Agricultural cultural heritage of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan

Wonton Noodles is an indispensable part of Hong Kong's food culture. Wonton is wonton. The earliest wonton was made of whole pork, so it was called "pure meat wonton".

Wonton in ancient times was very particular. It should be fat and thin, made into minced meat, and the authentic one should be cut first and then chopped. Now most of the wonton noodles we usually eat are shrimp wonton noodles, and the materials of wonton noodles are wonton skin, shrimp and pork.

Wonton Noodles is made of Wonton Noodles and boiled soup. Wonton tastes smooth, the entrance of noodles is elastic, which makes people memorable, and noodles are more elastic and chewy. Wonton is rich in nutrients such as protein and starch.

Macao statue sculpture

More than 400 years ago, fishery was an important economic pillar of Macao. Fishermen worship their ancestors on fishing boats before fishing, but because most fishermen can't read, they use figurines instead of ancestral clan names. At the same time, fishermen will encounter unpredictable risks when they go fishing in the sea. Therefore, fishermen will put statues and tablets at the bow and other positions to ensure safety, and the statue carving industry came into being. At that time, idol shops, commonly known as "doll shops", became a market and flourished.

Statue sculpture in Macao is an excellent folk art in Macao and an industry with extremely high technical requirements. Its manufacturing process includes design, material selection, carving, splicing, polishing, painting, sticking linen, priming oil (primer), drawing lines, sticking gold foil and painting. Each link has high technical requirements and requires special skills and experience.

There are many kinds of statues and carvings in Macao, and the finished products have their own characteristics. Technicians make sculptures in strict accordance with the modeling characteristics and requirements of various statues.

1. Fishermen believe in idols

In the past, many fishermen could not read, so they could only use images to represent words, and worship and sacrifice with intuitive wood carving idols. The size of the statues used for ancestor worship represents the level of generations. Fishermen made in Macao believe in many kinds of gods, some of which are the same as those of Buddhism, Taoism and folk beliefs.

Each fishing boat will be dedicated to nine great gods, family gods and bow cards. The gods in front of the nine gods are Tianhou, Hongsheng, Jinhua, Huaguang, Guanyin, Beidi, Guandi, Wang Chen and Cai Bo. If you worship Zhu Daxian, it is usually placed next to the Great God card; In front of the family god card is the family fairy, including "xianggong" card, riding dragon and tiger, single horse, riding crane and so on; The gods placed in front of the bow card are Jo Jiang and Wanghai.

2. Taoism and folk belief idols

The gods of Taoism and folk beliefs in Macau generally include: Lv Zu, Taishang Laojun, Jade Emperor, Doum, Kuixing, Zhenwu, Mazu, Guan, Wang Lingguan, Eight Immortals, Tudi, Zhong Kui, Jigong, Nezha, Luban, Hua Tuo, and Lady Jinhua.

3. Buddha statue

There are many kinds of Buddhist statues, such as: Three Buddhas, Three Sages of Hua Yan, Three Sages of Women, Three Sages of the West, Guanyin and its attendant, golden couple, Sakyamuni, Manjushri, Pu Xian, Dizang, Zhunti, Galand, Jail, Luohan, Maitreya, Vanity Hiding, Obstacle Holding and King Kong. Heaven: such as Brahma, Indra and Wei Tuo.

In 2008, Macao sculpture was selected as the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection projects.

Water crab porridge

Macao is located at the junction of salt and fresh water, and the crabs produced are delicious.

Water crab porridge is the essence of three kinds of crabs: water crab, cream crab and meat crab, and is made from special oyster porridge. Crabs are all made of local crabs, because the crabs in Macao grow at the junction of Yuxian and Danshui, and the crabs taste fresh and sweet, and the meat is rich and refreshing. The crabs in the water crab porridge are chopped into large pieces, which can prevent the broken shells of crabs from mixing into the porridge, affecting the taste and being unsafe. As soon as the freshly baked water crab porridge is served, you will be attracted by its delicious taste and the appearance of Huang Chengcheng, which will make your mouth water. Porridge is not thick or light, rich in crab roe and delicious crab meat, full of crab fragrance.

Dasanba memorial archway

There are many western-style Catholic churches in Macao, among which St. Paul's church is the oldest and most famous, and people are used to calling it "the three big buses". The archway architecture of Dasanba combines the styles of European Renaissance and Oriental architecture, and embodies the blending of eastern and western arts, with fine carving and great momentum. A triangular pyramid shape consisting of three to five floors, whether it is the towering cross at the top of the archway, the statue of the infant under the bronze pigeon, or the statue of the Virgin surrounded by angels and flowers, is full of rich religious flavor and gives people beautiful enjoyment. The statues on the archway are lifelike and can be called "three-dimensional Bible".

St Paul's Cathedral is one of the most representative "Eight Scenes of Macao", which is located at the foot of Fort Hill, adjacent to the Macao Museum, and on the left is the Fort Scenic Area. It is the ruins of the front wall of the Church of Notre Dame (St. Paul's Church) and has been reborn from the fire. The architecture combines the styles of European Renaissance and Oriental architecture, reflecting the blending of eastern and western arts, with fine carving and magnificent appearance.

In 2005, the China government successfully declared the World Cultural Heritage to UNESCO, and the St. Paul Archway became a part of the historic city of Macau. Although the St. Paul archway has lost the actual function of the church, it is closely related to the life of Macao people. Various cultural activities are held here from time to time, and the long steps in front of the archway just become natural seats, which makes the archway suddenly become a huge set and a natural stage.

Alishan alpine tea

There are green tea gardens everywhere on the roads and highways in Alishan Mountain area. In recent ten years, tea has become the largest cash crop in Alishan area. Oolong tea and Jinxuan are the main tea varieties.

The alpine camellia in Alishan grows on the low-temperature hillside above 1000 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by fog all the year round, with plenty of water, sunshine, clear and excellent water quality, and advanced tea-making technology, which can be said to be "outstanding". Its tea is not only pure and fragrant, but also sweet and mellow, resistant to foaming, which can be described as the top grade of tea. Local tea farmers can master the characteristics of Alishan tea and display the characteristics of alpine tea with semi-fermented green tea, which makes it widely favored by the tea industry.

The alpine tea in Alishan is most famous for its Zhulu tea in Shizhuo and Longzhu tea in Ruili. Pearl dew tea soup is clear and golden, fragrant, sweet and pure, and highly praised; Longzhu tea not only has the pure quality of alpine tea, but also becomes one of the representatives of alpine tea in Alishan with its excellent tea-making technology and successful production and marketing pipeline.

Pineapple tart

There are pineapple cake all over Taiwan Province, and pineapple cake in Taichung is very famous. Pineapple stuffing is bought and sold every day, which attracts many foreigners. The crust is crisp, with a natural creamy aroma, and the stuffing is moderately chewy, sweet but not greasy, with a natural pineapple fruit aroma.

The origin of pineapple cake, there is a joke to explain the origin of pineapple cake. In the battle between chocolate and pineapple, whoever loses wins. The answer is chocolate. Because the chocolate bar and pineapple lost, it is also called "pineapple cake". Of course, this is just a joke of Bo Jun's smile.

Generally speaking, during the Three Kingdoms period (AD 220-280), Liu Bei married Sun Quan's sister with a wedding cake made of pineapple stuffing. In the wedding custom of Taiwan Province Province, there are six flavors of wedding cake, representing six kinds of gifts. One of them, pronounced in Taiwanese in pineapple, is also called "Wanglai", which symbolizes that future generations want to come and is deeply loved by the people. Early pineapple cake was too big for ordinary people to spend. Nearly a hundred years ago, there was a pastry chef named Yan Ping in Taichung County, who often took the burden and brought his own "dragon and phoenix cakes" to Taichung to sell. The original "dragon cake" is a big round cake with meat stuffing, while the "phoenix cake" of the same size is filled with pineapple stuffing. Because of its auspicious meaning, "Dragon and Phoenix Cake" is considered as an essential wedding cake for engagement and marriage. Later, after the improvement of Yan vase, the egg cake was reduced to about 25 to100g each, and pineapple cake was born.

Taiwan Province Province is not only rich in pineapples, but also represents the auspicious meaning of "Wanglai" (the language of southern Fujian pineapples) in folk customs. Therefore, this snack has become more popular in Taiwan Province province.

Pineapple cake's stuffing is not just pineapple. Wax gourd is usually added for taste, which is the habit of most people. In recent years, health preservation has become popular, and pineapple cake with different flavors such as whole grains, pine nuts, egg yolks and chestnuts can be bought on the market in Taipei. Ingredients such as oats are also added to the crust, which makes the taste more diverse. Some people used other fruits as fillings and invented things such as melon crisp, plum crisp and sour plum crisp.

Later, it evolved into a modern "pineapple cake", made of western-style pie crust and Chinese pineapple stuffing. Because the skin is soft and the pineapple stuffing is sweet but not greasy, this pineapple cake, which combines Chinese and Western cultures, has been praised by western Renye Fang, and has gradually become one of the favorite gifts of foreign tourists in Taiwan Province Province.

Saltwater bee cannon

Salt water bee cannon is a famous local folk activity during the Lantern Festival in Taiwan Province Province. Refers to a large shooting battery composed of many celestial cannons. When it was lit, all the cannons were fired together, just like a bee colony where they built their nest, so it was called "bee cannon".

The activity of setting off firecrackers by bees probably began in 1 1 in Guangxu period of Qing dynasty, when plague was prevalent in salt water area. Based on folk customs, residents prayed for peace to the local "Guan Jun" (Guan Gong), and according to the divination results, on the night of the Lantern Festival, they asked Zhou Cang to leave the temple and set off firecrackers all the way through Guan Jun's temple, which later evolved into a place.

Nowadays, the salt water bee cannon has become a planned large-scale activity, and the ancient street has been restored with the cooperation of history and sightseeing. In 2006, Sanfu Street in the salt water area was set as the ancient cannon street in Tainan City, and the merchants in Lianhuan Street used ancient methods to make firecrackers, such as bamboo rolling cannons and single-tube retro fireworks.

Cooking skills of Portuguese local dishes

Native Portuguese cuisine is a kind of food culture based on Portuguese cooking, which combines the ingredients and cooking methods used by African, Indian, Malaya and local Chinese, and the cooking skills of various places. It is a food culture that has been integrated for hundreds of years, and it is also an important historical product of Portuguese navigation culture.

Portuguese food is essential in Macao. A classic Portuguese meal is usually like this: before serving, there is a strong curry flavor, and the chicken cooked with turmeric powder is wrapped in potatoes, onions, black olives and Portuguese sausages. Pick up a piece and put it in your mouth. Chicken is spicy and slightly spicy, full of flavor. The fragrance of coconut milk permeates your mouth. The taste of happiness contains a sense of loss that cannot be described in which country.

This is the charm of Portuguese local cuisine.

Fusion is its label. Native Portuguese cuisine is based on Portuguese cooking, compatible with ingredients and cooking methods used by African, Indian, Malaysian and local Chinese, and combined with the cooking strengths of various places, showing a unique development pattern. It is a food culture that has been integrated for hundreds of years, and it is also an important historical product of Portuguese navigation culture.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, the Portuguese arrived in Macau by boat along the west coast of Africa, bypassing the Cape of Good Hope and passing through India and Malacca. During the long voyage and berthing along the coast, the Portuguese gradually integrated the lifestyles and eating habits of different regions, nationalities and cultures in Africa and Asia into their daily lives. When they settled in Macau, China on the South China Sea coast, they combined their European culture and different customs along the way with the lifestyle of China people, and gradually formed the "cooking skills of Portuguese local cuisine".

Spice is its soul. Portuguese call all kinds of condiments added in food and drink "spices". Oriental spices are the main commodities in Europe-East China Sea trade, which bring rich profits to Portuguese. Therefore, the Portuguese were the first Europeans to understand oriental spices and trade. Curry, cinnamon, cardamom, pepper and cloves are all important discoveries made by the Portuguese in India and Southeast Asia. Using these seasonings, the Portuguese gradually formed a unique cooking method. After the fusion of eastern and western food cultures, a variety of dishes with rich colors, rich flavors and delicious tastes have been produced.

Nowadays, the cooking skills of the Portuguese native to Macao have been widely recognized, and were listed in the intangible cultural heritage list of Macao on 20 12. At the same time, this skill has also spread to all parts of the world with the migration of local Portuguese, and has become one of the cooking skills with international influence and characteristics.

Land custom belief

"Earth God", also known as "Fude" and "Uncle Gong", is one of the most popular gods in China. Believers believe that it is in charge of one side of the land and protects the lives, health and wealth of residents. Every year on the second day of the second lunar month, it is Dibao's birthday, commonly known as "headline number". Some land temple fairs in Macao hold grand birthday celebrations, including blessing, lion awakening, magic performances and banquets. This is an important sacrifice and festival activity for the Chinese community in Macao.

"Drunk Dragon Dance" and "Lion Dance"

In the traditional culture of Macao, every year on the second day of the second lunar month, a "drunken dragon and lion awakening conference" will be held. Drunk Dragon Dance originated in Shi Qi, Zhongshan City. Drunken dragons are different from common dragon dances. They only have a dragon head and a dragon tail, and there is no dragon body. The martial artist who danced the drunken dragon was so drunk that he was a little drunk and danced boldly. "Wake up the Lion" is the finishing touch to a new "lion", and the ceremony is very grand.

preserved fruit

For many people, Hong Kong is no stranger. From the blockbusters made in Hong Kong to the bright stars of TVB, or the unique Hong Kong flavor in the streets and lanes, people are lingering. In addition to its reputation as a shopping paradise, Hong Kong is often called the food capital.

When you come to Hong Kong, besides visiting famous tea restaurants, wonton stalls and dessert shops, there are also some old brands that you may be interested in. For example: a smell that lasted for half a century-Yao Feng Guo Liang.

On the streets of Causeway Bay, it is not so easy to find Yao Feng, the legendary most expensive preserved fruit shop in the world. In a narrow street, along the crowded crowd, you will miss it if you are not careful. Looking back, Yao Feng's red signboard suddenly stood up. Entering the store through the ancient and quaint door plaque is like being in an old Shanghai movie in the 1930s. In the not spacious storefront, there are more than 300 kinds of preserved fruit snacks, which are neatly arranged, and the names and prices are marked on large glass bottles and jars. A handmade plum costs more than ten dollars. Some people call it the Porsche of snacks.

In early Hong Kong, preserved fruits without local brands were mostly imported from Vietnam and Thailand. Mr. Situ Lao, the founder of Yao Feng, found the secret recipe for making preserved fruit from his neighbors. It was preserved by hand, pure natural and exclusive, and retained the essence of "that's the taste". Si Tuleideng's three generations of masters have also changed from generation to generation, but the formula of Yao Feng's handmade preserved fruit has not changed. From fruit selection, cleaning, air drying to pickling, all procedures are cooked by professional masters. Let every grain, every piece, always taste the same. It's more like tasting a family story than a plum.