Why did emperors in the late Qing Dynasty have short lives?

In ancient times, people's life expectancy was 60 years old, and most people's life expectancy was only about 40 to 50 years old. The main reasons are the underdeveloped medical level, natural disasters, wars and other factors. But in the palace, the emperor lived a luxurious life. Why can't they live longer?

Emperors of the Qing Dynasty did not live long except Kangxi Qianlong. I think this reason is mainly caused by the royal consanguineous marriage. Some studies have shown that because couples who are married by close relatives contain more identical genes, it is easy to produce some bad invisible harmful genes, which may be passed on to future generations, so they will give birth to children with poor quality.

In ancient times, in order to consolidate the imperial power, the royal family did not want to let the power fall into other people's hands, and also to ensure the purity of the royal blood, so they were generally married by close relatives, as the saying goes. We can usually see this in film and television dramas. Generally, the royal wedding is first Manchu and then Han. This is because the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, Nurhachi, was Manchu, and most of them used to live in grassland areas, so people with Manchu descent were more distinguished.

Although Kangxi Qianlong had close relatives who got married, they all lived long in the end, but most of their children died prematurely or were born deformed or did not live long. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the most typical example was the three emperors Tongzhi, Guangxu and Puyi, all of whom had no children, all of whom were caused by the marriage of close relatives.

Why did the Qing Dynasty have such feudal thoughts? Of course, we were also in a feudal society at that time, and this thought originated from the earliest marriage view of Ligustrum lucidum. People often say that "at home from the father, married from the husband, the husband died from the child", which is a serious constraint on women by feudal ethics. At that time, after the husband died, his wife and concubines could be passed on to his brother and even son. In fact, women are regarded as an object and can be given away at will. Just as emperors sometimes reward meritorious ministers. Later, in order to deal with the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji wooed Mongolia, a powerful partner, and vigorously promoted the marriage policy between Manchu and Mongolia.

Another reason is that there were many wars in the early Qing dynasty, and the emperor himself was in good health and could exercise regularly. However, in the late Qing Dynasty, emperors did not exercise much. They used to ride horses, and kings were generally good at riding and shooting. Later emperors liked to indulge in debauchery, so let's say Tongzhi Emperor. Usually, Empress Dowager Cixi was too strict, so the eunuch took him in and out of the fireworks place and finally died of illness.

As for the health status of the Qing emperor, there is no clear record in historical materials. We can only roughly conclude these two reasons, but I think consanguineous marriage is still the main reason. After all, it has scientific basis and is also banned in modern times. Therefore, the influence on the royal family is still great.