Does anyone know the history of gypsies living in Europe?

Gypsies are also called Gypsies, and Roma are called Roms.

Black Caucasians, who originally lived in northern India, are now spread all over the world, especially in Europe. Most gypsies speak Roma, a language closely related to modern Indo-European language in northern India; They also speak the main language of the country where they live. It is generally believed that Gypsies left India after repeated migration, and arrived in Persia in the 1 1 century, southeast Europe in the early14th century, and western Europe in the15th century. In the second half of the 20th century, Gypsies have spread all over North and South America and arrived in Australia. Gypsies call themselves Roma (meaning "men"), while non-Gypsies call themselves Gajie (meaning "outsiders").

Gypsies don't care about farming and mulberry, and generally don't raise food animals, but rely on urban and rural residents to make a living. Traditionally, gypsies have been around towns and rural residential areas, seeking a livelihood suitable for their wandering life. Men are engaged in selling livestock, training animals, mending pots (black and white blacksmiths) and acting as musicians. Women are engaged in divination, selling medicine, begging and performing. Before veterinarians appeared, many farmers relied on gypsy livestock traders to guide the maintenance and management of herds. Although modern gypsies are still wandering around, their lives also reflect the progress of the outside world. They travel in covered cars, trucks and trailers and sell old cars and trailers instead of livestock. The large-scale production of stainless steel cookware eliminated the pot-mending industry, and some urban gypsies became car mechanics. Mobile circuses and entertainment places provide modern gypsies with job opportunities, such as animal trainers, snack vendors and fortune tellers.

A typical gypsy family consists of a couple, children, at least one married son, his wife and children. After marriage, the husband and wife live with the man's parents, and the bride should learn the rules of her husband's family. Ideally, when the elder brother is ready to separate, the younger brother is ready to get married and will live with the bride at his parents' house. It is the main feature of gypsy marriage that the parents of the man pay the bride price to the parents of the woman. The leadership of the vitsa (clan) of gypsies should be held by adult men who can best embody the ideals of gypsies. Such people are good at arranging marriage and resolving disputes with wisdom and strength, can negotiate a satisfactory dowry for their daughters, can skillfully do business with gypsies and Gajie people, and earnestly abide by the traditions of gypsies. The widely circulated story-telling concept of "Gypsy King" undoubtedly comes from the leader image of Vitisa. The leadership of Vitesa is not necessarily hereditary, indecisive or failed leaders will be replaced by more capable people, or several families in a Vitesa will abandon their original leaders and join another clan with more prestige.

In some cities in Europe and North America, there are settled gypsies. They abide by many gypsy customs, engage in traditional gypsy occupations and speak gypsy, but they are greatly influenced by the local language. Roma call these settled gypsies "Sint" and think that they have given up the real gypsy life. The "real" Gypsies are divided into several resident groups according to the order in which they formed in the fixed mobile areas in Europe. In the Balkans and Central Europe, it is called the crater, accounting for the majority of all gypsies in Europe and North America; Gitano people who flow through Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and southern France, and Manus people); They live in France, Alsace and Germany; Each category of people is further differentiated according to their place of residence. Due to the way of life of Gypsies (evading official population registration and census is a common feature) and long-term social and political discrimination, it is quite difficult to accurately estimate their number. There are about 200 gypsies in the world. 3 million, most of whom still lived in Europe in the late 20th century, especially in the central and southern regions.

The word "gypsy" originated from the misunderstanding of the origin of Roma in Europe. At that time, Europeans mistakenly thought that Roma were from Egypt, so they called them "Egyptians", and "Gypsy" was the phonetic change of "Egypt".

[Edit this paragraph] Ethnic origin

Roma, a wandering people who originated in northern India and scattered all over the world. Roma and Sinti, who are closely related to them, are also called Gypsies or Gypsies. However, most Roma people think that the name "Gypsy" is discriminatory, so it is not used. There are also many countries in Europe that call Roma Zgang people.

Roma are famous for their mysterious images. Historically, they have been engaged in divination, singing and dancing. However, Roma have also suffered discrimination and persecution in history. Nazi Germany once put Roma in concentration camps and slaughtered them like Jews. Up to now, many people still have a very negative impression of Roma, thinking that Roma are beggars, thieves or traffickers.

[Edit this paragraph] Migration

The Romans left India around 1000 and arrived in Europe via Afghanistan, Persia, Armenia and Turkey. (There are still Roma scattered in Iran and other places. )/kloc-In the 4th century, the Romans had arrived in the Balkans./kloc-In the 6th century, they had spread all over Europe, including Scotland and Sweden. Another Roma arrived in North Africa via Syria and then crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to Spain. At the same time, ethnic minorities similar to the Roma still live in northern India.

The reason for the long-distance migration of Roma is still a historical mystery. Some scholars say that the ancestors of the Roma are low-caste Hindus. After being recruited as mercenaries, they were promoted to the Khshatriya caste and sent to the west to resist the expansion of Islamic countries. Another scholar said that after the Muslims conquered northern India, their captives became slaves, developed their own unique culture and became the predecessors of the Roma. However, it is a mystery why the Romans did not return to India after arriving in the Middle East, but moved on and entered Europe.

Roma also immigrated to the United States in large numbers.