yue family. Instead, I went to Anton County to take refuge in Dong Ying. On the way, they met Niu Yupu, who is recognized as their grandparents and grandchildren. Niu Yupu took him to the home of Li Lianzhai, a salt merchant in Yangzhou. Niu Pulang was snubbed by Niu Yupu because he fell into the pond. It happened that he heard about the origin of Wan Xuezhai from the director of Woods Palace and deliberately induced Niu Yupu to say it in public, so he was resigned from Wan Xuezhai.

Knowing that he had been cheated, Niu Yupu beat Niu Pulang and threw him on the river bank. Niu Pulang was rescued by a passing yellow guest and went to Anton with him. He was also adopted by Huang Ke. At this time, Dong Ying was about to be promoted, but she explained to her successor, Xiang Ding, and asked him to take care of Niu Pulang. Unexpectedly, the real Niubu wife came to find her husband and reported it to the county.

Because he solved this headless lawsuit, he was taken to the governor's house, but he was saved by a player under the governor's door. Soon, Bao returned to Nanjing to return to his old job and was promoted to Anqing Prefecture. He passed by Nanjing, approached Wen Qing, invited his father and son to meet at the yamen, gave him money, and married his son Tingxi.

Soon, Xiang Ding was promoted to Zhang Ting Road in Fujian, while Wen Qing returned to Nanjing and died of a serious illness. Tingxi couldn't get the favor of his adoptive mother, so he went to Suzhou to find his brother, but his brother died. Later, I went to Yangzhou and took refuge in Xiao. Since then, I have met a group of celebrities in Yangzhou, such as Xin Dongzhi and Liu Helai. After returning to Nanjing, he took refuge in Du's door.

Du invited more than 100 classes in Nanjing as the leading role, and the high meeting was Mochou Lake. Later, Bao Tingxi asked him for help, but Du introduced him to Tianchang's own brother.

Du is generous, extremely filial and can't manage the family. His family Wang colluded with Zhang Tiearm and others to defraud his property, and Bao Tingxi also took the opportunity to ask for 100 more than two taels of silver. Soon, her fortune will be exhausted. She listened to the advice of the old housekeeper's building and moved to Nanjing, where she met the celebrities gathered in Nanjing. Shao Qing and his wife travel in Liang Qingshan and live freely.

I didn't expect the governor to recommend him as a learned man, so I had to go to Anqing to thank him personally and give a speech, but Li refused. After returning, Li sent someone to urge him to resign by pretending to be ill. At this time, Chi Hengshan was proposing to rebuild Taibo Hall, and Du, Zhuang Shaoguang and others agreed to attend the ceremony, and it was presumed that Dr. Yu Yude from Nanjing imperial academy would be the main sacrifice.

After a long period of preparation, the first day of April was chosen to hold a ceremony to worship the shrine. Celebrities and scholars from Nanjing gathered in various places to participate in the grand event, and the people of Nanjing also crowded together to watch. After the visit, all the participants dispersed again. At this time, Guo Xiaozi, who had been looking for his father for 20 years, came to Nanjing again. Nanjing celebrities headed by Du Shao did not neglect Wang Hui because he was his son. They praised his filial piety, sponsored him with money, and helped him find his father in Shaanxi and Sichuan.

In buddhist nun, outside the capital city, Wang Hui refused to recognize her son. Soon, Wang Hui died of illness. Guo Xiaozi went home with his bones on his back. On the way, I met Xiao Yunxian and persuaded him to work for the court. My father also asked him to join the army in Pingshaobao.

Under Ping Shaobao's account, Yunxian led the troops to recover Qingfeng City, and then built city walls, built water conservancy projects, reclaimed fields and opened schools. Later, I went to Tianfu to be a Jianghuai garrison, so I met Yu Yide and other Nanjing celebrities. When crossing the river, he met Shen Danian who had taught in Qingfeng City at Yangzhou Wharf.

Shen Danian wants to send her daughter Qiongzhi to Yangzhou Song's home to get married. I'm afraid Song was treated as a concubine, and Qiongzhi fled to Nanjing alone to make a living by writing poems and embroidery. When Jiangdu sent someone to arrest her, she was telling Mrs. Du her story, and finally she was taken to Jiangdu.

On the boat, a man went to Yangzhou with two bitches. As soon as the man got home, Mr. Liu Tang, Tang Zhentai's nephew, wandered around and seduced Tang Zhentai's two sons, Tang You and Tang Shi, to drink in a brothel. Tang You, after having obtained the township test, went to his father's town, which coincided with the Miao people's insurrection. When Tang played, he was asked to settle down, but he was called down to the third level. Father and son went back to their hometown together.

Tang Zhentai gave his son a special education, but he refused and went to Wuwei Prefecture for the autumn wind.

Unexpectedly, private affairs and human lives happened, because Guan Wen mistakenly wrote "Gong Sheng is in it", but for his brother's sake, he started a lawsuit in a daze. Yute went to Nanjing again to get together with Du and other sages, but soon Yude went to Zhejiang, and Yute returned to Wuhe, where he was invited by Huaxuan to educate his son, and Xuanxuan was elected as the discipline of Huizhou government.

Wang Yun, an old scholar, came to learn from his master, and Yute valued him very much. Wang Yun once encouraged his third daughter to be martyred. Later, she felt sad and went to Nanjing to play. In Nanjing, accompanied by Deng Zhifu, he went to Taibo Temple to pay his respects, but he didn't see a group of celebrities in Nanjing.

Soon, Wu Shu returned to Nanjing and wanted to pay a return visit to Deng Zhifu, but he was invited as a guest by Gao Hanlin. The guest is a Chinese book, but it is a fake Chinese book. After the story was revealed, with the help of Feng Si's father, Qin Zhongshu donated a real Chinese book.

Grandpa Feng sent Wan Zhongshu back to Zhejiang, and asked Hang Youchen to take back the plate he owed to Nanjing, but Chen was cheated back by Mao Erhu. Wind four dad came forward to get back the money for him and returned to Nanjing to return to Qin Zhongshu. Qin Zhongshu and Master Chen Si are fooling around in a prostitute's office.

Soon, Qin Zhongshu went to Beijing to fill the vacancy, and Master Chen went to Fujian to find his cousin Xu Jiugong. The pious woman forced the bride to shave her head. Chen's son has also become a monk, but he is arguing with him, who is also a fortune teller. At this time, several strange people came to the Nanjing well: Xia Ji who wrote, Wang Tai who sold paper and fire cones, Gaikuan who opened a teahouse, and Yuan Jing who was a tailor. They are different from the celebrities who have appeared before.

Second, the introduction of characters

1, Wang Mian

Wang Mian is a real figure in history, and the author adapted it accordingly. Wang Mian plays an important role in this novel. In the characterization of the whole novel, he laid the basic characteristics of the author's ideal character. As Hui Mu said, "It is said that the wedge is applied to Dayi Chen, and the whole text is hidden in celebrities." As a scholar and a "celebrity", Wang Mian embodies the spirit of China scholars.

2. Zhou Jin

Zhou Jin was originally a teacher and was very keen on the imperial examinations. It's a pity that he is over sixty years old and doesn't even have a scholar. On one occasion, he and his brother-in-law came to Gong Yuan, the examination room in the provincial capital, and were heartbroken. They hit the board and passed out. When he woke up, he was filled with grief and could not be relieved. He just rolled around crying.

This scene was seen by several businessmen. Out of sympathy, they pooled their money to help the poor old man donate a diploma of Guo Jian Zi. Zhou Jin exultation, kowtow to give thanks. Later, as a supervisor, he won a scholarship and was awarded an official position in Guangdong.

3. Jin Fan

Fan Jinshi is over 50 years old, and he didn't even get in as a scholar. His family is poor. In the twelfth month, he was still wearing a light coat and shivering with cold. Although the climate in Guangdong is warm, the temperature in December is not high.

When Zhou Jin saw him, he remembered his own terrible years. Under mutual appreciation, he was admitted to a scholar, and later to a juren, so he staged a crazy farce of "Fan Jin".

4. Strict harmony

Yan is a strict supervisor. According to the provisions of the Yongzheng Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, the scholar Lin Sheng was chosen as Xue, whose name was second only to He. However, some people who failed to enter the government, state and county schools at that time and wanted to take the exam can donate a supervisor qualification to take the provincial exam, or directly donate a supervisor. This situation is collectively referred to as donation or example supervision. Jian Yansheng didn't read too many books, but also spent money to donate the Jiansheng diploma.

His most well-known bridge is that he could not let go of two fingers before he died. Several nephews and wet nurses could never guess what Yan Jiansheng said, but Zhao hit the nail on the head. There are two bulbs in the lamp. Yan Jiansheng is afraid that he will sleep with flower oil. Zhao picked one, and Yan Jiansheng swallowed.

5. Be strict with the middle

Yan Zhizhong is a tribute student. He was called a tribute student after he passed the examination and entered the Guo Zi School in Beijing. This kind of people have a higher social status. Yan Gong Sheng also looked down on his younger brother Yan Jiansheng because he was a tribute student. People in prisons generally demand "dignified knowledge and a long history of arts and sciences", but in the author's pen, strictness is just the opposite. He is a real devil.

Yan's first appearance was in the fourth time. During the mourning period, Jin Fan was persuaded by Zhang Jingzhai to have a windfall in Tang Zhi County. Just arrived in Gaoyao County and sat down for tea. Yan came in to meet Shantou. When he learned that they were going to Tang Zhi County, he began to say that they were old friends of Tang Zhi County and made up a story about meeting Tang Zhi County. He also praised the character of Tang Zhi County to show his love for Tang Zhi County. ?

6. Kuang Superman

Kuang Chaoren, formerly known as Kuang Jiong, was born in Yueqing County, Wenzhou. The description of Kuang Superman's behavior in the novel can be roughly divided into two types, one is Kuang Superman who shows simplicity and filial piety, and the other is Kuang Superman who shows dehumanization. He is a simple rural boy, smart and hardworking, and his filial piety to his father is also touching. The original description of Kuang Superman's behavior in the novel shows his simple and filial piety.

When he was in exile, he was gradually changed by social influence. In Hangzhou, Kuang Chaoren met Mr. Ma Er and was influenced by Mr. Ma Er, who regarded the imperial examination as the only way out of life. After he was admitted as a scholar, he was "cultivated" by a group of celebrities and pretended to be a celebrity as a means to pursue fame and fortune.

The society gave him such a way, and he navigated skillfully and gradually went to depravity. He boasted and lied, gained fame and fortune, betrayed his friends for glory, became an ungrateful person and became a devil wears Prada.

7. Shen Qiongzhi

Shen Qiongzhi, the daughter of teacher Shen Danian, was ordered by her father to marry the salt merchant Song. However, it was not until the salt merchant Song knew that this was a scam. Song Fuwei, a salt merchant, first married Shen Qiongzhi as his concubine. Qiongzhi's father sued Song, who bribed the magistrate and sent Shen Danian back to Changzhou. Shen Qiongzhi went to Nanjing alone with gold and silver and started her new independent life.

Extended data:

I. Introduction

The Scholars is a novel by China in Qing Dynasty, written by Wu. The book has 56 chapters (some people think that the last chapter was not written by Wu), about 400,000 words, describing nearly 200 characters, and it took more than ten years to complete. Described the reputation and life of scholars under the imperial examination system during the reign of Kang Yong.

Second, the theme.

The Scholars is an outstanding realistic satirical novel in the history of China literature, which makes people "never tire of reading". The content written in The Scholars is actually the Qing Dynasty under the guise of the Ming Dynasty, and the characters are real people in all likelihood. It truly depicts the ups and downs of intellectuals' life, ups and downs of circumstances, gains and losses of fame, ups and downs of official career, noble and despicable sentiments, advocacy and disillusionment of ideals, and exploration and pursuit of outlets during the reign of Kang Yong.

Wu affirmed or denied the characters in the book with his attitude towards fame and fortune. For example, Kuang forged documents and took a knife to take the exam, but he was "named as an outstanding scholar in Wenzhou and stayed in imperial academy". Yan did many evils, but was selected as an "excellent scholar" by his predecessor Zhou Xuetai.

While mercilessly lashing ugly things, the author also praised a few positive figures. Wang Mian is a first-rate figure in the book, and he is "upright". Zhuang Shaoguang pursues "educating people with rites and music" and "educating people with morality". Father Niu and Father Bu are also respected by the author. Cheng Jinfang said in "Touching Poetry": "Bachelor of Historical Records, what to describe; I feel sad for the people of Sri Lanka. I actually passed on history! "

In The Scholars, Wu wrote the decadent darkness of the imperial examination system, the vulgarity of fake celebrities and the meanness of corrupt officials in a simple, flexible and humorous local language.

Hu Shi described the book like this: "... the country hangs the signboard of Confucius and Mencius every day. In fact, no one is allowed to talk about Confucius and Mencius, nor is anyone allowed to practice Confucius and Mencius. As long as people read eight-part essays and write poems; The rest of the' source of literary works' need not be concerned. If you pay attention to them, you can say,' Is that for your officials?' "

Third, draw materials.

There are many historical facts in The Scholars, and some characters did exist. Such as writing "Wang Mian Painting Lotus Money as a Foster Mother", in which the protagonist Wang Mian is a real person, and his story is also a real person.

Ji Xianlin pointed out that Master Mi said in the eighth chapter of The Scholars: "It is the sound of clappers, abacus and boards." It is similar to the story of Yuan You 'an in You Dong's Genzhai Miscellanies and Chu People's Selected Works of Sword. Shen Qiongzhi, a poetess written in the fortieth and forty-first chapters of The Scholars, is similar to the fourth volume of Suiyuan Poetry. Chapter 53 of The Scholars is the same as Youyang's Zaju.

Fourth, artistic achievements.

The Scholars is the first novel in the history of China's novels, which consists of a series of short stories. Each paragraph has many wonderful plots, and the theme of the book is very clear. "Although the cloud is long, it is similar to a short system."

The Scholars is the representative work of China's satirical novels, which mercilessly attacked and exposed the imperial examination system and "cannibalism" ethics in the traditional society at that time, as well as bureaucracy, social atmosphere, human relations, customs and habits. Laughing and cursing, dripping with joy.

The Scholars can reflect the social reality at that time and profoundly reflect human nature. It is an immortal realistic work, sweeping away the superstitions of ghosts and gods absurdity, anecdotes and causal reincarnation in previous novels. The book successfully depicts many clearly summarized negative examples and some positive figures to improve women's status (such as Chapter 37).

The author pinned his hopes on the ancient "pure Confucianism", which smacked of nostalgia.

The Scholars is good at describing the psychology of characters, often expressing their hypocrisy and affectation through the contradictory words and deeds of the same character, describing the extreme words and deeds of characters with satirical exaggeration, exposing their ugliness, and comparing characters with characters. The novel is vivid in writing and concise in language, and rarely uses local dialects. It is a literature of national language, which makes good use of spoken language, conforms to the identity of characters and has rich and vivid vocabulary.

The Scholars had a great influence on novels in Qing Dynasty, although there was no pre-designed structure at the beginning. It is characterized by loose structure and no trunk running through the head and tail. "Everything starts with it and ends with it."

Hu Shi pointed out, "This book is a satirical novel with a little realistic technology. There are neither supernatural words nor heroic words. Besides, the characters in the book are all scholars, and it is not understandable for ordinary people to talk about career promotion and political elections. Therefore, among the first-class novels, The Scholars is the least popular. It is of certain significance to castigate social injustice and promote people's independent thinking. Moreover, it has profound enlightenment to modern satirical literature.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-scholars