The meaning of discipleship and kindness

Question 1: The sentences about benevolence and love in Disciples Rules are universal, while those who love benevolence and have spare capacity study literature.

Question 2: The sentence about benevolence-the way of benevolence-was understood by Dan from The Analects of Confucius.

Kindness is the core content of Confucianism, and Confucius believes that kindness is the foundation of being a man. Confucius is not only a propagandist of kindness, but also a practitioner of kindness. Confucius pointed out that as long as people can achieve the five points of courtesy, tolerance, faithfulness, sensitivity and benefit, they can be called people with lofty ideals. So, for us modern people, how should we understand benevolence? What advice will Professor Yu Dan give us?

Today, let's talk about benevolence in The Analects. In fact, if you turn over the Analects of Confucius with more than 20,000 words, there are 109 places around the word "benevolence". It can be said that the thought of benevolence is the cornerstone under the cornerstone of Confucian philosophy and the key point. So what is benevolence? Simply put, what is benevolence? The teacher only answered two words, lover. Being kind to people is a kind of kindness from the heart. But just these two words have profound and profound truth. There is a folk saying that two people die. What do you mean? It is kindness. The state of solitude is never the state of self. In this lonely and self-enclosed environment, kindness is out of the question. Kindness must be accompanied by others. In the relationship between them, we can see whether they are kind or not. Benevolence is the core content of Confucius' Confucianism, and it also runs through many aspects of his politics, education, ethics and culture, especially on the issue of being a man. In Confucius' view, benevolence is the foundation of being a man. So, what kind of people can be called people with lofty ideals? Professor Yu Dan believes that benevolence is not only a personality emotion, but also a very specific behavior. This generosity and wisdom are not innate, but the result of self-cultivation and self-denial. Then, how should we improve our self-cultivation and gradually improve our personality? Please listen to Professor Yu Dan from Beijing Normal University telling us the way of kindness.

Today we will talk about the way of benevolence in The Analects of Confucius. In the Analects of Confucius with more than 20,000 words, the word benevolence was mentioned 109 times.

Benevolence's thought is the cornerstone of Confucian philosophy and the key point. So, what is kindness?

What is benevolence? The teacher only answered two words: love. Being kind to people is a kind from the heart. But these two words have a deep meaning in my experience.

There is a folk saying that although the word benevolence has only four paintings, a single person has two, and two people are called benevolence. In other words, benevolence has never been an independent state of self. In a lonely, self-centered and closed environment, there is no kindness at all. Kindness must be accompanied by others. Together, we can see whether you are kind or not.

In a village, there was a blind man. As long as he goes out at night, he must light a lamp cage. When the villagers came out at night, the only place where they saw lanterns knew that the blind man had come out. When people in other places saw this, they all sighed and said that the blind people here are too good. He has no distinction between light and darkness. When he comes out in the middle of the night, he always worries about whether others can see the light and light a lantern for others. Just tell the blind man that you are amazing! The blind man said simply, because I am blind, I don't want others to hit me. I also light lanterns for myself.

Everybody think about it. In fact, this is why people walk in this world. Playing a lamp objectively illuminates the road for others and subjectively avoids many risks for yourself. In this boundless world, are we all discerning people? Can we know everything and avoid all risks? Sometimes for the convenience of others, playing lanterns for others can make others avoid you, and your own risk will be gone.

What is benevolence and love? Sometimes, kindness is a kind of practice and a bit of behavior around you. Benevolence is the core content of Confucius' Confucianism, and this thought runs through many aspects of his political, educational, ethical and cultural views, especially on the issue of being a man. In Confucius' view, benevolence is the foundation of being a man. So, what kind of talents can be called people with lofty ideals? Some of Confucius' explanations are very simple. He can tell you directly how to be kind.

Zhang Zi asked the teacher, how can you be kind?

Confucius said that there are five things to do in the world, five things for you to do, and the benevolent must do it. What five o'clock?

The teacher said: fairness, tolerance, faith, people and benefit.

The first is respect, and respect is not an insult. Translated, if a person maintains a respectful attitude towards the world and others, his life will not be easily insulted. Let's see if this is true. True respect is always associated with respect ... >>

Question 3: The sentence about benevolence is lenient with fierceness, fierceness with leniency, and politics with peace.

The will is as strong as iron and the measure is as big as the sea.

Only by respecting others can people be respected.

People who can't tolerate others don't deserve to be tolerated by others. -(Russia) Turgenev

A great man has two hearts: a bleeding heart and a tolerant heart. -(Lebanese) Ji Bolun

Question 4: How to understand the function of Disciples Rules? A Disciple's Rules, with three words and 360 sentences, is 1080 words in total. It has been re-recognized and widely popularized by many people of insight for many years, which is a great event with boundless merits. Only in the process of communication, we found a special phenomenon, that is, almost everyone regards Disciple Rules as just something to educate children, and many people just regard Disciple Rules as children's extracurricular reading materials. It's a pity that they have such an understanding of their disciples.

Disciples Rules is actually a passage learned by later generations according to Confucius' Analects of Confucius, which is also a detailed explanation of Old Master Q's quips.

original text

Confucius said: A disciple is filial, and a younger brother is a younger brother. They are sincere and believe that they love the masses and are kind. Learn literature if you have spare time.

This passage of Confucius, just 20 words, expresses almost all the codes of conduct in our lives. Even if this passage is summarized as a general narrative in Disciples' Rules with slightly different words, the main words are not left behind.

There are seven codes of conduct in this paragraph, which are filial piety, filial piety, honesty, faith, fraternity, benevolence and opportunity. And every aspect involves many specific details, which can be described as meticulous teaching for later disciples. If you want to make these essays clear, you can never finish them.

Today, I don't want to talk about seven rules here.

Filial piety/mourning

When it comes to filial piety, we don't have to discuss it in a hurry. Let's look at Old Master Q's explanation of filial piety. Here, let's borrow a passage from chapter two to illustrate.

Original: Ziyou asks filial piety. Confucius said: filial piety today means that it can be raised. As for dogs and horses, both can be kept; Disrespect, why not?

Let's have a look. What is Ziyou asking filial piety? Old Master Q said: What people say about filial piety now is that they can support their parents. This is filial piety, not to mention, when it comes to feeding, even your own dogs and horses can be fed; Treating parents is not a heartfelt respect. Is it different from feeding dogs and horses?

Old Master Q said this sentence more than 2,500 years ago, but let's see how many people just think that giving parents good food, good clothes and more pocket money is filial piety when it comes to filial piety today. In fact, we can look at many people's pets, which one is not delicious? We don't respect our parents from the heart, but show filial piety from the outside, which is really no different from treating our parents as dogs and horses.

Old Master Q's honorifics have a wide range of meanings. We should respect it, from the inside but from the outside. We should pay attention to our behavior and not let our parents worry. We should not only be able to support our parents' bodies, but also provide them with spiritual food to make their parents healthy and happy. This is the most basic filial piety.

Love and respect your brother.

When it comes to filial piety, a simple understanding is that brothers and sisters respect each other, love each other and live in harmony. This kind of harmony between brothers and sisters actually contains filial piety, because parents are naturally full of joy when they see that all their children can live in harmony and make their parents happy. This is a good performance of filial piety.

Confucian filial piety should be popularized, that is, pushing oneself and others, pushing other parents because of beating parents, respecting brothers and sisters, pushing people older than themselves, loving their brothers and sisters and pushing people younger than themselves. As Mencius said: the old are old, the young are young, and the young are young. Therefore, Old Master Q's seven teachings on disciple's code of conduct cannot be viewed separately, and all the teachings should be applied to each other.

careful

The word "sincerity" has far-reaching significance. Although it is easy for us to understand the concept of caution, we often knowingly commit crimes. How many things are about to succeed or end, and the carelessness of one of us leads to the failure of things. Caution in words and deeds is the foundation to stay away from resentment and avoid making mistakes. In fact, we have to pay attention to all our study and life. Once we let go of our small temper, failure will follow.

Lao Tzu put it well in Tao Te Ching: Be cautious at the beginning. Take everything seriously, and it will be like the beginning in the end.

Of course, this caution is not entirely personal to us. We do a lot of things carefully, also in order not to affect others. For example, if we talk too loudly in public, it will affect others. At this time, if you can restrain yourself with a warning, you won't do those indecent things, which will affect him ... >>

Question 5: What did Di Zigui tell us about being a man? Disciples' Rules is developed from a sentence in The Analects of Confucius, so it embodies the Confucian educational concept.

Confucianism has always adhered to the educational concept based on people's moral cultivation, so Disciple Rules advocates filial piety first, kindness first, and then learning knowledge growth ability. If a person's moral cultivation is not good, he will learn profound knowledge, and then he will invent and create "fake egg" and other things that endanger society. . . . . .

To sum up: first of all, we must have a kind heart, so that we can truly honor our parents, respect our teachers, be honest and trustworthy, and be modest and polite. All of the above have been achieved. The second is to learn cultural knowledge, increase their own abilities, assist the king, and make contributions to the people's country.

Question 6: Disciples' summary of moral strength

Disciples Rules of Qing Dynasty was born under the pen of Li Yuxiu. How many sages have been produced in this long history of hundreds of years?

Disciple Rules takes filial piety, kindness and sincerity as its core. The ancients took filial piety as the way and kindness as the virtue. Morality, under the interpretation of Disciples Rules, is carefree and incisive. According to legend, ancient China was famous for its virtue. Under the strong influence of "Confucianism", generations of sages have left a strong impression on the picture of history. This is the power of morality, which is enough to make a country prosperous. It is profound and profound, and it has been washed and washed over the years. Neither the burning of books by Qin Shihuang nor the literary inquisition in Qing Dynasty can affect its inheritance. In this way, the idea of benevolence has been passed down from generation to generation, but I don't know when this spirit changed.

Perhaps it began with corruption in the Qing Dynasty, and the good moral character handed down in the Spring and Autumn Period gradually dissipated. However, in today's society, it seems that the literal meaning advocated by Disciples' Rules is "filial piety when you enter, filial piety when you leave, loyalty when you believe, loving the masses, and being good at doing things, so you can learn literature" has disappeared. I observe this smoky world from the perspective of a junior high school student, and my heart is just full of desolation. Where is the glory of morality in history?

I don't know, and neither do I. Just standing as a bystander, I feel sad for life. In the shopping mall, a seemingly underage child, grinning with anger, completely ignored the strange eyes of others and quarreled loudly with his mother just to buy his beloved mobile phone. The poor old mother was silent, just watching her daughter leave quietly. Filial piety? In the eyes of these underage children, the first principle of Disciples Rules is really ridiculous. It seems that our time is more suitable for rebellion and madness ... but when the times really change, when we suddenly look back, we will feel how ignorant and naive we are when we look at this period of youth, and treat people who have been ashamed for a lifetime like this.

Believe it. Prudent and honest, there are many cautious people in society, but only a handful are honest. In this city, which is more and more wrapped in reinforced concrete and bound by daily necessities, honesty is insignificant and people are becoming more and more selfish.

Business partners in the market, intrigues in the company, and even the campus where we live are full of intrigues. We are becoming more and more hypocritical, and it seems that we all put on masks of disguise. In ancient times, people had close communication and sincere feelings, didn't they? number

Virtue and benevolence, such a beautiful character, can it really be passed down? How I hope and long for the power of morality to affect the pale heart.

Ahem, there is only one article that is similar to my feeling after reading it.

Question 7: What's the difference between chairman, CEO and general manager? The chairman is elected from the shareholders of the company and speaks on behalf of the shareholders; CEO is the chief executive officer, responsible for all the affairs of the company, often used in modern large enterprises;

The general manager manages the overall affairs of the company, similar to the CEO, but mostly used in small and medium-sized enterprises or a certain department of the enterprise.

Question 8: What do you mean by disciple? How to draw a picture of this meaning? Disciples Rules mainly talks about human nature, and people should be filial, faithful, humble, honest, kind and peaceful. Disciple's rules are the yardstick of our life, including daily behavior norms.

Painting can be done from filial piety (filial piety to parents), loyalty (kindness to brothers and sisters), loyalty (loyalty to monarch and ministers), and faith (friends have faith).

Question 9: Historical topic, what is the main idea embodied in Disciples Rules? The core idea of Di Zi Gui is filial piety and benevolence, which is the root of Confucius and Mencius' thought and China culture. It specifically lists the etiquette and norms that children should have when they are at home, going out, treating others and studying, with special emphasis on family education and life education.