Hunan ancient painting operas

Hunan ancient painting drama is a kind of Han drama in Hunan. As the general name of Hunan ancient painting dramas. Due to different popular areas, there are six schools of ancient paintings, including Changsha, Yueyang, Hengzhou, Shaoyang, Changde and Yongzhou, with different artistic styles. Changsha Huagu Opera is a Hunan Huagu Opera with Changsha Mandarin as the stage language and great influence. It is popular in Yiyang, Nanxian, Yuanjiang, Taojiang, West Lake (Dongting Lake is divided into two areas), Changsha, Ningxiang, Xiangyin, Wangcheng, Liuyang, Xiangtan and Zhuzhou in Hunan Province. /kloc-for more than 60 years, it has developed from rural folk songs, folk tunes and local flower drums (including flower drums and ground flower drums-flower drum lanterns).

On the stage of Dihua Valley, it is from the "second small" (clown, Xiao Dan) to the "third small" (second small plus small students), and then from the "third small" to various roles. However, it is still an important feature of Changsha ancient painting drama.

In the traditional repertoire of Changsha ancient paintings and operas, there are a large number of small plays and passbook plays, which are the most distinctive and representative repertoires. Small plays include "opposite plays" and "three small plays". Traditional Chinese operas are mostly developed on the basis of folk songs, fishing songs, minor tunes, flower drums and bamboo lanterns. Zhezi opera is often performed as a solo in Big Ben's opera, and it is the most popular repertoire in ancient painting opera. After the founding of New China, relying on the cooperation of old artists and literary and art workers, the traditional plays of Changsha ancient paintings and operas have been excavated and adapted. There are 50 scripts such as Chopping Wood with Liu Hai, Lulin Club, Yin and Yang Fan, Rent Collection in Nanzhuang and Golden Frog in Liu Hai Play.

Musically, it belongs to "Qupai couplets". The method of couplets is to connect many tunes with the same tone according to the needs of shaping the image and keeping the layout of the vocal cavity unified and coordinated, so as to achieve the purpose of depicting characters and expressing the plot. However, in terms of expression techniques, it is supplemented by plate changes to make up for the lack of tunes.

Changsha tune can be divided into three categories: Sichuan tune, Gong tune and minor tune. The first two categories are called "positive tune", which have relatively fixed vocal cavity format and melody characteristics; The melody, rhythm and mode of the latter kind of tunes have changed greatly, and the original folk song structure has been basically maintained. Paper-cut music of Changsha ancient painting drama, with tunes from folk songs and classical music cards.

On the basis of "three small", Changsha ancient painting drama has developed the roles of life, Dan, Jing and Ugliness. However, the clown, Xiao Dan and Xiao Sheng still represent the unique artistic style of the play. Clowns can be divided into wrinkle ugliness, short body ugliness, official clothes ugliness, rotten cloth ugliness, milk ugliness and so on.

The accompaniment band of Changsha ancient painting drama is divided into two scenes: civil and military. There is a drum suona in the literary field. Drum is the main musical instrument, shaped like erhu, made of bamboo snake skin, with clear and rich timbre, which is used to keep the tune in accompaniment; Suona is divided into big suona and small suona, which are mainly used for knocking on doors. There are drums, gongs (Su Gong), big notes (Han Notes), small notes and small gongs in the martial arts field. Clap your hands is "Kezi" (that is, rectangular bangzi). Yueyang Flower Drum Opera is popular in Yueyang, Linxiang, Tongcheng, Chongyang and other places in Hubei. Jiaqing's "Baling County Records" in Qing Dynasty recorded the prosperity of flower drum drama in rural areas around Baling.

As far as music is concerned, the main vocal cavity of Yueyang Opera's ancient painting cavity is called "Qin cavity". The tunes of "Shaanxi Opera" include [single sentence], [double sentence], [dreamy tone], [yin tone] and [sad tone]. Other folk songs, such as Sifu Tune, Acacia Tune, Noisy Wugeng, Ten Embroideries, Huimen Tune, Ten Cups of Wine, and Plum Blossom Introduction, are also commonly used in it. Obviously, Qiang Qin was influenced by Korean tunes. There are many repertoires in Yueyang ancient painting drama, mainly based on "Qin Opera".

In the late Qing Dynasty, Yueyang ancient painting opera "Qinqiang" spread to Tongcheng and Chongyang in southeastern Hubei. Because the music is homologous and the language is similar, it is deeply loved by local people. And into the local folk songs and folk music, coloratura minor. Gradually formed a new local opera, called "violin play".

The main repertoires include Four Clothes, Toning Back, The Story of Lin Lu, Double Lotus, Double Selling Wine, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, etc.

Whether it is "Qinqiang Opera" or "Chuandiao", Heizi is accompanied by strings such as flowers and drums, and his pronunciation is gloomy and simple.

Yueyang ancient painting opera and Changsha ancient painting opera are collectively called "Gong Opera". "Gong cavity" is also called "Gong cavity", that is, when singing, it is accompanied by gongs and drums, regardless of strings and voices. Before liberation, Jingzhou ancient painting drama was accompanied by gongs and drums, and the voices helped each other. Wenchang's accompaniment was only added in the 1950s. On the basis of local gongs and drums such as [Mupi tune], [Troy tune], [Ciqi tune], [Liu Si tune] and [Batong brand], the ancient painting dramas in Yueyang and Changsha absorbed some banqiang music from urchins, forming a combined structure of [guide board], [third-rate], [emergency board] and [scattered board].

Yueyang ancient painting opera and Changsha ancient painting opera also have a third tune, called "minor", which is local folk music with strong local flavor. For example, folk songs such as "Tea Picking Tune", "Looking at Mother Tune", "Inverted Tune", "Four Seasons Green", "Lotus Picking Boat Tune" and "Vegetable Washing Heart". However, some classical gongs and drums in the Han Dynasty were also used as music to cut the field, such as "Wan Nianhuan", "A Flower", "Moth", "Victory Order", "Liu" and "Beside the Dresser".

Yueyang ancient painting drama and Changsha ancient painting drama have become independent dramas. The earliest performance was "Erxiao" with few plots, that is, the "Sanxiao" song and dance drama, which was ugly all its life, mostly used local minor, and later influenced by dramas such as Han Opera, it performed plays with strong plots and more characters.

Because of the low drama level of minor, they absorbed the Han tunes which are adjacent to it and similar in language and pronunciation, and formed the later "Qin tunes" or "Sichuan tunes" and some "Gong tunes". And in the process of long-term stage performance, local music has been integrated, and the melody characteristics are relatively fixed. The ancient painting opera house called it "the right tune". The formation of "orthodox tune" makes up for the lack of minor and the combination of qupai, which makes the ancient painting opera have the musical conditions for performing this drama. Hengzhou ancient painting drama is a kind of folk drama popular in southern Hunan. Different places have different names. The lanterns in Hengyang, Hengnan, Leiyang and Changning, the ground flower drums in Youxian and Chaling, the lanterns in Anren, the lanterns in Yongxing and the Diao Chan in Jiangyou. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was once called Hengju. 1954, Hengyang ancient painting drama was named by Hunan Provincial Cultural Bureau. 1983, when editing and sorting out China's Drama Hunan Volume, it was named Hengzhou Ancient Painting Drama.

Zhang (19 10- 1966) is called Snow Duck. Actor of Hengzhou ancient painting and drama. Hengyang county people. When he was six years old, his father died and his mother married, leaving him alone. Tang, the master of Jiulidu, was merciful and accepted him as his adopted son. At the age of nine, he followed Deng Jinsheng to learn to sing Hengzhou ancient paintings. An An, who is famous for his performance "An An Delivers Meals", is very popular with teachers and often runs around the country behind his back. A little longer, Xi Danxing, because of falling tone, changed to live (musician). In the 19th year of the Republic of China (1930), Yu Ting's voice gradually recovered, and Wang Chunhe, the top scholar, advised him to learn from Qu. He played Zhang Jinsheng in Golden Goblet Awards for the first time, because of his handsome appearance, big eyes and delicate performance, he won a full house. Since then, Snow Cliff has been popular in Hengzhou Flower Drum Art Circle for more than 30 years. Zhang is good at acting a poor scholar's play, and his representative works include Yang Chunlong and Zhu Maichen. Yang Chunlong, played by him, sang a tearful song (crying in Sichuan) in the scene of "Meeting in the East Pavilion", which made people cry. His singing is very distinctive, with strong articulation, catchy and melodious tunes. Yang Chunlong played the fishing drum even more brilliantly, exposing Liu Hongji's despicable behavior of being too poor to love the rich, laughing and cursing, and never getting tired of watching it. Zhu Maichen, played by him, set off Cui Shi's roughness with simplicity in the scene of "Getting Married", and interpreted Zhu Maichen's poor but not vulgar, stupid but not stupid character just right. Zhou Enlan, who plays Cui Shi, said, "When you are acting with Teacher Zhang, you can pull him into the play, but you can do a good show without acting." He cut it, walked around, bowed slightly, grabbed the hem of his clothes with his left hand and swung his sleeves obliquely with his right hand. His figure is very beautiful, and now he is imitated by Sheng Xing. 1955 Zhang participated in the second xiang opera viewing performance and played Wei in the passbook play "The Blue Bridge over the Water". This is a one-man show, paying equal attention to singing and doing. His acting skills are exquisite, especially when performing on the Shuiman Bridge, and his characters' emotions and water potential are distinct. He was praised by experts such as Luo Heru, Guo Hancheng and Hu Sha of China Opera Research Institute and won the first prize as an actor. He plays a wide range of plays, such as Zhang Tianshi in Chasing Fish, the humorous elder sister in Liu Hai Chopping Wood, Huang Boxi in Life and Death Card and the political commissar of the Volunteers in Red Sun in Keshan, all of which are vivid and colorful. Innovative tunes (second-rate West Lake), (West Lake Handmade Noodles) and (Sanchuan Tune Board) have become the reserved tunes of Hengzhou ancient painting drama. Zhang is a member of Chinese Dramatists Association, a director of Hunan Dramatists Association and a member of Hengyang CPPCC. From 1950 to his death, he served as the head of Hengyang Ancient Painting Troupe. (Source: China Opera Records-Hunan Volume)

Zhang (19 10- 1966) is a famous actor in Hengzhou Opera. Zhang, a native of Jiulidu, Hengyang County. When I was six years old, my father died and my mother got married. My master Tang was filled with pity and accepted him as his adopted son. Tang had disciples Deng Jinsheng and Deng Mingshan, who also learned flower drums, so he taught Zhang. At the age of 9, he joined the winning class with his teacher and performed grinding bean curd, crossing the river and other operas with his classmates. It's true to play Ann in "Send Rice in Anli" and play Ann in "An Tang Meets Mom". Mother and son are inseparable, which makes people cry. A little longer, professional, every time he falls, he loses his voice, is despised and bullied. Change the scene (musician) and learn from Wang Zhaori. In the Republic of China 19 (1930), Wang Chunhe, the top scholar, sympathized with Yu Ting's life and experience, hired him as a disciple with full salary, and persuaded Xi Xiaosheng to teach him many Xiao Sheng plays such as Visiting Friends-Meeting Articles and Yang Chunlong Writing Divorce. After the sound is restored, it is soft and rhythmic. In the same year, he performed "Golden Jubilee" in Hengyang "Art Garden" and played Zhang Jinsheng. Because of his outstanding skills, he disguised himself as a man, performed skillfully and vividly, and became famous for a while. Not satisfied, I worshipped the teacher of Ronghua class, and studied Wen Wusheng in traditional operas such as Anti-Love, Blue Bridge Society, Dabandong, Stealing Home and Losing My Sister. Performed in Hengyang, Leiyang, Changning, Chenzhou and Hengshan all the year round, and made great progress.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the government set up Hengyang Hengju Task Force, with Zhang as the vice-captain. 1955 Participated in the 2nd xiang opera Exhibition, played Wei in the Blue Bridge Exhibition, and was highly praised by experts such as Luo Hanru and others from China Opera Research Institute, and won the first prize as an actor. From 65438 to 0956, he attended a seminar for opera actors organized by the Central Ministry of Culture, and studied under artists such as Mei Lanfang and Cheng. 1950 was elected as the head of Hengyang Ancient Painting Troupe. Although his administrative work is heavy, he still continues to take part in the performance, whether he plays the leading role or supporting role, he is careful and meticulous. He played in the movies, the fox in The Golden Toad, Huang Boxi in The Field of Life and Death, and The Story of Jin Lin, with different personalities. Both experts and laymen are impressed by the breadth of the road. Playing the role of modern drama is also very successful. He plays a retired cadre in Young Generation, an old farmer in Red Star Shines High, a doctor Dong in Hot Blood Jianghu and a political commissar in Red Sun in Keshan, all of which can create distinctive characters.

Zhang's culture is not high, but he is good at absorption and innovation. In the early 1950s, he learned from Changsha (West Lake Tune), improved with musicians, and developed plate music to replace Nanbei Road, ending the history of using xiang opera Tune in ancient paintings. During the rehearsal of "Life and Death Card-Other Women", there was a long lyric, and there was no suitable music card at the moment. He created several pieces of his own (Sanchuan tune), which is very distinctive and has become one of the reserved accents of Hengzhou ancient painting and drama. Changde Flower Drum Opera is mainly popular in Changde, Taoyuan, Hanshou, Linli, Dayong, Cili and other places. It originated from folk "tea-picking lamps" and "car lamps" and flowed into cities in the late Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Xuan Tong, Changsha Daily recorded that Changde banned the performance of "Lantern Opera", which forced the ancient painting opera to co-perform with Han Opera, and was directly influenced by Changde Han Opera. Before liberation, many artists of ancient paintings and operas studied China operas and joined Han classes. They often perform "two pots" in harmony with Chinese, which is called "two classes" locally. This situation continued until after liberation.

Changde's music is also "Sichuan tune", "Gong tune" and "minor". The main repertoires are Watching Flowers in the Shadows, Jumping on the Pink Wall, Picking Mushrooms, Going Down the Mountain, and The Death of Second Sister You, which were adapted after liberation. Modern new drama "Country Veterinary".

In addition to vocal music, many traditional plays in Hunan Opera are moved from Han Opera. It is said that there are hundreds of them, such as Song Jiangsha, Meilong Opera Phoenix, Temple Burning Incense, Huaiyin Songzi, Qingfeng Pavilion, and Catching Dishes.