Please introduce the gypsies.

Category: Humanities >> Foreign Literature

Problem description:

Who are they and where are they from? Can they really tell fortune? Where are they now?

Analysis:

Gypsy

According to the research of historians and linguists, Gypsies originally came from northwest India, their ancestors belonged to Caucasian arion, and their language belonged to Sanskrit in Indo-European language family. But according to written records, they appeared in Iran in the 5th-7th century, and15-16th century spread all over Europe.

When the British first came into contact with Gypsies, they thought they were from Egypt, so they were called "Egyptians". The name "Gypsy" is derived from the word "Egyptian".

Since15th century, the large-scale persecution of gypsies has almost never stopped. Nazi Germany, in particular, because Germans were proud to be arion people and compiled a set of theories about the advantages and disadvantages of race. As a result, more than 500,000 Gypsies died of racial persecution. In fact, Gypsies and historical Germans have the same blood.

Gypsies have been persecuted by westerners many times in history because of the following reasons:

1. The time when Gypsies moved westward generally coincided with the expansion of * * * religion. Although Gypsies tend to accept local religions, they are repeatedly accused of being the "vanguard" of * * * religions and persecuted.

2. Gypsies are mobile and engage in uncontrollable small businesses. For local authorities, they have destroyed social order. For continental Europeans who lack business traditions, they are jealous of their "privileges" and reject and attack them.

3. In culture and life, Gypsies form their own school, and their unrestrained singing and dancing are very infectious. For Christian culture, nature is a * * * and challenge.

Gypsies have always been good at medical skills (especially veterinarians), handicrafts and animal husbandry. However, the rapid development of industrial revolution in europe and science and technology makes the social contribution of Gypsies redundant. As a result, some people have to work as mechanical workers and technicians in factories, while others make a living by busking, reading photos, selling junk and even begging, which gives people a worse impression.

Since 1990s, Gypsies have been actively seeking to improve their status. 1 May 199418-21,1The European Gypsy Congress was held in Seville, Spain. Queen Sofia of Spain and Prime Minister Gonzalez attended the meeting. The General Assembly requested the European Commission to set up a Gypsy European Center, headquartered in Seville, to be responsible for investigation and organization. At the same time, various Roma organizations negotiate with European authorities on political, social and cultural issues through the center.

When it comes to Zgang people (also known as gypsies and Roma), most people always have such an image in their minds: enthusiastic, unrestrained and free and easy, wandering between the city and the countryside. Indeed, Zgang people have traveled all over Europe, Asia, America, North Africa and Australia, but since World War II, the Balkans has become the most concentrated area of Zgang people in the world. In the cities of Balkan countries, Zgang people are everywhere. In Yugoslavia, there is even a proverb that "a town cannot be called a town without Zgang people".

Wandering all the year round, unwilling to be detained

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Since the 11th century, any other laws of Gypsies have been the norm. Even today, 95% of gypsies still live in stone houses, but they still stick to the tradition of their ancestors and live closely together in a small space decorated with carpets, just like they used to live in an open carriage.

Only save some belongings that can be carried at any time, only choose occupations that can be changed frequently, and only marry the same wife chosen by my father. This can ensure that the team can set off for a long journey at any time. "Put your child on the chair. If her toes touch the mud, then she can get married. " This is a proverb circulating among gypsies.

Before Gobi 16 years old, her father found her a husband-Rone, 13 years old. Wedding is a big event in the family. Ophelia's father is a businessman and quite rich. This time, he invited a total of 300 guests and the wedding lasted for four days. On the third day, Ophelia will live in her husband's house.

The two families have been discussing this gift for several days. Gobi's father will give his daughter a dowry, and he will also receive gold from her husband's family. At this time, Ophelia is also worried about her future life. She will always be an outsider until she has a boy. When they reach the legal age, they will go to the local church or city hall to get married.

Some young people ran away in violation of clan etiquette. In the world where gypsies are monogamous and severely punish adultery, this is a heinous crime. If you marry a non-gypsy, you will be rejected by the tribe forever.

In their daily customs, there are two important concepts-purity and impure. For example, a woman's skirt accidentally sweeps into a man's bowl, so that bowl of vegetables will inevitably be dumped; In the convertible where they wander all the year round, there are always three buckets of water, one for washing food, one for washing face and the third for washing feet. If someone makes a mistake carelessly, they will be punished. It has its own court. When a person or a family has a dispute lawsuit, there is no trial prison. Punishment can kill a person, but it can't deprive a person of his freedom. Serious criminals classified as "unclean" will be excluded from the tribe. An isolated gypsy, the value of survival is almost zero.

For them, group life symbolizes an absolute right and value, and nothing is more important than peers and families; At the same time, there is no obstacle to prevent members from reuniting after separation.

When a gypsy woman gives birth to a baby before the legal age, another older woman will report the baby to her account; And if a couple who are too young want to share a room, they will be registered as brother and sister in the municipal archives. If the couple have children, they have to re-register, and people in the * * * organs often don't know.

A gypsy who loves fortune telling.

Fortune-telling is a traditional occupation of gypsies, especially gypsy women. Nowadays, there are few traditional gypsies with mysterious crystal balls. Fortune tellers mostly use special gypsy fortune-telling cards to tell people's fortune. Most gypsy fortune tellers can play a "good hand": they turn a deck of cards around in their hands, wave a stack, throw another stack with their backhand, and then let you draw a few cards from it.

For centuries, the traditional occupation of Gypsies has been "bearing people". They buy cubs from people who specialize in poaching, then pull out bears' teeth and sharp claws, and then train them to perform various performances. But today, there are not many people still engaged in this old industry. Most people prefer to take "shelter" as their occupation-receive relief subsidies from the Social Security Bureau. For them, this is not as shameful as begging, but a job given by God.

Gypsy language and culture have a history of more than 500 years in Europe. Nevertheless, in the French province of Great Britain, Gypsies are still regarded as foreigners and may be detained by the police at any time. And the related customs and agricultural land laws and regulations have also produced more and more unfavorable restrictions on it. Europeans always hope that Gypsies will continue to play guitar and dance by the campfire, but at the same time they hope that they will settle down, have a normal job, pay income tax regularly and send their children to school for education.

However, gypsies don't think so. They will continue to live like gypsies-wandering around.