What temples are there in Changsha?

The famous temples in Changsha are kaifu temple and Lushan Temple.

Brief introduction of Changsha kaifu temple

In Fengzui, the intersection of Xinhe and Xiangjiang River in the north of Changsha, there is a grand and extraordinary Millennium temple, which is the kaifu temple in Changsha.

Kaifu temple, Sanxiang Temple.

Kaifu temple is one of the key Buddhist temples in China. It is a famous temple of Zen Lin Ji School and Yang Qi School. Founded in the Five Dynasties, it has a history of 1000 years. At that time, Ma Yin divided Hunan and established Chu, which was called "Ma Chu" in history. Ma took Changsha as its capital, built a palace in the north of the city, and built the Spring Garden as a summer resort. In the second year of Tiancheng in the late Tang Dynasty (AD 927), Ma Xifan, the son of Ma Yin, presented a part of the Spring Garden to the monk Baoning and founded the kaifu temple. After Ma Xifan succeeded to the throne, a large number of buildings were built nearby, with Weizi Mountain next to it and Bilang Lake in the north, making kaifu temple a famous scenic spot with domestic and international scenery 16. Li Mian, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem "kaifu temple", praising: "I love to attract scenery and naturally enter the painting screen. The water is bright as a mirror, and the mountains are green as snails. Hold the monkey back to the hole and rush to the cloud crane to rest. Calm and sedentary, full of leisure. "

A grand occasion

When kaifu temple flourished, there were more than 1000 monks. After the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, incense was endless, and famous monks came forth in large numbers. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Hong Yun was a master of Buddhism and medicine. He was summoned by Song Taizu and got a purple robe. In Song Huizong, the abbot of Dawning Zen Master restored the Buddhist temple. He taught the Zen method of Yang Qi Sect of Linji Sect to Japanese monks to seek dharma. After Chueh-hsin returned to China, the Deng Fa School was awarded the title of "Deng Fayuan's Guo Mingshi" by the Japanese Emperor. There are many monks and nuns, so the Lin Ji School of Japanese Buddhism regards kaifu temple as the "ancestral temple" and sends people to worship almost every year. Guangxu 12 years, 19 people, including famous monks Ji Chan, Liu Yun, and famous poet Wang Kaiyun, organized the Bihu Poetry Society here to compose poems and talk about Zen, which became a beautiful talk for a while. At the end of Guangxu, the poet lee woon-jae Temple founded Hunan Monk Normal School. Over the past 1000 years, kaifu temple has experienced ups and downs and been rebuilt many times. The existing buildings were mainly rebuilt during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. Since kaifu temple was designated as a Buddhist monk's monastery in 1994, the abbot has built a large-scale kaifu temple, a new monastery, a release pond, a Qingtai Bridge and a bell and drum tower. Repaired Daxiong Hall, Dharma Hall, Zen Hall, Buddhist Hall, Moni Palace, Zhaitang, Guest Hall and Tibetan Classics Building. 1997, kaifu temple invited back the jade statue of Sakyamuni Buddha (5m high) and the jade statue of Ananda Ye Jia's second disciple (4m high) from Myanmar. Later, five Tripitaka books were invited from Taiwan Province Province and other places. The total area of the whole reconstruction and expansion project is 6,543,800+6,000 square meters. After reconstruction, kaifu temple is not only more solemn, but also reasonable in layout, elegant and simple, and has become a window of Buddhism in Hunan. 65438+2009, kaifu temple accepted the Ministry of Education of Hunan Buddhist College.

form

Today, kaifu temple covers an area of 48,000 square meters, with a building area of 6,543.8+6,000 square meters. The main buildings are the three main halls (Three Temples, Daxiong Hall and Pilu Hall) and the hatchback hall. The mountain gate is a granite archway building with four columns, three doors and three floors, with a height of 10 meter. The pillars in the gate square are painted with reliefs, or figures, or flowers and trees, which are colorful and lifelike. There are a pair of stone lions and statues on both sides of the mountain gate. Entering the mountain gate, that is, the release pond, is the remnant of the original Bilang Lake. When you get on a single-arch granite bridge and walk past the stone bridge, you will see an icon of Guanyin Bodhisattva, a white marble with a smile and a willow net bottle in hand, standing in Kowloon, which is full of peace and dignity. Standing in front of the statue, I felt solemn and solemn, and my earthly heart was peaceful and quiet. Further on, there are three halls in kaifu temple. The front hall is Maitreya Hall, also known as Three Temples. It is three rooms wide, with square columns on the outer eaves and columns on the inner eaves, all carved from granite. The temple is dedicated to the three saints of the West, but now it is gone. It reshapes Maitreya, Wei Tuo Bodhisattva and the four heavenly kings. The middle hall is the main hall, also known as the Ursa Major Hall, with a height of 20 meters. Siddhartha Gautama, a white marble, is enshrined in the center. Ananda venerable and Ye Jia venerable stand on both sides. Near the back of Sakyamuni Buddha, there is a golden Guanyin with thousands of hands and eyes. There are also sixteen golden statues of venerable persons on both sides of the hall. The back hall is Pilu Hall, which contains Pilu Buddha statue. Surrounded by 500 Luohan statues, about 0.4 meters high, with different shapes and lifelike. It is popular among the people to measure good or ill luck by the number of arhats, that is, from any arhat to the last arhat according to the age, and then draw a seal according to the number of arhats to measure good or ill luck. But now the signatures have been revised, and most of them are mainly to persuade people to be honest and do good. There is a courtyard between the three halls, which is planted with ancient trees and famous flowers, and there are several stone tablets of the Qing Dynasty, which are very simple and elegant. On the east side of the three halls are the Guest Hall, the Zhai Hall, the Moni Palace and the Wei Zi Hall. There is a scripture-collecting building on the Weizi Hall, which is an ancient building in the Tang and Song Dynasties. On the west side, there are Zen Hall, Dharma Hall and Bible Reading Hall. There are many couplets in the temple, most of which contain Buddhist teachings and ways of treating people. There is a very interesting picture in the Ursa Major Hall: Zhai Yu knocks down the bright moon in blue lagoon, feels it, first feels it, then feels it, and nothing else; The clear clock breaks the peak cloud at the foot of the mountain, and Sorakara Ku is empty, the color is empty, and it will always be empty. The Buddhist philosophy reflected in couplets is intriguing.

Prosperous

Since the temple was built in kaifu temple, it has been damaged several times, but the incense is endless and Buddhism is flourishing. Especially since it became the Bhikuni jungle, under the auspices of Master Nengjing, the abbot, it has promoted Buddhism, benefited all living beings, prospered Buddhism, gained a far-reaching reputation, attracted many monks and great virtues to visit, and increased Buddhist cultural exchanges. Japanese monks from Lin Ji School come to visit the ancestral temple in kaifu temple almost every year. The famous master Hui Kong and the only exorcist in Taiwan Province Province also visited kaifu temple many times. Great monks and famous monks from Hong Kong, Macao, South Korea and Singapore also came to exchange Buddhist culture. From 65438 to 0997, Master Nengjing participated in the international Buddhist exchange meeting held in Japan at the invitation of "China-Korea-Japan Buddhist Fund Link". In 2000, at the invitation of the Buddhist community in Taiwan Province, Master Nengjing went to Bao Dao to give lectures, and the response was good. In 2002, at the invitation of the Buddhist community in South Korea, Master Nengjing participated in a Buddhist delegation from China led by Sheng Hui, executive vice president of the Chinese Buddhist Association.

Brief introduction of Lushan temple

Lushan Temple, located among the ancient trees in Yuelu Mountain, is one of the oldest temples in Hunan Province. The temple was founded in the fourth year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 268), originally named Huiguang Temple, and renamed Lushan Temple in the early Tang Dynasty. The temple is adjacent to Qingfeng Gorge on the left, drinking Baihequan on the right, overlooking Feng Dan in Hexi, with fragrant willows on Long Island in front, backed by the wind and cloud in northern Henan, and deep mountains and dense forests. Known as "the first scene in Han and Wei Dynasties and the first scene in Hunan", it is now a national key Buddhist temple. Since the temple was built more than 700 years ago, it has been destroyed by war six times. 1944 was destroyed by the Japanese army, and today only the mountain gate and the sutra depository are left. The main hall has now been restored, and the thousand-handed Guanyin in the hall is solemn and kind. At present, the temple consists of the main buildings such as the mountain gate, Maitreya Hall, Daxiong Hall, Guanyin Pavilion and Zhaitang. The gate is arched, engraved with the words "Gulushan Temple", and there is also the Sutra Pavilion, also known as Guanyin Pavilion. There are two ancient Luohansong trees in front of the pavilion, which were planted in the Six Dynasties, also known as the Six Dynasties pine. It is a Lushan temple with a long history.

Living witness of history. The precious cultural relic preserved in Lushan Temple is the Lushan Temple Monument, which was carved in the ancient Lushan Temple in the 18th year of Tang Kaiyuan (730). There was a pavilion in the Ming Dynasty, which was embedded in the wall of Yuelu Academy in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. It is now preserved in Hunan University. The monument is 2.72m high and1.33m wide. This was written by Li Yong, a great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. The inscription has four characters, namely "Lushan Temple Monument". The content describes the rise and fall of Lushan Temple from the early Jin Dynasty to the establishment of a monument in Kaiyuan, Tang Dynasty, the process of temple restoration and the Buddhist teachings passed down by Zen masters in previous dynasties, and also describes the scenery of Yuelu Mountain. Full text 65430. Li Yong (678-747) was born in Jiangdu, Yangzhou. He is famous for his meticulous brushwork, acting and regular script, and is unique. This monument has a great influence on future generations. Su Shi and Mi Fei attacked the Basic Law slightly in the Song Dynasty, and Meng Yue, a calligrapher in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote big characters with one mind. In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang praised him as "the right army is like a dragon and the North Sea is like an elephant". This monument is a famous Tang monument in China, which belongs to the provincial key protected cultural relics. Lushan Temple is one of the famous Dojo in the history of Buddhism in China. Since the Jin Dynasty, it has experienced worship, guidance, dharma and Maha.

Abbots like Yan Na and Zhi Qian have more and more Buddhist experiences. Master Fa wrote the Law of Evidence and The Road to Classics. In the ninth year of Emperor Yangdi's reign (A.D. 589), the founder of Tiantai Sect, Zhi, preached famous Tiantai Sect works such as Fahua Wenxuan while preaching in Tiantai Sect, which had a far-reaching influence on Sanxiang Buddhism. In the Tang Dynasty, Lushan Temple was in full swing, with a large scale, magnificent halls and outstanding reputation. Scholars compete with each other to travel, or write poems or compositions. The poet Du Fu chanted that "the temple gate is high and the foot of the temple is inserted into Chisha Lake", and Liu Yuxi also marveled that "the high temple overlooks Changsha, and it is suspected to be swallowed". In the 18th year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 730), the great calligrapher Li Yong wrote "Lushan Temple Monument" to show his victory. Because of its excellent articles, calligraphy and seal cutting, it is known as the "three monuments" in the world. Since the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, Lushan Temple has become a famous Zen resort by the middle of Ming Dynasty after the development of Sui and Tang Dynasties and the continuation of Song and Yuan Dynasties. In order to publicize the achievements of Lushan Temple, Ming Shenzong was given the name "manjuji" during the Wanli period. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Zen Temple was destroyed by fire, and it was rebuilt during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, but the scale was much smaller than before. 1944 was destroyed by the Japanese again, leaving only the mountain gate and Guanyin pavilion. From 65438 to 0986, it was restored to its original appearance under the auspices of Changsha Buddhist Association. At present, Master Sheng Hui, the abbot of Lushan Temple, is the vice president of the Chinese Buddhist Association. In 2000, Sheng Hui participated in the United Nations Millennium Peace Conference as a member of a seven-member delegation of religious leaders in China.