Is the constellation pseudoscience? -take stock of the struggle between psychology and astrology

Although the history of astrology is many centuries longer than that of modern psychology, today, astrology has been reduced to after-dinner entertainment, while psychology has successfully won the title of "high above", so psychology seems to be more popular with the public than accidental astrology.

Psychology attributes people's belief in astrological explanations to some psychological terms.

Such as specificity and Barnum effect,

"Barnum effect" means that when someone describes certain characteristics to you, the more you listen, the more you feel that he is talking about you, with a lyrical tone or a touching atmosphere, and then you will feel that what this person said is tailor-made for you.

Specificity is the same, a same description, and different people will believe that it is describing themselves, because it is too similar to themselves.

As early as the last century, there were many ways to prove the pseudoscientific conclusions in astrology.

But how to prove that these proof methods can really explain the problem?

As difficult as proving that "your father is your father".

But psychologists don't think so,

So in the 20th century, many papers were published in famous magazines.

For example, this topic is called astrology research, published in the Journal of Psychology, which denies astrology:

They arrested 1600 college students and asked astrologers to read their divinations. The result is very dull and not reversed:

The astrologers predicted that 1600 people were all wrong.

Another example is Snyder below? CR，

Is he in 1974? Published an article in the journal of clinical psychology,

The topic is why astrology is correct: the influence of specificity on astrology theory is as follows

If you think the purpose of this article is to study the mutual assistance between astrology and psychology,

Then you are naive!

After changing the survey of thousands of papers in previous years, their experiments were finally grouped.

This article is mainly about an experiment they did:

They arrested 63 female college students in the school, divided them into three groups on average, "isolated" these three groups, and then prepared a speech like "Aquarius? Or? Leo's personality characteristics. "

In the first group, there are 2 1 female students, and the experimenters recite speeches to these 2 1 female students respectively.

And said to them, "Little sister, do you think these characteristics I just said are very similar to yours?" We come to the conclusion according to astrology that people born in the same year as you all have these characteristics! "

Then 2 1 Most girls think that the experimenter is talking nonsense, which is completely different from themselves.

In the second group, there were 2 1 female students, and the experimenter continued to recite manuscripts to these 2 1 female students respectively.

Then I said to them respectively, "Little sister, do you think these characteristics I just mentioned are very similar to yours?" We come to the conclusion according to astrology that people born in the same year and month as you all have these characteristics! "

Compared with the first group, more female students in this group think he is accurate.

The third group proceeded step by step. After reciting the manuscript, the experimenter said to them, "Little sister, do you think these characteristics I just mentioned are similar to yours?" We come to the conclusion according to astrology that people born in the same year, month and day as you all have these characteristics! "

The result is boring and irreversible:

Almost all of these girls think that the experimenter is very accurate and really appreciate his sentence "Wow, you are so accurate!" " "

So the conclusion of this article is that astrologers' successful predictions are entirely due to their words, or psychological hints to fortune tellers. The key to the experiment is the words "the same year", "the same year and the same month" and "the same year and the same day". The description of the subject is gradually narrowed, which greatly increases the credibility of the text. The subject will substitute himself into the situation in the astrologer's text, thus proving that astrologers are all big liars.

;

Just like you go to the supermarket to choose a new shampoo, there are many factors that affect your purchase.

Most people tend to buy functional ingredients with better descriptions to judge whether they are suitable or not.

You put labels on your hair in your mind, such as the need to moisturize it to prevent it from falling off.

As long as there is a label that matches you, you think it is what you want, while other functions are useless to you or don't match you, and you will automatically ignore it subconsciously. Before you use it, you think what you choose is in line with you.

At this time, if there is shampoo that is suitable for dry and oily hair, it is also suitable for people with hair loss. It can also promote hair growth, dandruff removal, itching relief and suppleness. The labels are all attached, and if you filter some of them, you will feel that this shampoo is tailor-made for you.

This is equal to psychological specificity, and the more comprehensive the explanation, the narrower the scope.

After many such articles were published in psychology-related magazines, people who support astrology spoke on the other side of the world:

There are many similar experiments, and the conclusion is still very boring and has not been reversed. The only shocking thing is that more and more subjects are caught.

Compared with the trampling of astrology by psychology, astrology is much calmer. Except for a few people who insist on in-depth research, other astrologers have opened up new ways to get rich. How tired it is to engage in academics. Isn't it good to make money simply by fortune-telling and word-testing? It doesn't matter what you say, we still have a certain mass base ~

So a series of nouns such as astrology and astrology were really labeled as feudal superstitions.

Of course, we should see the bright side,

Those who insist on astrology have also tried to play games with psychology.

Compared with psychology, the way is much more elegant. They tried to combine psychology with astrology.

Developing a new field is called "astrology psychology".

Unfortunately, all this happened before the publication of the above critical articles, a little earlier than modern psychology and astrology.

After that, because of the stagnation of astrology and the big environment, I really got nothing.

Therefore, nothing particularly great has ever confronted the psychological school of astrology.

The person who opened up a new field of "astrology psychology" is called Carl? Jung,

He is the founder of analytical psychology and a psychiatrist.

Besides, he had a strange childhood experience.

One night, he passed by his mother's room.

I found a figure floating inside, and suddenly a light flashed.

The shadow's head and body are separate,

If this is true, it is really a childhood shadow.

His concern about the relationship between astrology and psychology began with some interesting discoveries:

When treating patients, he studied some patients' dreams.

Recurring "monsters" in patients' dreams or things that don't exist in real life,

Much like the prototype of things in ancient mythology,

These common prototypes do reflect the different original personalities of patients.

And he also found that these archetypes correspond to various themes in astrology.

So he made such a remark: "Astrology is the sum of all ancient psychological knowledge."

And "people born at a specific moment will have the quality of this moment."

His conclusion made me discover a terrible thing:

Since ancient times, human dreams have always been few.

Go around, no matter who becomes the human of Genesis,

Ancient myths will not change,

What we know and create is really just God's arrangement?

Of course, we don't need to delve into this problem.

Because whether it's Carl Jung. Or offspring,

There's no evidence to prove Carl? Jung? Whether the conclusion is correct,

Although he later denied some of his conclusions,

For example, the personal growth experience predicted by astrology has nothing to do with celestial movement.

He still failed to inherit the development of this "astrological psychology".

Not only did it not develop,

And completely criticized.

But the confirmation and struggle of astrology never stopped.

Until now,

It's just that the effect is minimal and the evidence is very insufficient.

For example, the following article I casually searched.

The author's anger can be seen from the title.

But there is still no evidence to prove why astrology is not fake.

The most authoritative explanation about astrology comes from an SCI in 1985.

First author Sean? Carlson did an experiment,

Twenty-eight astrologers from Europe and America analyzed the birth charts (astrolabes) of more than 100 people.

Match the analysis results with the psychological characteristics produced by CPI test,

We don't care so much. Anyway, this CPI test can measure a person's psychological characteristics.

To ensure fairness,

They chose one? Astrologers nominated by the National Geological Research Council are notaries.

Don't ask me why I was nominated by the Geological Research Council,

Of course I don't know,

Let's have a brief discussion.

The result was boring, not reversed,

Wikipedia explains it like this

"The comparison clearly refutes the hypothesis of astrology."

So astrology is true or not, and now not so many people care.

As human thinking is no longer so extreme and absolute,

We seem to take a wait-and-see attitude towards anything that doesn't touch the bottom line.

There's nothing wrong with that,

Like wild animals and viruses,

Viruses have existed on earth for longer than Homo sapiens,

Do humans know what tribal civilization they have?

Are you afraid to think carefully?

Ecological balance is a circle that cannot be broken anywhere.

So let's behave ourselves,

Science can prove many things and make our brains clearer and clearer.

But the truth is,

What science can explain is only the tip of the iceberg among all phenomena.

So let the bullet fly for a while for this kind of problem.

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