Is the population density high in Wugong County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province?

Population density: 1034 people/km2.

Wugong is located in the west of Guanzhong Plain, with Xingping in the east, Yangling and Fufeng in the west, Ganxian in the north and zhouzhi county across the Weihe River in the south. There is a highway bridge on the Weihe River connecting the two counties, so that Xibao Expressway can go directly to Zhouzhi and southern Shaanxi. There are 8 towns and 4 townships, 262 autonomous villages and 6 community neighborhood committees in the county, with 4 1. 1.44 million people, including 374,000 agricultural people. The total area of the county is 397.8 square kilometers, including 425,000 mu of cultivated land, and the per capita land area is 1. 1 mu. It is one of the counties with less per capita land area and higher population density in our province.

The territory is dominated by the Han nationality, and there are Hui, Manchu, Bai, Zhuang, Mongolia, Dong, Dai, North Korea, Tujia, Xibo and Tu ethnic groups 1 1. Longhai Railway, Xibao Expressway, Xibao Highway Central Line, North Line and Provincial Highway 107 pass through the territory, and the traffic is very convenient. The urban area is 70 kilometers east of the ancient city of Xi 'an, 50 kilometers away from Xianyang International Airport and 80 kilometers away from Baoji, an industrial town in the west. With flat and open terrain and superior geographical position, it is an important transportation hub and material distribution center in Guanzhong area.

administrative division

In 2006, Wugong County administered 8 towns and 4 townships: Puji Town, Sufang Town, Wugong Town, Youfeng Town, Zhenyuan Town, chang ning zhen Town, Xiaochun Town, Dazhuang Town, Daijia Town, Hedao Township, Nanren Township and Puji Street Township.

The development of history

Wugong County was founded in Qin Xiaogong in the 12th year (350 BC). In the second year of Tianfeng in the New Dynasty (AD 15), Wang Mang was changed to Guangxin County. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was abandoned in Meixian. In the eighth year of Yongping (65 years), Wugong County was restored. In the 11th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (487), Wugong County was established. In the third year of Jiande (574), the abandoned county was established. After the Five Dynasties and the Jin Dynasty, Wugong County was established, and the county was changed in the later Zhou Dynasty. In the 29th year of Jin Dading (1 189), the county name was changed to Mu Jong. It was renamed Wugong County in Yuan Dynasty.

1949 may19 martial arts liberation, cancellation of security and system a, district offices and township people's governments. The county is divided into 9 districts including Chengguan, Yangling, Dazhuang, Phuket, Xuegu, Changning, Zhenyuan, Gong Wei and No.3 Factory, and 76 townships. In September, the No.3 factory area of Weihe River (5 townships in total) was included in _ _ county. 195 1 May, 2008, Shangying and Xinzhai Township in the north of Yangling District, Miaodi Village in the south and Beiwu Village in Dazhuang District, Maojiazui, Zhaojiaya and Wangjiajiao, and Masizhai Fort in Zhenyuan District were transferred to Chengguan District.

1In June, 952, the original 7 1 township was reduced to 64 townships. 1August, 955, the county people's government was renamed as "county people's Committee"; The Township People's Government was renamed the Township People's Committee. Jia Chao Township in the eighth district (Gong Wei) was included in the first district (Chengguan). /kloc-in March, 1956, the district was withdrawn and merged into the township, and the county set up three towns: Chengguan, Yangling and Puji; Shangying, Duzhai, Lee Tae, Dazhuang, Zhangzhai, Nanren, Puji, Xuegu, Beiying, Changning, Hedao, Daijia, Zhenyuan, Weicun, Zhoucun and Niutai 16 were merged into 7 townships. 1958 5438+00 In June, the people's commune was established, and seven townships were changed into seven people's communes, namely, the upstream (Chengguan), Hongqi (Yangling), Yuejin (Phuket), Satellite (Snow Valley), Dongfeng (Changning), Rocket (Zhenyuan) and Sino-Soviet (Sufang). In June of the same year, 5438+065438+ 10, seven people's communes were changed into five people's communes, namely, Wugong, Yangling, Phuket, Changning and Zhenyuan, which governed 27 administrative districts. The original agricultural production cooperative was renamed as the production brigade.

1 961August1day, Wugong county resumed its organizational system, and the original five people's communes were divided into 14 people's communes, which governed 244 production brigades. 1964 Guancun and Zhoujia Village of Wuquan Commune in Fufeng County are included in Yangling Commune in Wugong County. 1April, 965, Yangling, Puji and small villages and towns were established. 1May, 1984, communes and brigades were abolished, and three towns were established in the county, 12 township, which governed 365 villagers' committees (5 1 1 natural village) and 4 residents' committees. And changed the station commune to Beiying Township; Wugong commune is Wugong town; Tianjia, Jia Gui, Dongli Jiada, Bao Xiao and Qujia of the original station commune are classified as Puji Town; Rencun, Chengjia, Xiaocun and Xue Cun, which used to learn ancient commune, belong to Xiaocun. 200 1, 1 1, 8 towns and 7 townships in the county were merged into 8 towns and 4 townships, and the original Kannonji, Xuegu and Beiying townships were abolished and merged into Dazhuang, Xiaocun and Puji towns respectively.

natural resource

The topography of Wugong county is composed of three types: piedmont alluvial fan and the front of loess plateau, flood plain and valley alluvial terrace. 97% of the cultivated land is plain and tableland in the middle of Sichuan, and 94.3% is high-quality soil such as stone floor soil and loess. The total land area of the county is 589,252.1mu, including 43,4741mu of cultivated land and 395,784.5 mu of irrigated land, accounting for 91.02 of the cultivated land area. There are three rivers in the territory, all of which belong to the Weihe River system. The total amount of water resources available is 265.538 million cubic meters, and the developed amount is 1.7 1.698 million cubic meters. In dry years, the average irrigation per mu is 253 cubic meters, totaling 65.438+0.27 billion cubic meters, and the total industrial water consumption is 65.438+0.34 billion cubic meters. More than 654.38+0.6 billion cubic meters have been mined, and the total revenue and expenditure of water resources is greater than the balance. The annual available groundwater is 6.5438+59.88 million cubic meters, and the developed groundwater is 99.24 million cubic meters, accounting for 62% of the exploitable groundwater. Groundwater is rich in fertilizers and water resources, mainly composed of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and a small amount of phosphorus and potassium. It is distributed in 14 townships and 120 administrative villages, covering an area of 22,580 mu. The nitrogen content of developed and utilized fertile wells is 30g/m3 ~ 100g/m3, and the highest nitrogen content of a single well is1200g/m3 ~1500g/m3. The area of water conservancy facilities in the county is 433,000 mu, accounting for 99.6% of the cultivated land area, and the effective irrigation area is 393,600 mu, accounting for 89.4% of the cultivated land area, with per capita 1.05 mu, of which the farmland used for drought and flood protection is172,576 mu, with per capita 0.46 mu.

There are many kinds of creatures in the territory, and the variety resources are rich. Among the plants that have been utilized, there are 58 crops, 68 fruit trees 10 and 68 trees. Among the crops, grain crops 1 1 species, mainly winter wheat and summer corn; Economic crops 18 species, mainly rape; Apples are the main fruit trees; There are 5 species of coniferous wood, 40 species of broad-leaved wood, 7 species of landscape trees and shrubs 1 1 species. Among the used animals, there are 15 species and more than 50 species of livestock and poultry. Cows and cows are the main livestock, pigs are the main livestock, followed by dairy goats. There are five kinds of poultry, mainly chickens. There are 10 species of fish.

population distribution

Wugong is an agricultural county, its population distribution is mainly in rural areas, and the proportion of urban population is very small. 1956 The urban population is 25 106, accounting for12.05438+0% of the total population; Rural population 183894, accounting for 87.99% of the total population. 1982 The urban population is 3 1673, accounting for 8.1%of the total population; The rural population is 359,322, accounting for 9 1.9% of the total population. 1990 The urban population is 3 1530, accounting for 8.46% of the total population; The rural population is 34 1 174, accounting for 9 1.54% of the total population.

The population density of each township (town) in Wugong County is also quite different. Small towns, Puji Town, Dazhuang Township and Beiying Township have the largest population density. According to the statistics of 1990, each square kilometer is 4436. 1, 2502.3, 1202.3,11.5 respectively. Hedao Township has the smallest population density, with 669.5 people per square kilometer.

Rivers and rivers

Weihe River is a large transit river in this county and the largest tributary of the Yellow River. Since Fufeng County entered the county, it has passed through Dazhuang Town, Puji Town, Puji Street Township and small towns, and has been injected eastward into Xingping City, with a total length of 20 kilometers and a drainage area of 90 square kilometers. The widest part of the riverbed is 2000m, and the narrowest part is 700m. The multi-year average flow147m3/s, the maximum flow1100m3/s, the minimum flow is 65.5m3/s, and the multi-year average runoff is 46.4m3. ..

Qishui River is the second largest river crossing, which was called Dushui, Mu Jong Water and Zhongting Water in ancient times. Originated in linyou county, it entered from Youfeng Town through Ganxian County. After Youfeng, Sufang and Wugong Town, it flows southward into Weihe River. The domestic flow is 24 kilometers long and the drainage area is 157.2 square kilometers. The annual average flow is 4.32 m3/s, the maximum flow is 265 m3/s, the minimum flow is 0.03 m3/s, and the annual runoff is136.236 million m3.

_ River is the third river crossing, called Qushui in ancient times, commonly known as Houhe. Originated in Fengxiang County, it enters Fufeng County, flows eastward from Wugong Town to Qishui River in the south, with a total length of 100 km and a domestic flow length of 10 km. The annual average flow is 0.57 m3/s, and the maximum flood flow is 4 13 m3/s (1954). The annual runoff is 6.5438+07852 million cubic meters, and the drought is interrupted.

Moyu River originates from Yongshou County, flows from Ganxian County to the south, passes Sufang to the northeast of Wugong Town and joins Qishui River. The domestic flow is 6 kilometers long. The average annual flow is 0.03 cubic meters per second, and the annual runoff is 864,000 cubic meters. This river is dry for most of the year.

Qingshui River has two rivers westbound by Weihe River, Weibei River and Weinan River, both called Qingshui River, which originated from the beach moraine in the county. Qingshui River in the north of Weibei flows into Lijie from west to east, and Wangbu Village flows into Qishui River in the south. It dried up during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, and now there is no trace. Weinan Qingshui River flows eastward to the west of Xiasantun, zhouzhi county, and retreats into Shahe River through Wugongchang Town (township). 1949 was assigned to zhouzhi county with No.3 Factory.

[Chuandi] Wugong is located in the west of Guanzhong Basin, with simple landforms: first, alluvial terraces in river valleys; The second is the loess plateau; The third is the front depression of the piedmont alluvial fan.

The alluvial terraces in the valley are mainly formed by Weihe River, Qishui River, Moyu River and Weishui River. Qishui River is relatively narrow, and the terraces formed are discontinuous and scattered. Weihe River has a long history and a large flood scale. In different geological ages, it alluvial to form the third terrace, which has great influence on the geology and geomorphology of Wugong County. The third terrace was formed about 690 thousand years ago, the second terrace was formed about 80 thousand to 654.38 million years ago, and the first terrace was formed about 1 10 thousand years ago. The first terrace was formed late and was not covered by loess. Generally, it is 3-5 meters higher than the riverbed, with an altitude of 4 17-454 meters. The second terrace is higher than the first terrace10-15m; The third terrace is higher than the second terrace 15-25m.

The Loess Plateau originally started from the north of Kannonji Township in the west, Zhenyuan in the east, south of the river in the east, connected with the depression in front of the alluvial fan in the north, and reached the third terrace of Weihe River in the south. It is 20-80 meters higher than the third terrace and 480-560 meters above sea level. Lacquer, Wei and Mohe rivers are divided into Wugong Xiyuan, Jinjiayuan and Wugong Dongyuan. This stratum began 690,000 years ago and ended 85,438+million years ago. The surface is covered with a layer of loess with a thickness of 10-20 meters, and the lower layer is alluvial layer, alluvial layer, aeolian layer and lake sediment.

The front depression of piedmont diluvial fan is distributed in Weicun tableland of Sufang town, and is connected with loess tableland in the south. The terrain is high in the south and low in the north, with an altitude of 490-570 meters, and the front edge is connected with Jinjiayuan. The surface is covered with loess with a thickness of 10-20m, and the lower layer is mainly alluvial.

Folklore divides the county into one, two and three terraces. The headwaters include loess tableland and piedmont diluvial fan. The eastern part of Erdaoyuan includes the second and third terraces of Weihe River, while the western part only includes the third terraces. The eastern part of Sandaoyuan is the first terrace of Weihe River, and the western part is the first and second terraces and floodplain.

land resources

(1) Soil:

Wugong county belongs to warm temperate zone and semi-humid monsoon climate zone. In ancient times, the ground was covered with dense forests and grasslands, thus forming loess as the parent material, and forests and grasslands were replaced by vegetation crops. The original natural soil is also constantly evolving due to the role of human beings. According to 1982 soil survey, there are six soil types in this county: stone floor soil, loess, tidal soil, swamp soil, paddy soil and silt soil. It is characterized in that the stone floor soil includes red oil soil, black oil soil, black oil soil, black waterlogged soil and brown soil, accounting for 76.7% of the total land area. Mainly distributed on the Weihe terrace. This kind of soil is the most fertile agricultural soil in this county, which has excellent characteristics such as deep soil layer, deficiency on the top and solid on the bottom, and water and fertilizer conservation. Loess includes loess, silt and silt. The area is second only to Shilou soil, accounting for 17.6% of the total land area, mainly distributed in the original terraced fields, gully slopes and some river valleys. It is characterized by belonging to a kind of juvenile soil developed on loess parent material, so it is loose and easy to cultivate and has good permeability. But the water storage and fertilizer conservation performance is poor. Tidal soil, swamp soil and paddy soil belong to water-bearing and semi-water-bearing soils, accounting for 5.7% of the total land area of the county. Mainly distributed in the waterlogged beaches along the Weihe River and Qishui River, mainly planting aquatic crops such as rice.

(2) Land:

195 1 spring, in order to prepare for the socialist transformation of the small-scale peasant economy and deal with the problems left over from the land reform, a leading group for farmland inspection and fixed production in Wugong county was established in the winter of 19565438. From 195 1 year1February 18 to 1952 15, it took 39 days and 488 cadres were dispatched. According to the actual situation such as topography, land quantity and measurement difficulty, the county is divided into 3 10. The county actually owns 567,540.13 mu of land, including non-cultivated land12,979.67 mu. All cultivated land in China is classified and graded, and the output index is stipulated according to the grade, which plays a role in balancing the burden. 1in April, 1980, co-chaired by the Provincial Agriculture Committee and Xi 'an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, provincial, prefectural and county units1more than 30 professional technicians, experts and professors conducted a comprehensive survey of the county's land by combining field investigation and soil analysis. There are 668,998 mu of land in China, including 573,572 mu of productive land, accounting for 85.7%, and 95,426 mu of non-agricultural land, accounting for 14.3%. From March 1989 to September 1990, the land resources in the county were investigated for one and a half years. In this survey, 50×50cm black and white photographic film enlarged by aerial photography of Shaanxi Bureau of Surveying and Mapping 1984 was used. Through field surveying, transfer surveying, area surveying and mapping, the quantity, utilization type, ownership and distribution of land in the county are found out. Since 1996, the land and resources department has conducted an annual survey on the change of land use status in the county before 10 and 3 1 every year. As of June 65438+1October 3 1 2006, the total land area of the county is 586825.8 mu, equivalent to 39 1.2 square kilometers. Among them, the cultivated land area is 4 10360.8 mu, accounting for 69.9% of the total area; Garden 1022 1.7 mu, accounting for 7.1%of the total area; 4390.7 mu of forest land, accounting for 0.7% of the total area; Other agricultural land is 35,936.3 mu, accounting for 6.1%of the total area; 104278.3 mu industrial and mining residential area, accounting for17.8% of the total area; The traffic is 4406. 1 mu, accounting for 0.8% of the total area; The land for water conservancy facilities is 787.4 mu, accounting for 0.1%of the total area; The unused land is 5870.2 mu, accounting for 1.0% of the total area. Other land is 10574.3 mu, accounting for 1.8% of the total area.

hydroclimate

(1) Hydrology:

Surface water: The surface water in Wugong County mainly refers to the water diversion project and transit rivers, including 3 main canals of the water diversion project. The main canal is located in Toudaoyuan, with a length of 18.7 km, a flow of 40 cubic meters per second and an irrigation area of190,000 mu. Wei Gaoqian is located in Erdaoyuan area in the middle of the county, with a canal length of 2 1km, a flow of 23 m3/s and an irrigation area of 1.23 million mu. Weihui Canal is located on the second terrace in the south of Erdaoyuan in the middle of the county, with a length of 20 kilometers, a flow of 27 cubic meters per second and an irrigation area of 10.8 million mu. There are mainly Weihe River, Qishui River, Moyu River and Tanwei River. Weihe River passes through the south of the county seat and is the largest river in the county seat. The domestic flow is 20.7 kilometers long, with an average annual flow of 300 m3/s, and the water quantity varies greatly seasonally. June, July and August are the flood season, with the maximum flow reaching 1 100 m3/s, and the dry season is 10 to April of the following year, with the minimum flow of 65.5 m3/s, followed by Qishui River, which flows through the west of the county from north to south, with a total length of 24km. It enters from Youfeng Township in the north, and flows into Weihe River from Dazhuang Township via Wugong Town. Then there are Moyu River and Tanwei River, with short flow and small water quantity, and dry valleys often appear in dry season.

Groundwater: Wugong is located in Guanzhong basin, with developed fractured water system. This structure provides good conditions for infiltration and storage of precipitation and surface water. Moreover, these water-rich areas are mainly distributed in Weihe River and high flood-prone areas, and the first terrace is strong water-rich areas. The water depth is 2-4m, the water cut depth is 20-40m, the influence radius is 260m, and the unit water inflow 10 ~ ~ 20t/h? Rice, with good water quality and salinity less than 1 g/L, the secondary terrace of Weihe River is moderately rich in water, with a water depth of 8-20m and confined water of 20-40m, with an influence radius of 200m, salinity less than 1g/L and unit water inflow of 1 ~ 5t/h? rice. Good water stability. The third terrace of Weihe River and the original area of Loess Plateau are weak water-rich areas, with the buried depth of groundwater of about 50m, confined water of 70- 120m, influence radius of 160m and unit water inflow of 0.5- 1t/h? M, salinity is less than 1g/L, and water content is poor.

(2) Climate: Wugong belongs to a warm and semi-humid climate zone, with high temperature and rainy in summer, cold and little snow in winter and spring, and obvious differences among the four seasons.

Temperature: the average daily temperature in this county steadily passes 0℃ from February 10 to February 15, and the frost-free period is 3 15 days. The daily average temperature passing through 10℃ stably lasts for 206 days from April 5th to1October 28th. The annual active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ is 4 184℃, which is in the middle state compared with 2000~4900℃ in the whole province.

Lighting: Wugong County is rich in light energy resources, with an average sunshine hours of 2094.9 hours over the years, and annual total radiation 1 14.86 kcal, of which physiological radiation is 57.43 kcal, accounting for 50% of the annual total radiation. At present, the utilization rate of light energy is generally 2.45%, and it is 5% in high-yield field, so the production potential is huge.

Precipitation: The county is located in the west of Guanzhong, with annual precipitation of 633.7mm, maximum precipitation of 97.97mm and minimum precipitation of 327.1mm. Moreover, precipitation is seasonal, mostly concentrated in June, July and August, accounting for more than 50% of the annual precipitation. A dry year often occurs in 2-6 years, and continuous rainy weather occurs almost every year in September, which often has a certain impact on agricultural production.

topography

Wugong county, located in the west of Guanzhong basin, belongs to Weihe landform and was formed in the late Mesozoic. Due to the neotectonic movement such as Yanshan Mountain and various stresses such as climate, different geological structures and different landform types have been created today. The terrain of this county is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It descends step by step from north to south and is divided into first, second and third plateaus. To sum up, there were aeolian loess tableland and piedmont alluvial fan plain in the county during the Lower Pleistocene. The third terrace of Weihe River and Qishui River in Middle Pleistocene; The second terrace of Weihe River and Qishui River in Upper Pleistocene; The first terrace and floodplain of Weihe River and Qishui River Basin in Holocene. Except the first terrace, it is generally covered by Pleistocene aeolian loess (Malan loess). The whole terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and it is inclined to the Weihe River in a ladder shape. From north to south, people call it Toudaoyuan, Erdaoyuan and Sandaoyuan in turn.

Valley terrace: refers to the valley terrace formed by alluvial of Weihe River, Qishui River, Moyu River and Tanwei River. During the Middle Pleistocene, about 690,000 years ago, the present third terrace was formed, with an altitude of 432-510m, including Changning, Nanren and Kannonji, with an area of 97,256.1mu, accounting for 16.5% of the total land area. During the Upper Pleistocene 865,438,000 years ago, the present secondary terraces were formed, including Xuegu, Beiying, Puji Street, northern Dazhuang, Xiaocun and Puji Town, covering an area of 40,650.9 mu, accounting for 6.9% of the total land area. During the Holocene period about 65438+100000 years ago, the present first-class terrace was formed, with an altitude of 411-450m, including Xuegu, Puji Street, Beiying and Dazhuang, with an area of115/.

Loess Plateau: A quasi-plain formed by loess accumulation, with an altitude of 500-600 meters, including Sufang, Youfeng, Wugong Town, Zhenyuan, Daijia and Hedao, with an area of 33 1779.4 mu, accounting for 56.3% of the total land area. It is northwest-southeast with a slope of 2.3-5 ‰. Formed in the Middle Pleistocene and Upper Pleistocene, covered with loess with a thickness of about 10-20m, and buried with alluvial deposits and lacustrine deposits. Due to lacquer, desert and beech trees

Divide water, and then form four plains of Sufang, Jinjia and Wugong, and small landforms such as original slope and original depression. The original surface is open and flat, and the soil layer is deep. Trough depressions are sheltered from the wind and contain water, but the slope and beam conditions are poor, but most of them are terraces.

Piedmont diluvial fan: formed by diluvium and slope, it is distributed on the triangular primary surface between Qishui River and Moyu River, including Sufang area in the northwest of this county, which is inclined from south to north, with an altitude of 490-570 meters and a slope of 2.5-5 ‰, and is covered with loess with a thickness of about 10-20 meters and alluvial layer.

folk custom

[coronation ceremony]

When an ancient man comes of age, he must hold a coronation ceremony. At the age of 20, he was called "weak crown". When a woman reaches the age of 15, it means that she has reached the age of bun and quilt. This custom died out at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

[marriage]

Which is marriage. The man said to bring a daughter-in-law, and the woman said to start. The day before the crop came out, a middle-aged woman with good fortune gave a woman plastic surgery and pulled out the yellow hair around her hair with five-color lines, trying to be called "opening her face". From then on, I no longer call myself a "girl". From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, except sedan chairs used by county officials and gentry, boxcars were used in rural areas regardless of wealth. I arrived at the woman's house at three or four in the morning, bringing money for stepping on the door, money for getting off the kang, candy and so on. When I arrived at the woman's house, I first told her ancestors to have a "long walk", and the woman took a handkerchief on the plate and gave it to everyone who got married. Then the woman's brother put the girl on the bus. The woman cried loudly and threw a pair of chopsticks at the front door. The married couple fired three "wake-up guns" in succession, and the car started, throwing red paper flowers along the way. The man rides a horse and hangs a string of bells around his neck, which is called "reporting the horse" (reporting the situation). The woman rides a horse and stands in front of the wedding car, which is called "pressing the horse". After getting on the bus, the wedding car stops outside the gate of the man's village. The groom wore a beautiful suit and hat and rode around the car for three weeks. The bride's family will give the groom a HongLing, red cloth and golden flowers. Amid firecrackers, the wedding car rushed to the man's door. First, welcome the woman's relatives and friends to the guest room and sit down. A man, a middle-aged woman, took out a red cloth bag with a hip flask and a bronze mirror tied to it, and let the bride hold it (indicating that the imperial edict allowed female workers to marry women), got out of the car, stepped on a piece of cloth and reed mat, and began. One person, holding a red-hot stone in his hand, puts it in a shovel, and the other person pours it with vinegar. This is called "playing the vinegar altar". As the bride walks, guests and friends scatter broken straw and five-color grains on the bride's head and body, which is called "Douban". The groom is in front and the bride is in the back. The wedding was held in the "Heaven and Earth Hall". The guests sang and the groom bowed to the bride. Worship heaven and earth first, then worship the high hall, and the husband and wife bow down and enter the bridal chamber after the ceremony. When entering the cave door, the groom first stepped on the four corners of the kang and got off the kang to lift the bride's veil. At noon, the bride washes her face, dresses up, turns in her keys and opens her suitcase to change clothes. After dressing up, the newlyweds hold a wedding, drink a glass of wine and eat a bowl of noodles. After that, I worshipped the kitchen god, and put a steamed stuffed bun bowl, a meat bowl and a money bowl in front of the kitchen. If a steamed bun bowl is not covered, it means that you will not worry about eating for life. Uncovering the meat bowl means greed, and uncovering the money bowl means spending money all your life. At the banquet, the bride and groom propose a toast to their relatives and friends. After dinner, the bride's family should thank the kitchen. When the woman's guests came back, the groom was sent to the front of the village. After the guests gave the groom a red color (indicating good luck and gratitude), all the people on both sides said goodbye to each other. In the afternoon, the bride was led by her sister-in-law, and then paid her respects to her neighbors in the village. At this point, all six ceremonies were completed.

[matchmaking]

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the marriage of men and women in this county was decided by "parents' orders and matchmakers' words", and the parents of the man or woman had to ask their neighbors, villagers, relatives and friends to propose marriage to each other first, commonly known as "matchmaking". 1953 after the promulgation and implementation of the marriage law, marriage is mainly voluntary, and both men and women are introduced by introducers. First, I watched and secretly met, and then I met, chatted and met. After the two parties agree, the man brings gifts to the woman's house for engagement, and the introducer (that is, the matchmaker) will attend.

[engaged]

First of all, the woman will give the Geng Tie (a list of the woman's date of birth and the animal sign) to the matchmaker and bring it to the man. If the two sides "hit it off" and "hit it off", the parents of both sides agree to discuss the bride price. In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the general gift was 24 taels of silver, and there was also a "spring gift" as the money raised by the woman's mother. Since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, due to inflation and currency devaluation, the bride price has been replaced by physical objects (wheat or corn). To order a wife, the average man needs five to ten stones (each stone 150 Jin) of wheat, and some of them are as high as 36 stones. The bride price of the poor is higher than that of the rich. In addition to the formal ceremony, there are 10-20 kilograms of cotton, shoes and materials, collectively referred to as "bride price money". After the bride price is settled, the man asks the matchmaker to paste it for the woman, which is called "paving", that is, engagement paste. After the woman receives the invitation, she chooses an auspicious day (usually a double day), and the man accompanies the matchmaker to the woman's house to give gifts, and the woman gives a banquet to entertain her before she is engaged.

[open face]

The day before the woman got married, a middle-aged woman with good fortune gave her plastic surgery and pulled out the yellow hair around her hair with five-color lines, which was called "opening her face". After that, I was not a girl.

【 Noisy bridal chamber 】

Three days after marriage, the lights in the new house can't be put out, which is called "longevity lights". Every night for three days, except for parents and brothers, people in our family and village, men, women and children, can make trouble. Eavesdropping at the window and door of the bridal chamber in the middle of the night is called "listening room". Also, when the bride sleeps, she takes socks, shoes and other things and keeps them with a handkerchief the next day. This is called "stealing a house".

[back door]

On an auspicious day (usually two days) after marriage, the bride and groom go to their father-in-law's house with 40 buns and four kinds of gifts, which is called "returning home". Father-in-law must give his son-in-law clothes, shoes and socks, Four Treasures of the Study.

[Send Sixteen]

A new daughter-in-law who marries in the twelfth lunar month or the first lunar month must return to her family before the sixteenth of the first lunar month. On the 16th day of the first month, accompanied by her parents, she will return to her husband's house with 20 steamed stuffed buns (empty 10, real 10), a packet of candy and gifts such as walnuts, jujubes, onions and vegetables. In the evening, two middle-aged women dressed as old men and old women handed the baby to their mother-in-law, holding a fake baby tied with wheat straw or straw, and then entered the new house, shouting, "Walnuts and dates should be taken down and put in the baby's yard." "The daughter-in-law is filial, and the grandson is so happy that his grandfather's beard is tilted up." "Celery and parsley are full of jars, which leads to the grandson's life ball.

[Send the ancient philosophers] After men and women get married, before the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, parents will send their daughters fruits such as walnuts, peanuts, pears and dates, commonly known as "send the ancient philosophers".

[woman look at that moon]

10 After the birth of the daughter-in-law, all relatives of the bride's family and husband's family will send millet, dried noodles, eggs, brown sugar, etc. Dedicated to my mother, the so-called "moon-watching girl". After half a month, the bride's family will visit again with eggs, dried noodles and steamed stuffed buns, which is called "watching for half a month".

[above the full moon]

Twenty days after the child is born or at the full moon, the mother-in-law and her relatives should bring white buns, eggs, parcels, clothes, silks and satins, diapers, etc. When visiting, the mother-in-law will hold a banquet, and the parturient will send shoes, socks, cloth pillows, etc. For father-in-law, mother-in-law and relatives, this is called "full moon residence". Everyone has a monetary reward. After lunch, the father carried the child on his back and went to the street to pick up a small piece of soil, then walked around the desk, took a book and a small piece of soil and put it on the child's chest, wishing the baby to grow up and study hard. Later, I put a big steamed bun on the child's chest and walked on the street with it on my back, which was called "touch dry". Every man who meets for the first time will send a small gift or coin, and the children's family will send it with white buns. Finally, I took it into my grandparents' room and stopped for a while. It is called "Nuowowo" (meaning that children don't forget to report their books when they grow up).

[birthday]

Birthday is a common custom in county towns, and it is generally called "birthday". Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the average wealthy family celebrated their birthdays once a year from the age of 60 until their death. On your birthday, you will have a big banquet, entertain friends and relatives, and sing operas at night to entertain you. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, with the improvement of living standards, most people want to celebrate the birthday of the elderly and show more movies for entertainment in the evening. In recent years, it is also common to give children birthdays.

Tute famous products

[Pepper]

Also known as "Qin pepper", it is a specialty of this county, with the characteristics of strong spicy taste, uniform wrinkles, slender horns, bright red color and unsinkable soup. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1906), the annual sales volume was recorded as 890,000 Jin. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, pepper planting was mostly distributed in the low tableland, while the planting amount in the middle tableland and the high tableland was less, and it was mainly self-sufficient. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the area has expanded year by year, and the varieties are soil species, Yaoxian "bee", "Xinong 20-7", "82 12" and "88 19". 1975 direct seeding in white stubble field was changed to interplanting seedling and transplanting, and seedling and transplanting were more popular after 80' s. 1979 county planting 1500 mu, 1990 increased to 16650 mu. In the highest year, the export volume was 450 tons, 1989, and the provincial government determined Wugong County as the pepper planting base county.

[garlic]

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, garlic and caijiapo purple garlic produced garlic seedlings or early garlic moss, which were mainly eaten by themselves and planted sporadically once a year. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the policy of "taking grain as the key link", garlic cultivation is still not much. The main producing areas are townships (towns) such as Xuegu, Puji Street, Changning, Beiying, Dazhuang and Xiaocun, and Erdao tableland also tends to develop, and there are sporadic small plots of cultivation in Shangyuanyuan. 1972, the county planted 130 mu and 1974 mu. After garlic was exported, Shanghai Jiading garlic, Shandong Cang garlic, improved garlic and Song Cheng white garlic were introduced one after another. Due to the improvement of working system and the implementation of interplanting, the pure crops in stubble field are changed to two and three crops a year, which improves the economic benefit. Since 1984, garlic production has developed rapidly. 1989 planted 2,5691mu, with a total output of16,500 tons and an average yield of 642 kilograms per mu, with a total output of 173 1000 yuan and an average yield of 673 yuan per mu. 1990 planted 29,980 mu, with a total output of 23,250 tons and an average yield of 776 kg per mu. It provides more than 20,000 tons of commodities, including 0.2 million tons of garlic/kloc-0, 8,000 tons of garlic moss and 4,500 tons of garlic for export, which are prepared in international markets such as Europe and America.