Prime Minister Zhang Shang of Jingmen

Meng Haoran went to Jingmen as Prime Minister Zhang.

It is divided into Jingzhou, and it is shameful to recruit talents. Call Nan Fengduo to explain that the Prime Minister's Cabinet is still open.

It is urgent to stop euphoria and sink down to pull weeds. Sitting on Xu Ru's sofa, she often picks up Li Ying's cup.

At first, I comforted cicadas and sang willows. I watched plums in the snow. Four years old, thousands of miles away.

Looking forward to the wings in the sunset, the sand surface hates showing its cheeks. There are three constellations in the smell of the publicity room.

Looking at Dongting Lake from afar —— addressed to Premier Zhang

Meng Haoran's Letter to Premier Zhang from Dongting Lake

The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.

Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.

I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.

Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.

Translation and annotation

Dongting Lake in August is flush with the shore, and the water and sky are the same color, which is connected with the sky.

Yunmeng Erze's water vapor transpiration is in vain, and the stormy waves seem to shake Yueyang City.

I want to cross the river, but I can't find a boat or paddle. It's really shameful to idle around in an enlightened age.

Sitting by the river watching others fish hard, you can only envy others for their success in fishing.

1, selected from Meng Xiangyang Collection (Meng Haoran Collection), a gift from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Zhang. Prime Minister Zhang (673-7400, Zhang Jiuling) was a prime minister and poet at that time. Zi Zishou is a naturalist. Shaoxing Qujiang (now Guangdong) people. Meng Haoran (689-740), a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei). Prime Minister Zhang: Zhang Jiuling, in 733 AD (the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty).

2. Being in the same air with the sky: Who reflects the sky and confuses it? Describe the lake and the sky mixed together. Moral: including the sky, which means the sky is reflected in the water. The sky is too clear.

3. Yunmengze: Yunmeng, the name of Gu Ze. North and south of the Yangtze River in Hubei, Jiangnan is a dream, Jiangbei is a cloud, and most of the later generations are silted up into land. This is Jianghan Plain and its surrounding areas.

4. Yueyang City: Now Yueyang City, Hunan Province, on the east bank of Dongting Lake.

5. Ji: crossing the river.

6. End residence: usually living, leisurely living.

7. Ming Sheng Tian Zi, who ended up living in seclusion and not being an official, was guilty. Die a natural death: to settle down is to be idle and not be an official. Shame on the wise: shame on the world of the wise.

8, just like I sit here and watch a fisherman throw fish, just like a fish: watching other fishermen helplessly, they also want to catch fish in their hearts, but they suffer from no fishing gear and no desire. The metaphor here is that if you want to be an official, there is no way. Sit and watch: Sit and watch. Acts: in vain. Salted fish feeling: the desire to get fish. From "Huai Nan Zi Shuo Xun Lin": The second best thing is to fish in the river than to weave a net. It means that if you have ideals, you must have practical actions.

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Zhang Jiuling, the Prime Minister of Zhang, is also a famous poet with official position and integrity. Meng Haoran wants to go into politics and realize his ideal. I hope someone can introduce him. This is the meaning of writing this poem to Zhang Jiuling before he went to Beijing to take the exam.

The first four sentences of the poem describe the magnificent scene and momentum of Dongting Lake, and the last four sentences are used to express their political enthusiasm and hope.

The first two sentences explain the time and write the vast lake. The lake and sky are integrated, and the scene is vast. Han, it means tolerance. Virtual, refers to high altitude. The sky is contained by water, which means the sky is reflected in the water. Too clear means the sky. The mixture is so clear that water meets sky. These two sentences are about standing by the lake overlooking the lake. Three or four sentences continue to write about the vastness of the lake, but the eyes are far and near. From the lake to the scenery reflected on the lake, the water vapor hanging over the lake evaporates, engulfing clouds and dreams. Clouds and dreams are the names of two ancient lakes. It is said that Yun Ze is in Jiangbei and Mengze is in Jiangnan, and most of them have silted up. Shake, shake (verb, vivid). Yueyang City, located on the northeast bank of Dongting Lake, is now Yueyang City, Hunan Province. When the southwest wind blows, the waves rush to the northeast shore, as if to shake Yueyang City. People with clouds and dreams around Yueyang (with "Swallowing Clouds and Spitting Dreams") will naturally think of Wang Wei's poem: People's residence seems to be rippling in the horizon. The whole city is floating on the water, the breeze is blowing waves, and the distant sky is shaking in the water. They really have the same effect.

Facing the vast Dongting Lake, I want to cross it, but there is no boat. Living in a wise era, we should contribute our strength, but no one recommended us, so we have to live at home. It is really shameful in such a good era. The implication is that I hope the other party will introduce me. The meaning of economy and intersection. Ba put the paddle on the boat, and this is also borrowing the boat. Live in the end, live in leisure; Ming Sheng, the era of Ming Sheng, here refers to the peaceful and prosperous times. In the last two sentences, I said that I sat by the lake and watched those people fishing with poles, but envy was in vain. As the old saying goes, it is better to retreat and build a net than to fish in the forest. The poet borrows this proverb to imply that he has the desire to achieve something, but he is afraid that no one will introduce him, so he says here that he has nothing. I hope that the mood of the other party's help will naturally show between the lines.

On the one hand, scholars use it to pave the way for entering the body, so there are many restrictions on words and expressions, and they often try their best to think; On the other hand, because the readers are high-ranking officials and dignitaries, or social elites, most of the dry poems show implicit aesthetic characteristics, and the authors often take comparison as the object.

This is a dry poem. In the 21st year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (733), Meng Haoran traveled to Chang 'an and wrote this poem as a gift to Zhang Jiuling at that time. Its purpose is to gain Zhang's appreciation and appointment, but only to maintain his own identity. He writes so tactfully and tries his best to eliminate the traces of dryness.

Autumn water is rising, and Dongting Lake is full in August, almost flush with the shore. Looking from a distance, water and sky are one color, and Dongting Lake is connected with the sky. In the first two sentences, Dongting Lake is very cheerful and muddy. Wang Yang is vast, connected with the sky, with lush flowers and trees, which can accommodate large and small rivers.

Three or four sentences about the lake. The rich accumulation of lakes, like vast swamps, is nourished by lakes, which makes it so lush. The word "wave shake" is placed on Yueyang City, which sets off the surging turmoil of the lake and is also extremely powerful. In people's eyes, this lakeside city seems to crouch uneasily under its feet and become extremely small. These two sentences are called famous sentences describing Dongting Lake. But there are still differences between the two sentences: the first sentence uses a broad plane to set off the vastness of the lake, and the second sentence uses a narrow three-dimensional to reflect the momentum of the lake. Dongting Lake described by the poet is not only vast, but also full of vitality.

The following four sentences become lyrical. I wanted to cross it, but I found that none of the boats were triggered by the scenery in front of me. Facing the vast lake, the poet thought he was still in the wild, but no one found the way, just as he wanted to cross the lake without a boat. The other party used to be the Prime Minister, and Zhou Zhen used this code very appropriately. What a shame that I am more idle than you politicians. That is to say, in this sacred and prosperous era, he is not willing to live an idle life and wants to do something. These two sentences are a formal confession to Prime Minister Zhang, indicating that although he is a hermit at present, he is unwilling to do so. He still yearns for the official position, but he still can't find a way.

So let's go one step further and call on Prime Minister Zhang. The fisherman alluded to the ruling figures of the dynasty, but in fact he only referred to Prime Minister Zhang. These last two sentences mean: Mr. Zhang, who is in power, I admire you for coming out to preside over state affairs, but as an opposition person, I can't stay with you and work for you, so I can only admire you for nothing. In these words, the poet skillfully used the old saying "Yuan Lin Xian Yu", so it is better to retreat and form a network ("Huai Nan Zi said Xun Lin") and make a renovation; Moreover, fishing happens to take care of the lake, so there is not much trace, but it is not difficult to understand his mood of asking for quotations.

As a dry poem, the most important thing is to write it properly and praise the other party for being measured and not losing his identity. The wording should be neither supercilious nor condescending, which is the first-class writing. This poem is tactful, unconventional and has its own artistic characteristics.

"Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang" is a lyric poem, which is written euphemistically. The gate system in the Tang Dynasty was very strict, and ordinary intellectuals rarely got on the political stage. In order to find a way out politically, intellectuals must turn to powerful dignitaries for help, write some poems and submit them, hoping to be appreciated, recommended and promoted. In 733 AD, Meng Haoran traveled to Chang 'an, and when Zhang Jiuling became the prime minister of the imperial court, he wrote this poem and dedicated it to Zhang Jiuling, hoping that he would help himself. But the poet refused to say that he wanted to be an official because he was worried and loved face, so he had to express his wishes euphemistically. This depressed mood is not difficult to understand.

The artistic feature of this poem is the organic combination of scenery description and lyricism, touching the scene and containing feelings in the scene. The first four sentences of this poem describe the scenery of Dongting Lake. The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky. The moral is the illusion that the sky is reflected in water. The sky is too clear. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, the water level of Dongting Lake rises to the height of the lake shore. When you look at the clouds, you can see that the lakes and mountains set each other off, and the water and sky are the same, which is very beautiful. Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang. On this vast lake and Yunmengze, water vapor transpiration and roaring waves shocked Yueyang City, which is located by the lake. These four poems vividly depict the scenery of Dongting Lake. Writing the scenery in this way sets off the poet's positive and enterprising mental state, suggesting that the poet is in his prime and willing to serve the country and make a difference. This is a wonderful use of writing about scenery.

Meng Haoran waited on Prime Minister Zhang in Dongting.

Prime Minister Zhang Zaidong Lake

Author: Meng Haoran

The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.

Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.

I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.

Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.

Precautions:

1, Prime Minister Zhang: refers to Zhang Jiuling.

2. Moral: including the sky, which means that the sky is reflected in the water.

3, mixed too clearly: mixed days.

4. Yun Mengze: In ancient times, Yun Ze and Mengze referred to a generation of low-lying areas in southern Hubei and northern Hunan.

5. economy: crossing.

6. Termination of residence: settlement.

Translation:

In August, Dongting Lake is full of boundless water.

Water and sky are confused and connected with space.

Yunmengerze water vapor transpiration in vain,

The rough waves seemed to shake Yueyang City.

I tried to swim, but I couldn't find a boat or paddle.

It is a shame to live in seclusion in an enlightened age.

Doing nothing, watching others fishing hard by the river,

I can only envy the success of others for nothing.

Appreciate:

This is a dry poem. The so-called nectar is to present poems to dignitaries in order to recommend employment. In the 21st year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (733), Zhang Jiuling was the prime minister, and the author went west to Chang 'an to present this poem for employment. In the first half of the poem, the Dongting is magnificent, symbolizing the Qingming politics of Kaiyuan. In the second half, he expressed his personal unsuccessful and depressed life, and expressed his determination to use the world. The whole poem praises each other, but not too much; Seeking employment, not self-deprecating, neither humble nor supercilious, very decent.

Accompanied by Prime Minister Zhang from Songzi Jiangdong Palace.

Meng Haoran accompanied Prime Minister Zhang from Songzi Jiangdong Palace.

Put down the pine branches and board the ship.

Forget the economic day and don't be afraid of the cold time.

Washing is not the only thing, just here.

Adults take care of themselves, and there is no doubt that birds will rest by themselves.

Clouds and things condense in isolated islands, and rivers and mountains distinguish four dimensions.

The wind is a little urgent, and the winter solstice comes late.

Wax sounds shock clouds and dreams, and fishing songs shock Chu ci.

Where is Zhu Gong? Sichuan should be safe.

The quatrains of ancient poetry are so classic, concise and full of infinite feelings. Want to see more quatrains and ancient poems? Please enjoy Zhang's quatrains.