What do you think of the lunar calendar and the lunar calendar? Tell me.

The conversion between lunar calendar (also called old calendar, ancient calendar, etc.). The solar calendar is very troublesome because of the design of leap months. No general conversion formula has been found. Most people can look up their watches (for example, quite a few mobile phones have this function). Now give you the following reference materials:

First, the calculation method of lunar leap month

Why is there a leap month in the lunar calendar? The lunar leap month is to coordinate the contradiction between the tropic year and the lunar year.

What is the contradiction between the tropic year and the lunar year? Remember first: the total length of the tropic year is 365.2422 days, and the length of the first lunar month is 29.5306 days.

12 lunar months make up the lunar year, with a length of 29.5306× 12=354.3672 days, which is 10.88 days less than the regression, and about1/kloc-0 per month less than 0.9 1 day.

Accordingly, if the Spring Festival in one year of the lunar calendar is a snowy winter, the Spring Festival in the next year will be 1 1 day earlier than the season, and 16 Lunar New Year will appear in the hot summer.

If the lunar year consists of thirteen lunar months, the length is 29.5306× 13=383.8978 days, which is more than the tropic year 18 days.

If the calendar is made according to the above regulations, there will be a strange phenomenon that the weather is inconsistent with the calendar and the time order is disordered and reversed-this is contradiction.

In order to overcome this shortcoming, our ancestors found the method of "leap month" on the basis of astronomical observation, ensuring that the first month to March is spring, April to June is summer, July to September is autumn, and October to December is winter, while ensuring that the first year of the lunar calendar is in late winter and early spring.

The mid-year month of the lunar calendar is based on the length of 29.5306 days in the first lunar month, so the big month is 30 days and the small month is 29 days. In order to ensure that the first day of each month (the first day) must be a new moon, the arrangement of large and small months is not fixed and needs to be determined through strict observation and calculation. Therefore, it is very common to be big or small for two consecutive months in the lunar calendar, and even there are rare exceptions, such as 1990 in which March and April are small, and 9, 10,1,1February are big for four consecutive months.

So how often do you add leap months? The best way is to find the least common multiple of the number of days in the tropical year and the number of days in the lunar month: we hope that the number of days in m tropical years is equal to the number of days in n lunar months, that is, there should be an equation:

m×365.2422=n×29.5306

In this equation, we can't directly find out m and n, but we can find out their proportions:

The approximate value of this ratio is:

In these fractions, the numerator represents the number of tropical years and the denominator represents the number of moons. For example, the sixth score means that seven leap months must be added to 19 tropical year.

Comparison of the results of adding 7 leap months in 19 tropical year;

19 tropical year = 19× 365.2422 = 6939+38+08 (days)

A lunar month has 29.5306 days, and 235 lunar months = 235× 29.5306 = 6939+38 days.

19 tropic year plus 7 leap months, the contradiction is eliminated: 6939.438+00-6939.18 = 0.0892 (days)-that is, more than 2 hours and 9 minutes, which is accurate enough.

Therefore, the lunar calendar adopts the method of 19 plus 7 leap months, that is, the "19 7 leap month method", which well coordinates the return year and the lunar year, so that the New Year's Day (Spring Festival) of the lunar calendar is always kept in the late winter and early spring. The ancients called 235 new moons "leap weeks".

The method of placing leap in the lunar calendar can make the average length of the lunar year close to the tropic year. The moon in the lunar calendar has distinct moon phase characteristics, which keeps the best characteristics of both the solar calendar and the lunar calendar.

At present, the method of setting leap is between two winter solstice. If it is only 12 months, it is not a leap; if it is 13 months, it is a leap. The leap month begins on the "winter solstice". When there is no "neutral spirit" in the first month, this month is a leap month, and its name is to add the word "leap" before the previous month.

What month is the lunar leap month? It depends on the 24 solar terms in a year.

In the China lunar calendar, 24 solar terms are divided into 12 solar terms and 12 neutral terms.

The date of the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar is postponed month by month, so in some lunar months, the gas falls at the end of the month, and it will be out of gas next month.

Generally, there will be a month without gas every two years, which coincides with the year when leap months are needed. Therefore, the lunar calendar stipulates that non-neutral months are leap months.

For example, April 29th of the 200 1 lunar calendar is full of breath, and the first day of every other month is the solstice of the next summer. If there is no gas this month, it will be a leap month, after April, so it is called leap April.

Second, how to convert the solar calendar and the lunar calendar?

Many people have been looking for formulas to change the lunar calendar. I tried, too. I have read the Academic Thesis written by senior astronomers, and learned about the changes of ancient calendars and the defects of Yin and Yang calendars. Only then did I know that there was no formula to find because of the instability and irregularity of the moon's rotation. This is also the reason why China had to change its calendar every hundred years in ancient times.

The biggest problem in the lunar calendar is how to set a leap year. It doesn't seem difficult, because the basic rules of the lunar calendar are as follows:

* The first day of every month is the first day.

* Month is named after Zhongqi.

* The first month is a "cloudy" month.

* leap month is a lifeless month, and the previous month has the same name.

If the rotation of the sun and the moon is regular, it is not difficult to derive a set of formulas for the conversion of yin and yang calendars. The problem is that sometimes the lunar month is longer than the solar month. Such a lunar month may contain two neutral gases. The names of lunar months after this double neutral month are all messy, and will not be adjusted until the next "fake" leap month.

The lunar calendar that most people come into contact with is a kind of civil calendar, which is a calendar promulgated by the government, calculated by East longitude 120 degrees, or Central Plains standard time, or Beijing time. If we recalculate the Yin-Yang calendar with different time zones and different longitudes, there will be a big problem with the leap rule of the civil calendar. Leap months in different time zones may fall in different months. In other words, in one hundred years, the leap month sequence pattern of any two time zones will be different.

Gao's predecessors mentioned the leap calendar. If the leap method is applied to different time zones, all leap months in different time zones are in the same month. In this way, the leap problem of yin-yang calendars with different time zones and longitudes disappears. The difference between civil leap and calendar leap lies in:

* leap in civil use, if the new moon is on the same day as qi, then the lunar month contains that qi.

* leap in the calendar, if the date of the new moon and the date of the new moon are on the same day, and the date of the new moon must be before the date of the new moon, then the lunar month includes the new moon.

In short, the folk comparison between new moon and neutral day; Compare the date, hour, minute and second of the new moon and gas in the calendar. Therefore, if there are no accurate time figures of the sun and the moon, the leap month of the lunar calendar may be arranged incorrectly.

For these reasons, I began to look for astronomical formulas to calculate the exact time of the sun and the moon in latitude. When there was no internet, I spent half a year looking for answers in major libraries and universities in southern California. 1993 published the book "Sino-American Astronomical Calendar". The exact astronomical date, month and time in the book are only between 1900 and 20 10 years. I'm afraid the time error after 20 1 1 is more than one minute, which is not accurate enough to print. In 2002, after I determined the accuracy of the sun and moon time from the network information, I rearranged the information in my busy schedule and provided it to friends who needed the lunar conversion formula.

The time numbers of the sun and the moon range from 1 to 2246. There are calendars and China civil calendars. Digital content clearly shows the end of the civil calendar. For example, from 1600 to 2246, the folk calendar has 22 lunar months and only 5 calendar months. Even in 2033, February128, 2242, the civil calendar actually used up two pairs of gas in three months; In other words, there are two "fake" leap months in three months. 12 There are three leap months in the lunar calendar, and the issue of whether or not to stay in the leap months has aroused many scholars' discussions and concerns. During these three years, the calendar did not find a double lunar month. As long as the "fake" leap month after the double neutral month is cancelled, the calendar will be almost perfect.

Therefore, the civil calendar is very problematic and should be abolished. The last big change of the lunar calendar was in 1645, which has been more than 350 years. With the progress of astronomical science, the lunar calendar in China should use a more accurate calendar. So that future generations will not waste time discussing whether to stay or not.

Yin and Yang calendars are mostly used for eight-character fortune-telling, Wei Zi Dou Shu, peasant calendar and Tibetan calendar. Many people don't know that the horoscope only uses the solar calendar, not the lunar calendar. I spent a lot of time studying the conversion of the lunar calendar. In fact, the eight characters are only solar terms used by the sun, and have nothing to do with the moon. Wei Zi needs the date of the lunar calendar to arrange his horoscope. Half of the lunar calendar dates in the American time zone are one day different from those in China, because the time difference is more than 12 hours; The first day may be a different day. A friend, a professional fortune teller in Canada, is proficient in eight-character and purple-micro-bucket numbers and studies her own female chart. Parents' eight-character theory is reasonable. Counting my parents' palaces, I can't see my own shadow. Later, I found the answer to "one day short" in the book "Sino-American Astronomical Calendar".

Once, a retired doctor spent nearly 30 years looking for the formula of the lunar calendar, and asked all the major observatories on both sides of the strait, but he couldn't get the answer until he found the book "Sino-American Astronomical Calendar". Finally, I hope that the astronomical figures and original procedures of China Lunar Calendar compiled by me can give readers who are curious about the conversion method of the Lunar Calendar an answer, so as to avoid regretting for life without an answer.

Explained the astronomical figures and original procedures of China Lunar Calendar in simple English.

Please enter from the following China lunar calendar.

He has no formal education in astronomy. With a passion for astronomy, I taught myself astronomy books. Because of his contribution to astronomy, on his centenary birthday, a circular moon pit was named after him. It is located at 87.6 degrees east longitude and 6.7 degrees south latitude of the moon, with a diameter of 34 kilometers, winning glory for our country.

Third, look-up table conversion

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