What is the responsibility of the Prime Minister?

The thigh of the ancient emperor of China. Canon led hundreds of officials, assisted the emperor in managing state affairs and knew everything. The prime minister system originated in the Warring States period. Beginning with the King of Wu in the Qin Dynasty, there were left and right prime ministers, but sometimes there were prime ministers. Wei Ran, Lv Buwei and others all occupied this position. After the reunification of Qin, there were only left and right prime ministers. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Xiao He became prime minister and later moved to Guo Xiang. After his death, Cao Can succeeded to his throne. After Huidi and Jiing arrived in the early years of Wendi, there were left and right prime ministers, and then there was only one prime minister. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, various kingdoms proposed the central government and set up prime ministers in their feudal countries. In the fifth year of Emperor Jingdi (formerly 145), it was renamed Xiang.

Belonging to military plans or other important matters, the emperor often called officials, two thousand stones and doctors to discuss them together to avoid arbitrary command. General government affairs can be decided by the Prime Minister. When the emperor has something to do, he often consults with the prime minister, who sometimes refutes the imperial edict and expresses reservations about the emperor's orders. The specific functions and powers of the prime minister are: appointing officials or recommending talents to the emperor; For local officials, they have the power to test and reward; Responsible for laws, decrees and related prison affairs; If there are riots in the local area, the prime minister will send officials to suppress them; Also bear certain responsibilities in military or border defense; State records and various maps and other documents are kept by the Prime Minister's Office. During the Western Han Dynasty, the physician assisted the prime minister with roughly the same responsibilities, so many affairs were often handled by the prime minister and the physician.

The title of Prime Minister is Wanshi, with a monthly salary of 350 Hu and 60,000 yuan. There are two officials with a long history. They are the assistants of the Prime Minister. Otherwise, there are few histories, signs, etc. In addition, there are western Cao, eastern Cao, playing Cao, gathering Cao, discussing Cao and other institutions, which are in charge of removing officials, counties and States, discussing chapters, collecting rent and other affairs respectively. Emperor Wu of the Yuan Dynasty ascended the throne for five years (1 18), and also set up a direct department to stab and promote officials who broke the law, which strengthened the supervision function of the prime minister.

In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, physiognomists were mostly heroes of the founding of the People's Republic of China, who held important positions and dared to speak and remonstrate. For example, Emperor Lu wants to make Zhu Lu king, and the imperial tomb opposes it face to face; When Jingdi was in Zhou Yafu, he opposed sealing and abolishing Prince Li. When I arrived in Liang Wudi, it was used as a photograph, which created a precedent for cloth and clothes. With the strengthening of centralized monarchy, Liang Wudi reused court officials and didn't trust the prime minister. His incumbents, such as Xue Ze, Zhao Zhou, Zhuang, Tian, are all cautious and incompetent. At the end of Emperor Wu, Huo Guang was General Fu. From then on to the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Fu's power was greater than that of the prime minister, and Fu was mostly served by consorts. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the functions and powers of prime ministers were taken away by the imperial palace, such as Wei Xuancheng and Kuang Heng. In front of the monarch and dignitaries, A Yi bowed to them to maintain his position.

When he became emperor, He Wu suggested the establishment of three metric systems on the grounds that it was difficult for the prime minister to handle many political affairs alone. Therefore, it is a measure to disperse the power of the prime minister to change the imperial history into a general official, with Fu, the general official and the prime minister as the three officials. The prime minister and the suggestion are divided into three, and the three fairs are actually three zaifu. When he lost his emperor, he changed the prime minister to Da Situ. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Da Situ was changed to Situ, Fu was changed to Qiu. Among the three fairs, autumn is the most respected. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to strengthen the power of the monarch, the power belonged to the monarch, assisted the court ministers, and only retained the three fairs. Later, power was transferred to consorts and eunuchs. Sangong has only become an empty name. The three metric system was implemented until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

When Xian Di became prime minister, Dong Zhuo was arrogant. Later, Cao Cao abolished the three fairs, restored the prime minister and the imperial envoys, and became the prime minister himself. Both Dong Zhuo and Cao Cao monopolize power, just like monarchs.

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties sometimes set up prime ministers or prime ministers at the time of changing dynasties, just like Dong Zhuo and Cao Cao, which was not a normal official system. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, Shangshu Province or Zhongshu Province sometimes set up a left and right prime minister, which was equivalent to the original Shangshu left and right servants, ranking second only to Shangshu Order or Zhongshu Order and holding real power. In the early Ming Dynasty, there was no order in Zhongshu Province, only about the appointment of the Prime Minister, with great power. Later, it was abolished by Ming Taizu, and the functions and powers of the prime minister were exercised by the cabinet university, which was not restored until the late Qing Dynasty.