Historical evolution of Yanzhou area

Yanzhou, a place name, first appeared in Shangshu Gong Yu in the pre-Qin period. Legend has it that after Dayu succeeded in controlling water, Kyushu was the land of the world, and Yanzhou was one of them. Gong Yu is the standard by which countries pay tribute to the Court. Among them, the most widely accepted is Dayu Ding Kyushu. For example, "Historical Records Xia Benji" said that Dayu "left is balanced, right is regulated, and Kyushu is opened at four o'clock, and nine songs are connected"; "Zuo Zhuan" quoted the proverb of "fearing people" for four years, saying that "the vast sea and jade painted Kyushu. After the opening of the Ninth Road, the people had a sleeping temple, and the livestock had lush grass, each in its place, and the morality did not disturb"; There are also "Shan Hai Jing Hai Nei Jing", "The Emperor ordered the ancestral land to settle in Kyushu" and so on. These records link Kyushu and Dayu together, which shows Dayu's lofty position in the eyes of the ancients.

In the legend about Dayu's water control, he once traveled all over the world at that time. But it is said that he had dug Sanmenxia and split Longmen, which was impossible according to the development level of productive forces at that time. It can only be considered as a myth created by later generations to worship him. According to the research of modern scholars, the worst-hit area of prehistoric floods should be the lower reaches of the Yellow River, which is the most important place for Dayu to control water. Mr. An once said: "According to legend, Dayu's main activity place is in Yanzhou today." So it makes sense for Dayu to delimit Kyushu in Yanzhou.

What's in Kyushu? Various documents are inconsistent. Yugong recorded Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Liangzhou and Yongzhou. Lv Chunqiu has Youzhou instead of Liangzhou; Erya replaced Qingzhou and Liangzhou with Youzhou and Yingzhou. Quite a few scholars disapprove of Dayu's Kyushu plan in modern times, while Guo Moruo and Gu Jiegang are skeptical. They believe that Gong Yu was written in the Warring States Period, and the concept of Kyushu was created by the author with the idea of unity at that time. The views of these scholars have been generally accepted by academic circles. But in recent years, some scholars have re-examined it. Through the analysis and induction of cultural types in archaeological excavations, they came to the conclusion: "No matter when Yu Gong was written, its record of Kyushu should be based on the historical facts of Xia Dynasty. Kyushu is not an ancient administrative division, nor was it created during the Warring States period, but a long-standing and naturally formed human geography flora that actually existed around 2000 BC, reflecting the regional cultural pattern of China in the late Neolithic period. " This view is undoubtedly an improvement.

Yanzhou's word "Yanzhou" comes from Yanshui. Yanshui, also known as Jishui, originated from Wu Wang in Jiyuan County, Henan Province. The Yellow River and the north of the Yellow River are two parts of water. Later, due to the change of water system, there was no water south of the Yellow River. "Jiao" written by Yan Shuigu. "Sanshui" in Biography can sometimes be written as "horizontal water" and placed above the word "allow". Later, seal script evolved into official script, and "horizontal water" became "six" and became the word "Yan" today. Duan Yucai's Notes on Explaining Words: "Yanzhou ... Xiaozhuan is a seal, and the official changed his face, which is synonymous with ancient and modern abnormity."

The word "Yanzhou" in Yanzhou has also been given a new meaning beyond the place name by later generations, that is, Duan Xin. This statement was first seen in Shu Wei's Chunqiu Yuanming newspaper in the Western Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago: "Yan, Duan and Xin." At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the official history of the country, such as the Book of Jin, was explained and expanded. For example, "Geography of Sui Shu" said: "Yan's words are words, but in the end they are also. This is a wonderful thing ... Its land is not only the friendship between Zou Lu and Qi Wei, but also the teaching of great grandfather Tang Shu and the legacy of Kong Zhou. Today, in these counties and counties, people are still known for Confucianism, with straightforward temperament and an ancient style. " This shows more clearly that not only the word "Yanzhou" has the meaning of carrying letters, but also Yanzhou people carry letters.

It is not accidental to say that the word "Yan" in Yanzhou has the meaning of ending the heart, and Yanzhou people have the nature of ending the heart. The information conveyed by Yanzhou people is not only the gift of geographical conditions and natural environment, but also the origin of history. Yanzhou is a good place.

Yanzhou has a long tradition of farming culture. In thousands of years' history, the self-sufficient economic model, relatively closed social structure and intensive production mode have produced corresponding ideology and behavior patterns, which have shaped the characters of Yanzhou ancestors, such as obeying norms, fearing authority, being rigorous and earnest, and being simple and honest. In addition, Yanzhou belongs to the Lu culture area geographically, and Lu culture can also be called Confucian culture. One of the most important characteristics is that it attaches great importance to personal moral cultivation and moral perfection. Local chronicles of past dynasties often comment on Yanzhou's folk customs like this: "Every family thinks of Yan Lu, everyone thinks of it, and everyone knows how to read sage books. They are very gentle and eloquent "(Yuan's" Yu Fang wins the orchid "); "Its vulgar Wen Ya, flashy, has the wind of sages" (Yanzhou County Records of the Ming Dynasty); "The land is soft and thick, the family is full of strings, the people are disciplined, and they are not arrogant and impetuous" (Qing Ziyang County Records). Duan Xin is the summary of this ethos and spirit. In the history of Yanzhou, there are indeed many people who can be called models of trust, such as Yan Hui, Fan Shutai and Niu Yunzhen, which we will introduce later. I believe that in the future socialist construction, this spirit will keep pace with the times and carry forward. The word "Yanzhou" appeared after the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a hundred schools of thought contended and wrote books, and named Kyushu after Yu. Yanzhou was one of them. Yan was written as Jiao in ancient times, and Yanzhou in Historical Records Xia Benji was written as Jiao Zhou.

Ancient administrative divisions were often based on geographical conditions and restricted by geographical factors. There are records about Kyushu or twelve states in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Although the meanings are different, three generations all have the geographical concept of "Yanzhou". It is located in the northeast of Henan, the south of Hebei and the west of Shandong. After the Spring and Autumn Period, the vassal states gradually established their own administrative divisions, but because the pronouns of geographical concepts did not meet the needs of the terms used as administrative divisions, they were often confused. The Qin dynasty abolished the title of the country and implemented the county system throughout the country.

When Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty established the secretariat of fourteen states, Yanzhou officially became an administrative division.

The Han dynasty expanded its territory because of "opening up territory and expelling territory" According to the Records of Geography of Hanshu, in order to strengthen centralized rule, the Han Dynasty re-divided the whole country into fourteen states and set up the secretariat department of fourteen states. Yanzhou is one of them, located in Puyang, which governs Yang Shan (including Xianqiu, Qixian and Yu Fang). ), Dong Jun, Chenliu, Jiyang, Taishan and Dongping. During Wang Mang's period, he thought that the state name and state boundary of Han Dynasty could not be ignored, and changed or merged the state name, but Yanzhou remained unchanged. In the 11th year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (35), Shuofang in the Western Han Dynasty was merged into Bingzhou, and the whole country was changed to thirteen states. Yanzhou is located in Changyi (now 40 miles northwest of Jinxiang County, Shandong Province), which governs eight counties and states, namely Chenliu, Dong Jun, Rencheng, Taishan, northern Hebei, Yang Shan (now Yanzhou belongs to Shanyang County), Jiyang and Dongping, roughly covering western Shandong and eastern Henan.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Yanzhou belonged to Wei. After Cao Cao took charge of animal husbandry in Jizhou, Yanzhou was still in charge of eight counties and eight countries in order to expand the sphere of influence and narrow other areas and merge into Jizhou. Only the Han Dynasty changed to Chen Liuguo, and Ren changed to Ren. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, Yanzhou ruled Changyi first, and then moved to Xu Qiu (now east of Juancheng County, Shandong Province).

During the Jin Dynasty, Yanzhou Secretariat Department was set up, which governed Puyang, Dongping, northern Hebei, Taishan, Chenliu, Jiyang, Rencheng and Gaoping (Changyi, Xianqiu, Jinxiang and Juye). ). In the first year of Jin Taikang (280), the western Jin Dynasty wiped out Wu, and the whole country was divided into 19 Kyushu. In Yongjia period, 2 1 state department was established. Yanzhou was one of them, ruling Xu Qiu first and then moving to Yuncheng (now northwest of Yuncheng). In the last year of Emperor Jinhui (290), the whole territory of Yanzhou fell to the post-Zhao. In the battle of Yanzhou, a large number of people moved south. In the Eastern Jin and Yuan Dynasties, they set up overseas Chinese states, overseas Chinese counties and overseas Chinese hometowns. Yanzhou is one of the overseas Chinese States, and its administrative office is located in Jingkou (now Dantu, Jiangsu). During the Taining period in Jin Mingdi (323-325), Zhai Jian was the secretariat of Yanzhou and lived in Guangling (now the northeast of Jiangdu District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu). In the early Yuan Dynasty (343), it was sent to Jincheng (now the north of Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu). Moody Yonghe (345-356) ruled Pi (now the east of Pizhou, Jiangsu Province), Huaixi Gongtaihe (366-37 1) moved the capital (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province), and Xiaowu Taiyuan (376-396) also ruled Guangling, cutting the Jianghuai area into Yanzhou territory and leading fourteen counties. Yanzhou in Guangling was called Nanyanzhou in history. Yanzhou, where the northern Yuncheng coexists, is called Northern Yanzhou. North Yanzhou governs Dongping, Gaoping, Jiyang, Jibei, Rencheng and other counties.

In the early years of the Southern Dynasties, Liu Yuping, Henan Province set up Yanzhou on the sliding platform (now hua county, Henan Province), which was called Xiyanzhou in history. In the 10th year of Yuanjia in Song Wendi (433), he moved to Zoushan (now southeast Zhucheng, Zoucheng City, Shandong Province), became Pengcheng (now tongshan district, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and moved to Xuchang (now five miles northwest of Dongping County, Shandong Province). In the 20th year of Yuanjia (443), Yanzhou was divided into Xuzhou and Jizhou, and its old Yanzhou was replaced by Lujun. In the 30th year of Yuanjia (453), Yanzhou was rebuilt in June. In the early years of Song Xiaowu (454), he ruled Hutian (now Peixian North, Jiangsu Province), and Emperor Song Mingdi moved the defective hill (465). During the Qi and Liang Dynasties, Yu Qingjiang in northern Yanzhou and Guangling in southern Yanzhou were established.

After Yanzhou fell to Wei, the overseas Chinese ruled Huaiyin, and the old Yanzhou moved to the sliding platform, and then the defective hills were treated. Yanzhou, called Xianqiu, called Dongyanzhou, also called Yanzhou. Yanzhou on the sliding platform is Xizhou. During the reign of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (525-527), Xiyanzhou moved to Dingtao (now the northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province). During the Taihe period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (477-499), Nanzhan Prefecture was located in Yang Guo (now northeast of Mengcheng County, Anhui Province), and during the Guangnian period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (520-525), it moved to Qiaocheng (now Mizhou, Anhui Province). At that time, Yanzhou (County Hill), West Yanzhou (Sliding Platform) and South Yanzhou (Qiaocheng) were called Sanyanzhou. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Yanzhou was located in Xianqiu, Yanzhou in the south was located in Chenliu, and Yanzhou in the west was located in Jiyang (now northwest of Cao County, Shandong Province). During the Northern Qi Dynasty, Qingjiang Yanzhou was changed to Huaizhou, and Guangling Yanzhou was changed to East Guangzhou.

In the early years of Sui Dynasty, following the previous system, the emperor ascended the throne for three years (583), and "the county system was established after the abolition of counties". In the second year of Daye (606), Yanzhou changed to Lu County and led ten counties. West Yanzhou changed to East County, and South Yanzhou changed to Qiao County.

After Tang Gaozu Li Yuan established the dynasty, he practiced state governance. In the fifth year of Wude (622), Xu Yuanlang was placed in Yanzhou. It is located in Xianqiu, Lingren City, Xianqiu, Pinglu, Xichou, Qufu, Zou and Surabaya. In the 14th year of Zhenguan (640), the Governor of Yanzhou was established, which governed Yanzhou, Qin and Yi San. In the first year of Tianbao (742), Yanzhou changed to Lu County, and in the first year of Gan Yuan (758), Yanzhou was restored to eight counties. At the same time, we set up the Yanhai defect-curing hill, which belongs to Henan Road and governs Yanzhou, Shanghai, Iraq and Michigan.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Liang, Tang, Jin and Han established Yanzhou Qin Yi as the envoy, which belonged to Henan Daoism to cure defects. In the latter Zhou Dynasty, because Murong Yan rebelled against Yanzhou, Yanzhou was reduced to be the defending state and was in charge of six counties.

In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Song Dynasty (1008), Yanzhou was promoted to the metropolitan government, and in the eighth year (118), it was changed to the attack green government, which belonged to Shandong East Road and governed xian county (now Yanzhou), Fengfu (now Taian), Surabaya and Attack.

Jin changed Yanzhou. The Taining Army was originally formed to cure Yang. In the 19th year of Dading (1 179), it was changed to our army's Taining Army, which was attached to Shandong West Road and governed Guanyang, Qufu, Sishui and Ningyang counties.

Yanzhou was established in the Yuan Dynasty, which was subordinate to Jining Road. In the second year of Xianzong (1252), he was transferred to Dongping Road. In the fifth year of Zhiyuan (1268), it was returned to Jeju, and in the sixteenth year of Zhiyuan (1279), it was transferred to the Governor's Office of Jining Road, which governed Fuyang, Qufu, Sishui and Ningyang.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Guanyang was merged into Yanzhou. Yanzhou has jurisdiction over three counties and belongs to Jining Prefecture. In the 18th year of Hongwu (1385), Ming Taizu named Zhu Tan, his tenth son, as King Lu of Yanzhou, promoted to Yanzhou County, which was subordinate to Shandong Chengxuan Bureau, and restored Zhiyang County as Yanzhou County, with jurisdiction over Jining, Dongping, Cao and Yixian.

Yanzhou Prefecture was still established in Qing Dynasty, which was under the jurisdiction of Ziyang and belonged to Shandong Province. According to the Records of Yanzhou Prefecture in the 31st year of Qianlong (1766), Yanzhou Prefecture has jurisdiction over one state and thirteen counties.

19 13 abolished the state system and changed to the county system. Cancel Yanzhou House, and the seat of the house belongs to Jining Road.

1July, 948, Ziyang County was called Yanzhou County, and Ziyang County was called in the countryside. In February of the same year, 65438+, cities and counties merged, called Ziyang County, which belonged to Nishan District.

1962 1 month, Ziyang and Qufu were divided, and Ziyang County was renamed Yanzhou County, under the Jining Department.

Administrative system reform in April, 1984. Yanzhou County belongs to Jining City, and has jurisdiction over 13 districts (towns), 35 townships, 6 sub-district offices and 5 residents' committees.

1992 Yanzhou county governs five towns and eight townships.

In August 1992, 1, the county was removed and the city was established, and Yanzhou County was renamed Yanzhou City.

1995 Yanzhou has jurisdiction over nine towns and four townships.

In 2002, Yanzhou municipality administered 10 towns, 2 offices, 7 towns, 3 sub-district offices and 3 provincial economic parks.

On August 17, 2005, with the consent of Shandong Provincial People's Government, Yanzhou City placed six villages, including Dongdaoying, Xidaoying, Yangchang, Dongzhangzhuang, Laofuzhuang and Jinjiacun, under the jurisdiction of Xinyi Town.

20 13 10 18, the city was withdrawn and divided into districts, and Yanzhou City was renamed Yanzhou District.