Why is Nezha called "Nezha with Eight Arms"? Aren't Nezha's brothers Jin Bai and Bai Mu?

Why is Nezha called "Nezha with Eight Arms"? Aren't Nezha's brothers Jin Bai and Bai Mu? Interested readers can follow me to have a look.

This topic is puzzling at first glance. Isn't Nezha Superman with Six Arms? When did he gain two arms? What does Nezha City with Eight Arms mean? In fact, this eight-armed Nezha refers to Beijing, our capital, but it is really hard to understand. I don't know why Beijing is also called Nezha with Eight Arms. What exactly does Nezha City with Eight Arms mean and what is its connection with Beijing? Let's reveal the secret together today.

"Creature gate westbound, there is a well in the way on the north bank of the moat, with a stone cover on it. It is said that the main eunuch has the right to open this well. In the early Qing dynasty, some people advocated blocking the well. Feng Jian said:' This well cannot be destroyed. Beijing is the city of Nezha (now GM Nezha), with three heads and six arms, and also the navel of Nezha. If people have no navel, they will lose their physiological functions. Because it was sealed by a big stone. "

This is the record left by eunuch Xin in Memoirs of an Old Eunuch in the late Qing Dynasty. In the 28th year of Guangxu (AD 1902), he replaced Zhang as a eunuch and entered the palace at the age of 23. New Ming Xiu is a Taoist name. Because of his education (he failed in the exam, naval academy, hospital, etc.). ) and he was successfully cultivated, and he was called "Shen Xian Zhang" in the palace. Memories of the Old Eunuch records many details of the Qing Palace, which is hard to distinguish between true and false.

This record shows that at the latest in the late Qing Dynasty, the legend that "Old Beijing is the city of Nezha with eight arms" has been widely accepted. In 1950s, Mr. Jin Shoushen, a famous scholar, completed The Legend of Beijing, further perfecting the legend. The current population biographies are based on this, but there are many mistakes in this statement.

Due to the popularity of the animated film Nezha, Nezha has become a hot spot. It is worth noting that in ancient legends, Nezha has the biggest deformation and the most doubts. Take the source as an example, there are India, Iran, Egypt and so on. As for where you were born, there are Yibin in Sichuan, Jiangyou, Chentangzhuang in Tianjin and Nanyang in Henan.

In the face of numerous controversies, what should old Beijing, as the "Nezha City with Eight Arms", say?

Nezha's brother turned out to be Jiro.

Nezha wrote Nah before the Ming Dynasty, which was derived from Sanskrit Nata. It is generally believed that Nezha, from India, is the ghost king with three faces and eight arms (one said six arms) in Buddhism, and the third son of Vishamen Heavenly King (sometimes called the Heavenly King with more smells), one of the four heavenly kings.

It is said that King Pishaman has 9 1 sons, only the second son Dujian (the prototype of Erlang God) and the third son Nezha (it is also said that Nezha is Dujian's nephew) are more famous.

There are two translation problems here: first, the word "gate" written by Vishamun Tianwang was added by a translator in China, which caused misunderstanding by later generations; Secondly, Nezha's name is difficult to pronounce, because ancient Chinese can be divided into "literary reading" and "white reading". The former is common among scholars and the latter is popular in the market. They have different pronunciations. The word "literary reading" used by Nezha is similar to Sanskrit, but it is difficult to read.

Nezha's Chinese records appeared in the Tang Dynasty, which was not recorded before. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Nezha's names were also recorded as Inajufa, Rona Jiupo, Na Qiao Moment, Na Qiao Jubo, Na Zhi and so on. , but his story and later legends overlap:

First of all, Nezha did pick the meat and give it back to his parents. In other words, "Prince Ina tore the meat back to his mother, tore the bone back to his father, and now he speaks for his parents with great magic", but this is an active behavior, not a compulsion. Second, three heads and six arms. Third, the image of teenagers. According to Zheng Chuhui in the Tang Dynasty, "A Taoist (that is, a Taoist) tasted Taoism at night and stumbled, and some people took it. Gu saw a young man and asked, "Who is his apprentice?" The young man said, "A very unusual person, Prince Nezha of Pisha." "Fourth, I like to compete with dragons. That is to say, "subduing Asura people and all Tianlong people" is considered to be able to fight drought and flood.

Early image is a bad boy.

According to scholars' research, "Before and after the Northern Song Dynasty, the basic image of Nezha was ferocious hag god".

"The Ceremony of Wang Shoujun in the Northern Vishamen Heaven" written in the Tang Dynasty said: "At that time, the prince held a halberd and saw evil everywhere." "Those who are unkind and kill their hearts will also be hit on the head with a diamond rod."

In the picture of King Pishaman going to Nezha in Cave 146 in Dunhuang, there is a boy figure, which most scholars think is Nezha. Its shape is "big head, bull's-eye, broad nose facing the sky, bare upper body, bulging belly, wearing a collar bracelet, and holding hands folded over the head to show worship".

For Nezha, the literati in the Song Dynasty were quite critical. Su Zhe wrote a poem: "The North King has a crazy son who only knows how to worship Buddha but not his father. Buddha knows that language is difficult to teach, and the pagoda makes the father lift it with his left hand. " Confucianism attaches importance to filial piety and does not accept returning meat to parents. Judging from poetry, there have been stories such as tower suppression in Song Dynasty.

Strangely, Nezha is obviously the son of King Vishnu, so how did he become the son of Excavate?

Li is a pharmacist and a founding star of the Tang Dynasty. Being regarded as a god of war, he is in Nanping with Xiao Xian, Fu Gongyou in Nanping, East Turkic in the north and Tuguhun in the west. Therefore, temples are all over the people, mainly responsible for weather, insect pests and diseases. Song people praised him for saying, "Defending our country and defending our country, being Gong Li, assisting Tangmen, putting filial piety first, having a wonderful life, being wise as a god and being firm in principle."

In the Tang Dynasty, King Vishnu was also enshrined as a god of war. Originally only circulated in Khotan area, it belongs to tantric school. During the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Jun avoided the Western Regions. It is said that the capital prison once protected Emperor Xuanzong who fled to Sichuan. After the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Jun returned to Chang 'an and brought back the worship of Pishamen Heavenly King. By the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the statues of Pishamen Tianwang had spread all over the north.

How does Li Jing like to be a father?

When he was in Tang Suzong, he was punished by the separatist regime and the disloyalty of soldiers. He listed Li Jing in the Wu Temple and became one of the ten philosophers. In the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the repeated oppression of nomadic people, the imperial court longed for generals, and the people also added fuel to the flames, thus completely deifying the image of Li Jing. The images of Li Jing and Pi Shamen are gradually overlapping.

According to the research of scholar Sun Yimin, in the Yuan Dynasty, people mistakenly regarded Vishamun as a place name. Li Jingyi became the commander-in-chief of Vishnu, and some people further mistook Vishnu for Vishnu Palace. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Yang Jingxian wrote in Yang Donglai's Comments on Journey to the West: "A million heavenly soldiers will always return, and the Golden Pagoda will ascend to the north of the town, and the surname is known all over the world, from Vishnu to King Li Tianwang."

When Vishnu is no longer regarded as a living thing, his son will naturally be "occupied" by Li Jing.

Nezha comes from a Buddhist legend, but his master is a real Taiyi. Later, when he tried to kill his father, it was that man who saved Li Jing. This involves another great transformation of Nezha's image, which was completed in the Ming Dynasty.

According to Li Yihui, a scholar, Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, used religious superstitions to establish his prestige. By the time of Yongle Emperor Judy, he even claimed to be the incarnation of Zhenwu Emperor. Zhenwu Emperor is the God of the North, and his popularity among the people was not high before. After Judy usurped the throne, in order to clear her reputation, she dressed herself up as an image of "wholesale fighting Longquan, sweeping away evil spirits in the world and incarnating herself as a protector of the country".

In the atmosphere of advocating Taoism, the gods of other religions are also included. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Jiajing was superstitious and adopted Buddhism and Taoism. The confluence of the three religions has become the mainstream of the times, and ghost novels have flourished, among which Romance of Ghosts and Ghosts is one of the representative works.

Economic development promotes Nezha's equipment.

As we all know, The Romance of the Gods was rewritten from the Yuan Dynasty Pinghua, with a total of more than 40,000 words, which basically covered the main plot of the Romance of the Gods, but there was no story of Nezha. The related story is grafted from the voice gods of three religions.

From the Yuan Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, there were three kinds of folk gods that had the greatest influence: searching for Shen Guang Ji (Yuan Dynasty), searching for Shen Quan Shu (Ming Dynasty) and supplementary searching for Ji Shen (Ming Dynasty). Nezha in Seeking the Source of the Three Religions is a comprehensive version of various folklore at that time, which is inevitably influenced by the confluence of the three religions.

In the Ming Dynasty, there was another big change in Nezha, that is, under the impetus of the development of commodity economy, the equipment was upgraded unprecedentedly.

Nezha in the Tang Dynasty used a diamond stick and a halberd. In Yuan Zaju, Nezha possessed many kinds of weapons, but he mainly won with hydrangea. In the Ming Dynasty, Nezha's main weapon became a "purple-flame snake spear and fire-pointed gun", which was the standard of cavalry in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, Nezha has a demon knife. Since the Japanese invasion, the Ming army changed the sword into a knife, and Yanling knife became a standard weapon. Naturally, Nezha needs one.

In addition, Nezha also carries gold bricks with him, which may be the currency in the transaction at that time; As for hot wheels, it may be related to the popularity of firearms. In addition, after Nezha was born again, it took him three times to become superhuman powers. Similarly, in The Romance of the Gods, Lei Zhenzi ate red apricots to give birth to wings, while Yin Jiao ate beans to give birth to new life. In the novels of the Ming Dynasty, strange foods such as flat peaches and ginseng fruits appeared one after another, which may also reflect the prosperity of trade.

The flood always reminds me of Nezha.

After the localization of Nezha, he was deeply loved by the people, and was called Marshal Zhongtan, Marshal Luo Xian, Marshal Prince, Crown Prince Yu and Prince Ye. His image is more and more deeply rooted in people's hearts, and he mainly undertakes the functions of midwifery, drought resistance, exorcism and disease removal.

Mr. Jin Shoushen suggested that Liu Ji and Yao specially opened the door 1 1 when planning Beijing, because the combination of three heads, six arms and two feet happened to be 1 1. As for the internal correspondence, Mr. Jin's memory is not as detailed as the book Looking for Old Beijing by Englishman Arlington and others.

According to the latter's records, the front door is Nezha's head, Chessboard Street is his nose, Zhonghua Gate is his mouth, Shuangjing in the south of Chessboard Street is his eyes, Chongwen Gate is his right shoulder, Xuanwu Gate is his left shoulder, Fuchengmen is his left hand, Baita is his spear, Donghuamen and Xihuamen are his knees, Andingmen and Deshengmen are his feet (the two temples below are hot wheels), and the Forbidden City.

At present, the earliest written record comes from "The Myth and Legend of China" written by an Englishman Werner. It is said that when Judy left Nanjing for Beijing, Liu Bowen gave him a kit containing the urban design scheme of old Beijing.

Mr. CHAN Hok-lam, a well-known scholar who has studied this, pointed out that there are many mistakes in Jin Shoushen's statement: there is no evidence that Liu Ji and Yao have cooperated; In the Ming Dynasty, Beijing followed the model of the Yuan Dynasty. When the Ming Dynasty moved the capital, Yao had died.

In fact, there was a legend in the Yuan Dynasty that "Old Beijing was the city of Nezha with eight arms", and the Ming Dynasty only inherited the legend of the Yuan Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Yu wrote in "Summer Songs": "Most of them are surrounded by eleven gates, and the grass and soil build that city." Only the Yuan Dynasty said that the designer was Liu, while the Ming Dynasty said that the designers were Liu Ji and Yao.

Nezha's participation may be due to the fact that ancient Beijing was called "the land of suffering" and flooded. People expect the fairy who can clean up the dragon to appear.

Although I left my name, I didn't leave my temple.

Claiming to be "Nezha City with Eight Arms", Nezha's position in Beijing is not high. In the Yuan Dynasty, a grand celebration was held every February, but after the Yuan Dynasty, related activities disappeared.

Mr. CHAN Hok-lam discovered that there was a temple in old Beijing in Qing Dynasty, which was in the southwest of Xiannongtan, adjacent to Taoranting and Heilongtan (now longtan lake). By the time of the Republic of China, no book recorded that it was built during the Qianlong period, and the brocade was built for public use. The real estate covers ten acres and six miles, and there are four houses. Management and use are public places. There are statues scattered in the temple, two clay wax sticks, a shovel, five stone monuments and a locust tree. "

Nezha was revered by Taize as the founder and built such a small temple. Tapestry line mainly produces "printed ribbons, Confucian tapestries, hook ears, skirt tapestries and knots". Legend has it that Nezha was cut in half by Li Jing and tied together with a tapestry to prove that the product is solid. It is also said that Nezha's dragon lacing is a tapestry, and Li Jing's harness shows that the products of tapestry are as tough as dragon lacing.

As can be seen from the tombstone, Ina Temple was established in the third year of Qianlong (1738) and the forty years of Qianlong (1775), when the trade was relatively prosperous, and Taenia organized a large-scale product fair here. At the time of Jiaqing, the industry seemed to have been depressed, resulting in some people in the industry in Beijing being "down and out, unable to help themselves return home" and having nowhere to live.

In 1946, an author wrote in 147 Pictorial: "The temple (Ina Temple) is just a small one. It is a statue dedicated to Nezha. It is quite vivid with a gun. " Later, in order to build Taoranting Park, Ina Temple was demolished. The legend of "Nezha City with Eight Arms" has been preserved in more than 780,000 legends in Beijing.