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Under what circumstances was Lv Chunqiu written by the author (writing background! ! ! ! ! "! " ! ! )

Lu Lan was written in 239 BC, just before Qin unified the six countries. Lv Buwei was a famous figure who worked in Qin at the end of the Warring States Period. Lv Buwei made a great contribution to help Prince Qin Zhao and his grandson who were kidnapped to Zhao establish a new institution. After the new king succeeded Qin Zhuangxiang as king, he was appointed as prime minister.

At that time, Wei Youxin, Chu Youchun, Zhao You and Qi You all made friends. In this respect, we must strive for a high and low level. It is a shame that Qin is so powerful that it is not as good as them, so he also recruited scholars to give them generous treatment, with as many as 3000 diners. Unlike Four Children, Lv Buwei does not attach much importance to The Brave Warrior, but attaches great importance to literary talent. Facts have proved that Lv Buwei has his own views. He has always been good at strategy and despises those brave people who are simple-minded. Besides, Qin Athens is like a cloud, so there is no need to raise or kill people. There is another reason. At that time, many eloquent people wrote books, which were widely circulated, not only world-famous, but also spread through the ages, which made Lv Buwei particularly jealous. Businessman Lv Buwei has no condition to write a book, but he can realize his ambition and desire with the help of these masters who are good at writing and writing. At that time, there were many talented people in various vassal states, such as Xun Qing and his colleagues, who wrote books and made popular statements all over the world.

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What is the author, background and summary of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals?

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is a miscellaneous work compiled by Lv Buwei, the prime minister of Qin State, at the end of the Warring States Period (about 22 BC1year). It was written in 239 BC, just before Qin unified the six countries. This book is divided into twelve chapters, eight readings and six theories, with 26 volumes, 160 articles and more than 200,000 words. The book respects Taoist thought, affirms that Laozi conforms to objective thought, but abandons its negative elements. At the same time, a theoretical system including politics, economy, philosophy, morality and military has been formed by integrating the matrix of Confucianism, Mohism, France and the military. Lv Buwei's aim is to synthesize the strengths of a hundred schools of thought, sum up historical experience and lessons, and provide a long-term strategy for the future rule of Qin. The book also puts forward the ideas of "observing heaven and earth" and "observing rumors", as well as the way to keep fit for the plot and exercise, which has materialistic factors. At the same time, many ancient rumors are preserved in the book, which has high theoretical and historical reference value. In addition, there are some superstitious ideas in the book, which should be distinguished. Sima Qian juxtaposed Lu Lan with Zhouyi, Chunqiu and Lisao in Historical Records, which shows that he attached importance to Lv Chunqiu. Gao Yin of the Eastern Han Dynasty also commented on it, arguing that this book is far from being the right of all the philosophers, that is, it transcends the achievements of all the philosophers. Han Shu's Annals of Literature and Art lists this book as miscellaneous studies, which Confucian scholars no longer attach importance to. Notes on Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is a new collation of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals by Bi Yuan. The modern revision of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals can be used as a reference. Lv Buwei, whose date of birth and death is unknown, was a patriot at the end of the Warring States Period. Originally a wealthy businessman in Yangzhai, he was appreciated by Qin Gongzi Chu when he was doing business in Handan, and was later regarded as the prime minister, abandoning business and entering politics. After Qin Shihuang came to power, he was dismissed from office and moved to Shu County for fear of suicide. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is a gathering of 3,000 people, including both Confucianism and Mohism, with a total of 160 articles, including eight readings, six theories and twelve issues, and is listed as a saint in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. This book is an eclectic and meticulous summary of pre-Qin ideology and culture. With Confucianism as the mainstream, Taoism as the foundation and Laozi's objective thoughts as the backing, it abandoned his passive seclusion, absorbed the strengths of hundred schools of thought, such as fame, law, ink, military, agriculture, Yin and Yang, and initially formed a theoretical system including politics, economy, philosophy, morality and military, while retaining medicine and music. The article is clear and sharp, and the story, metaphor and discussion are organically combined. After writing, Ceng Bu will reward anyone who can get a word. Guy Lv Buwei wants to take this opportunity to show the world his political views on unifying and governing the world. Unfortunately, he died before he announced his ambition, so his theory can't be applied in the contemporary world. After gaining power, he learned the lesson of Qin's death and used it together, advocating inaction and sharing interest with the people. In many ways, it is consistent with the thought of Lv Chunqiu. I didn't sell your goods cheaply at the beginning, and my family was tired. I was killed for being prime minister. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is a masterpiece of a hundred schools of thought, covering history. His life experience is legendary and his writings are abundant. How can you ignore it in ancient times? Yin Gao in the Eastern Han Dynasty was the first to annotate Lv Chunqiu, and Xu Weiqi's Collection of Notes on Lv Chunqiu and Lu Chunqiu's Annotation are relatively complete annotations.

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What is the author's writing background?

Wu Cheng'en (1506- 1582), whose real name is Ruzhong, was born in Huai 'an in the Ming Dynasty and was the author of the novel The Journey to the West. He was born at the wrong time and had a rough life. However, 400 years after his death, his graveyard, bones and some inscriptions were discovered. Wu Cheng'en's former residence has been rebuilt in Tongxiang under Huai 'an River, and the Wu Cheng'en Cemetery in Bauer Village in Madian Township has also been repaired. When he was a teenager, Wu Cheng'en liked to listen to the stories of the Huaihe River Water God and the Sangha Great Sage. After middle age, he began to combine the story of Tang priest's westward journey with Tang legends, Buddhist and Taoist classics, folk stories and Huai 'an local stories, and wrote hundreds of stories about the journey to the west in his study. As soon as this book came out, it was hailed as one of the "four wonderful books" and became a treasure of the world literary world. Wu Cheng'en is good at painting and calligraphy. However, the imperial examination was unfavorable, and it was not until middle age that he entered the tribute. At the age of 60, he became Changxing County Cheng, but left home because of disagreement with the chief executive. Later, he hired Jing Wang Fu Ji Shan. Wu Cheng'en's father, Wu Rui (146 1- 1532), whose real name is Tingqi, is an honest man who likes to tell stories about history and visit ancient temples in Huaidi, and often tells stories about folk ghosts and gods to young Wu Cheng'en. Married to the Xu family, the daughter of a lace merchant. Xu gave birth to a daughter named Wu Chengjia, who married Shen Shan, a member of Huai 'an Minister. After middle age, he married Zhang and gave birth to the famous writer Wu Cheng'en. Introduction to Journey to the West (by Wu Cheng'en) The Journey to the West mainly tells the story of the Monkey King's 81-year-old journey to learn from the West to protect Tang Priest. It is a true story in history that Tang Priest learned the scriptures. About 1300 years ago, in the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (627), Xuanzang, a 25-year-old young monk, left the capital Chang 'an and went to Tianzhu (India) to study alone. After starting from Chang 'an, he passed through Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan and finally arrived in India. He studied there for more than two years and gave a speech at a large-scale debate on Buddhist classics, which was well received. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), Xuanzang returned to Chang 'an and brought back 657 Buddhist scriptures. He traveled to Wan Li in 19 before and after this Buddhist pilgrimage, which was a legendary Long March and made a sensation. Later, Xuanzang dictated what he had learned about his journey to the West, which was compiled by his disciples into a 12 volume of "Records of the Western Regions of Datang". But this book is mainly about the history, geography and transportation of countries seen on the road, and there is no story. As for "Datang The biography of Master Sanzang" written by his disciples Huihe and Yan Cong, it adds a lot of myths to Xuanzang's experience. Since then, the story of Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures has been widely circulated among the people. There were poems by three monks in the Tang Dynasty in the Southern Song Dynasty, Tang Sanzang and Pan in the Jin Dynasty, Tang Sanzang's "Learning from the Western Heaven" in Wu Changling, and "Great Sage" in the Fifth Ming Dynasty, all of which laid the foundation for The Journey to the West's creation. It is also on the basis of folklore, scripts and operas that Wu Cheng'en completed this great literary masterpiece that the Chinese nation is proud of through hard re-creation. Wu Cheng'en, like a Chinese character, was born in Yangshan, Huai 'an Prefecture (now Huai 'an City, Jiangsu Province). Born in the 13th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty to the early year of Zheng Dechu (1500— 15 10), died in the 10th year of Wanli (1582). Wu Cheng'en's great-grandfather and grandfather were both scholars, and both served as lecturers and lecturers in county schools. But in his father's generation, due to his poor family, the Xu family became redundant. "So he attacked the Xu family and became the boss" and became a small businessman. Nevertheless, the Wu family has not lost the tradition of reading. It is said that although his father Wu Rui is a businessman, he is not only decent, but also good at reading and talking about current affairs, which naturally has a great influence on Wu Cheng'en. Wu Cheng'en was very clever since he was a child, and he entered school very early. He was very successful as a teenager and was famous in his village. Volume 16 of The Apocalypse of Huai 'an Prefecture said that Wu Cheng'en was "quick and wise, and learned a lot of books, whether poetry or prose." However, Wu Cheng'en, as an adult, encountered many setbacks on the road to the imperial examination. He didn't make up for one-year-old Gong Sheng until he was in his forties. In his fifties, he worked as a county magistrate in Changxing, Zhejiang Province, and later as a king's residence, Jishan. This is a sinecure, with the same level as the county magistrate. Wu Cheng'en created The Journey to the West after middle age, or was considered to have done it in his later years. The exact time cannot be determined. Besides The Journey to the West, he also wrote long poems "Song of Jiro Seeking Mountains" and "In Zhi Ding". Sheyang Survival Draft consists of four volumes, including one volume of poetry and three volumes of prose, which were edited by Du Qiu after Wu Cheng'en's death. The complete works of Journey to the West have one hundred chapters, which can be divided into three parts from the big structure. The first time to the eighth time is the first part, mainly about the birth of the Monkey King, his apprentice, who made a scene in heaven. This is the most wonderful chapter in the book, very vivid. The Monkey King had a good meal in heaven and earth, which showed his rebellious character to the fullest. Chapters 8 to 12 are the second part, mainly describing the origin of Tang Priest and the reasons for learning from the scriptures. The thirteenth to the last time is the third part, mainly about Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures. On the way, I received three apprentices, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand. After eighty-one difficulties, I finally got the true scripture and got the right result. Journey to the West shows people a colorful world of ghosts and gods, and people are all amazed by the author's rich and bold artistic imagination. However, any literary work is a reflection of a certain social life, and The Journey to the West, as an outstanding representative of ghost novels, is no exception. As Lu Xun pointed out in A Brief History of China's Novels, The Journey to the West "satirized and mocked the world at that time and described it in an extravagant way". He also said: "The author's nature is to restore a beautiful and humorous drama, so although he said something sudden, he also said something confusing, which made all gods and demons have a human touch and sophisticated." That's true. Through the illusory world of ghosts and gods in The Journey to the West, the projection of real society can be seen everywhere. For example, in shaping the image of the Monkey King, the author's ideal is entrusted. The Monkey King's indomitable spirit of struggle and fearless spirit of sweeping away all monsters and ghosts reflect the wishes and demands of the people. He represents the power of justice and shows the people's belief in overcoming all difficulties. Another example is the monsters encountered on the way to the scriptures, or the illusion of natural disasters, or the symbol of evil forces. Their greed, ferocity, insidious and cunning are also the characteristics of the dark forces in feudal society. Not only that, the Heavenly Palace ruled by the Jade Emperor and the Western Heaven under the jurisdiction of the Buddha have also been heavily painted with the color of human society. The author's attitude towards the supreme ruler of feudal society is also quite interesting. In Journey to the West, there is no competent emperor at all. As for the incompetent Jade Emperor, the King of Guo who loves monsters, and the King of monks who want to use childlike innocence as medicine, they are either bad kings or tyrants. The portrayal of these images, even if handy, is of great practical significance. The Journey to the West not only has profound ideological content, but also has made great achievements in art. With rich and peculiar artistic imagination, vivid and tortuous story, vivid characters and humorous language, he has built a unique art palace in The Journey to the West. But I think the greatest artistic achievement of Journey to the West is that he successfully created two immortal artistic images, the Monkey King and Zhu Bajie. The Monkey King is the first hero in the Journey to the West and a great hero. He has unlimited skills, fearlessness and indomitable spirit of resistance. He has the extraordinary bearing of a great hero, but he also has the disadvantage of listening to compliments. He is witty, brave and humorous. And his biggest feature is that he dares to fight. Dare to fight with the supreme jade emperor, and have the reputation of "Monkey King"; If you dare to hit a monster, you will never let go of a monster and show no mercy to the monster under the golden hoop; Dare to fight against all difficulties, never flinch or bow. This is the Monkey King, a dazzling mythical hero. When it comes to Pig Bajie, his skill is far worse than that of the Monkey King, not to mention his brilliant and tall figure, but this image is also well portrayed. Pig Bajie is a cartoon character. He is honest, powerful and dare to play demons. He is the Monkey King's first right-hand man. But his mind is full of problems, delicious and delicious, taking advantage of small things, liking women and being afraid of difficulties. He often gives in, always thinking of Gao Laozhuang's daughter-in-law. He likes to lie sometimes, but he is all thumbs. From time to time, he provoked the Tang Priest to recite a spell, which made the Monkey King suffer. He even hid some private money in his ear. He has many problems, which is a bad habit of small private owners. The author's criticism of Zhu Bajie's shortcomings is severe, but it is also kind. He is not a denied figure, so people don't hate Pig, but think it is real and cute. The image of Tang Priest is well written, but it is much worse than that of the Monkey King Pig Bajie. Friar Sand lacks distinctive personality characteristics, which is the shortcoming of Journey to the West. Nevertheless, The Journey to the West's artistic achievements are still amazing. The Monkey King and Zhu Bajie, two images, with their distinctive personality characteristics, have established an immortal artistic monument in the history of China literature. A Brief Introduction to The Journey to the West Among China's classical novels, The Journey to the West, The Water Margin, Jin Ping Mei and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are listed as four fantastic books in Ming Dynasty, which have been circulated among the people for a long time and are well-known masterpieces. The Journey to the West is the crystallization of myths, fables and comic novels. Its story is mainly about a group of anthropomorphic animals, escorting a monk to West India to learn Buddhist scriptures, and it also brings some fairy tale interest. These animals, all fairy fetuses with magical power, are playing with gods and demons in order to escort Buddhist scriptures. The fantasy world created by the author Wu Cheng'en is absurd and vivid, implying different faces of human nature. The Monkey King, originally a stone monkey, has the dexterity and nifty of a monkey, and is good at subduing demons, while Pig Bajie has the heavy and unswerving character symbol of a pig, often making a fool of himself and making a lot of jokes. Because people who want to learn Buddhism have to go through 8 1 difficulties and overcome the challenges of cattle, spider essence and white one by one in order to complete the task of learning Buddhism, which also symbolizes that everyone will encounter all kinds of difficulties and challenges in the process of pursuing their ideals. Journey to the West can be loved by ancient and modern readers, mainly because of the success of role-building. Readers can not only enjoy comedy, but also have a deep understanding of human nature and life. On the surface, Journey to the West is a funny novel, a supernatural novel. Most readers think that the purpose of the author's writing is just to make you laugh, but in fact, the motivation and purpose of the author's writing are definitely not like this. Some people think that The Journey to the West is a religious novel that expounds Buddhism, which cannot be completely summarized. Journey to the West should be a profound satire novel. We should look at it from the perspective of literature, politics or sociology in order to understand the true meaning and literary value of this book. To understand a literary work, it is best to understand it from the author's life and background. Wu Cheng'en, the author of The Journey to the West, is a well-read and talented person. However, his life experience is not good. At that time, the society was corrupt, and he wanted to take bribes in the exam. Because he had no money to bribe the scholar, he failed the exam and worked as a scholar until he was in his forties. Regarding the historical background of Journey to the West, we might as well look at the official records of Tang Priest. There was a master Xuanzang in the Tang Dynasty, that is, a monk. He once crossed the desert and went to West India to learn from the scriptures. At that time, it took 19 years, and more than 600 Buddhist scriptures were brought back to China. This is the backbone of The Journey to the West's story. Of course, Tang Sanzang, the protagonist in The Journey to the West, is also a figure created by the author to cater to the folk psychology, and it is difficult to be associated with the great achievements of Master Xuanzang in the official history. Tang Sanzang: Although Tang Sanzang is a master whose duty is to learn from the scriptures in his book, in fact, he is weak in personality, hypocritical and afraid of death, and lacks transcendental understanding. Although he is kind, he can't tell right from wrong. Instead, I often listen to Zhu Bajie's provocation and misunderstand the Monkey King who can see through evil tricks. Keep shouting "Wukong, help me!" After falling into a trap. In fact, the image of Tang Priest can be said to coincide with the legendary white-flour scholar. Although full of idealism, but helpless, when difficulties occur, always helpless, waiting for foreign aid. And his pedantry and ignorance of the truth seem to show the author's insinuation of politicians' incompetence. However, no matter from the perspective of religion or personal cultivation, Tang Sanzang is not a holy monk, but an ordinary person. The Monkey King So the soul of Journey to the West should be the Monkey King. The Monkey King was originally a lingshi on the fairy mountain, and turned into a monkey. Because of his courage, he was elected king by the monkeys. But one day he suddenly realized that life was limited. Although the Monkey King lived a happy life in water curtain cave, he could not live forever. So he left everything behind and left home to learn how to become an immortal, hence the name "the Monkey King". The Monkey King is smart, quick-thinking and quick-acting. He learned high-powered magic, and he can change seventy-two things in one breath. He also has a magic weapon, the golden hoop stick, which can be turned into a needle and enlarged into a copper stick, as well as a somersault cloud. Wukong is still a monkey. He is clever and naughty, and likes to play tricks on others. He deliberately asked Pig Bajie to patrol the mountains and explore the road, but he became a bug and secretly looked at the lazy Pig Bajie. It can be seen that he is thoughtful and mischievous. The Monkey King was fearless, so he dared to make trouble with the Sea Dragon King, the underworld and the Heavenly Palace, and even made a bet with the Buddha. This shows his rebellious, unwilling to be bound and unconventional character. Full of energy, fearless spirit, upright character and optimistic character, he is not afraid of difficulties and dares to face challenges. His spirit of taking risks and making trouble fully shows the characteristics of a hero. But competitive, arrogant and impatient are his weaknesses. Pig Bajie, who also represents the role of pleasure, can only change 36 times, although it also has magic power. Compared with Wukong, he is stupid and heavy, so he is often teased by Wukong. So I often play tricks on Wukong in the Tang priest's ear, which makes Wukong very painful. Bajie is characterized by gluttony and laziness, and attaches importance to material enjoyment. Quit the team when you encounter difficulties, and you can't persist. He was lured by beautiful women and gold and silver during his journey, and almost left others behind, interrupting his own path of practice. I didn't expect the incarnation of the Bodhisattva to test him. These gaffes are not criticism in Wu Cheng'en's works, but humor and satire. Pig Bajie also made a fool of himself again and again, giving readers a reflection on human greed. Sha Wujing and another disciple, Sha Wujing, wrote less with pen and ink, but showed a resolute and wooden character, silent and practical. Mr. Compass (writer): There really was a great monk who went to India to learn from the scriptures in history. But the Tang Priest on Journey to the West is by no means equal to the real Tang Priest. The real Tang Priest is not only good at learning, but also has great perseverance and courage. When he is in trouble, he is not afraid to back down, and he is committed to getting the truth. But in The Journey to the West, Tang Sanzang was timid and cowardly, and even fell off his horse. Journey to the West, a small group, actually represents a kingdom. Tang Sanzang represents a timid, weak, ignorant, disloyal and treacherous bad king. The theme of Journey to the West is actually to cultivate the mind, because the process of learning from the West is not only a symbol of the process of constantly correcting our personality defects. And all kinds of monsters in the story are actually the embodiment of human desire. Greed, laziness, weakness and even ignorance are actually some characteristics that human beings have always needed to correct. Similarly, kindness, simplicity and courage are also treasures of human nature. These characteristics are shown by the characters in the story and the fighting with ghosts and gods. The story tells us that life needs exercise, so as to achieve the true state of truth, goodness and beauty.

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Who are the authors of the four classic novels, when were they written, and what is the writing background?

Romance of the Three Kingdoms Author: (Late Yuan Dynasty and Early Ming Dynasty) Luo Guanzhong Full Name: Romance of the Three Kingdoms Number: a total of 120 Introduction: Based on the Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou, the Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Ye Fan in the later Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty and some folklore. At present, the earliest edition is Ming Jiajing edition, which is divided into 24 volumes and 240 articles. In the early Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang and his son made some modifications and became the most common transcript of 120. This is China's first chapter-by-chapter novel. The story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan and ends with Wu. This paper describes the military and political struggle between Wei, Shu and Wu in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The characters are simple, profound, tortuous and grand in structure. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, China's novels entered a new period, especially Zhang Hui's novels entered a perfect stage. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, China's first classical novel with the widest circulation, the deepest influence, the highest achievement and the greatest boldness of vision, was born and swept the world through the pen of Luo Guanzhong, an outstanding novelist who lived in this historical period. He has made great achievements in the history of China literature development. At the same time, it also adds brilliant brilliance to the treasure house of world literature. Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the history of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty. The book reflects the political and military struggle, the infiltration and transformation of various social contradictions in the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes of this era and shapes a group of heroes. In grasping the history of the Three Kingdoms, the author showed an obvious tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao, focusing on the description of Liu Bei Group, praising the main figures of Liu Bei Group and trying to expose and lash Cao Cao. Today, we should dialectically understand the author's tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao. Respecting Liu and opposing Cao is the main tendency of folklore in Luo Guanzhong era, which implies people's hope for the rejuvenation of the Han nationality. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has created nearly 2,000 characters, among which Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and others are the most successful. Zhuge Liang is the incarnation of the "saint" in the author's mind. He has the lofty spirit of "devoting all his efforts to death" and the ambition of helping people rebuild a peaceful and prosperous world in modern times. In addition, the author endowed him with the peculiar ability of giving orders and calculating skillfully. Cao Cao is a treacherous man, and his life creed is "Better teach the world to be negative than to teach the world to be negative" (historically, "Better teach the world to be negative than to teach the world to be negative." He is a political careerist and schemer, so don't confuse him with the real Cao Cao in history. Guan Yu is "brave and resolute" and "righteous as a mountain". But his loyalty is based on personal grudges, not the national justice. Liu Bei was portrayed by the author as a kind-hearted person, a corporal with noble character and a kind-hearted person. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes all kinds of wars, big and small, with grand ideas and diverse techniques, which let us clearly see the bloody war scenes. Among them, the description of the battle of Guandu and Battle of Red Cliffs is ups and downs, ups and downs, and it is thrilling to read. The structure of The Romance of Three Kingdoms is seven realities and three vacuities, and fictional artistic techniques are used in writing, such as making things out of nothing, replacing trees with flowers, adding branches and leaves, and exaggerating. Luo Guanzhong (1330- 1400) was a popular novelist in Ming dynasty. His native place is Taiyuan (now Shanxi) and Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), so he is not sure. According to legend, Luo Guanzhong was a screen guest of Zhang Shicheng, a peasant uprising army at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he also wrote popular novels such as Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties and plays such as Meet the Dragon and Tiger of Zhao Taizu. In addition, quite a few people think that the last thirty chapters of Water Margin are also his works. "Water Margin" was also called "Loyal Water Margin" and "Biography of Jianghu Hawks" by Shi Naian (late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty). In addition, quite a few people think that the last thirty chapters of Water Margin were written by Luo Guanzhong. Gao Ru recorded what he saw in "Hundred Rivers Record" in Ming Dynasty. The former was "Qiantang Shi Naian Book, edited by Luo Guanzhong". Hu Yinglin's Shao Shi Shan Fang Bi Ji was written by Shi Naian, and Wang Qi's Xushu Tongkao was written by Luo Guanzhong. Introduction to Water Margin: The author created it on the basis of the legacy of Xuanhe and related scripts and stories. The main theme of the book is to describe the peasant war, and it created Liangshan heroes such as Lin and others, revealing the social contradictions at that time. The story is tortuous, the language is vivid, and the characters are vivid, which has high artistic achievements. Version: There are many different books in the spread of Water Margin. At present, there are mainly 100 copies, 120 copies and 70 copies. After Zhao An 100, there were plots such as "collecting Liao" and suppressing Fang La uprising. 120 Huiben added the plot of suppressing tian hu and Wang Qing. Later, Jin Shengtan deleted the book, excluding courtship and later events, and called it 70 chapters (actually 7 1 chapter). Shi Naian (1296 ~ 137 1) is also known as Zhao Rui, Yan Duan and Naian. Native place: Baima Farm in Xinghua (now Jiangsu). Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijia Lane outside Nagato, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province). Outside the gate of Suzhou, there is a family named Shi in Shijiaxiang, North of Huaixu Bridge, which is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius. The father who spread this branch to Shi Naian was the14th generation. In the second year of Yuan Chengzong Yuan Zhen (AD 1296), another man was added to the family. An old scholar named the baby Yan Duan, which means that the child must be a clever genius when he grows up. The strict passage in this infant is Shi Naian, who later wrote the historical masterpiece Water Margin. When Shi Naian was seven years old, his family was poor and he couldn't go to school. But he is smart and eager to learn, often borrows books, asks his neighbors to teach him, and sometimes goes to the university to audit. In this way, he read many books such as The University, The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Songs and The Book of Rites. /kloc-at the age of 0/3, he can answer questions in public and write beautifully. Once, an old neighbor died of illness. Please ask Ji Xiucai, who teaches in a private school in Xushuguan, to write a eulogy. Ji Xiucai failed to arrive in time, so others suggested Yan Duan try. Nai 'an, in high spirits, wanted to show his talents and didn't give in. He came over and waved. Later, Ji Xiucai read this naive and brilliant eulogy and praised it greatly. Offered to take Shi Naian to Hushuguan for free study. Later, he betrothed his daughter to Shi Naian. Shi Naian studies hard at the Hushu Pavilion. He is not only familiar with the contention of a hundred schools of thought, but also browses various books. At that time, The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty told stories such as "Classical outsmarted Yan Poxi", "Sung River was killed" and "Yang Zhi sold knives", which aroused Shi Naian's interest. He often read after school. I also dance knives and sticks with friends and practice martial arts. At that time, Suzhou City often rap some scripts and zaju, such as Stalagmite Plum, Green-faced Beast, Flower Monk, Warrior, Fighting Fish in Tongleyuan by Yan Qing, and Negative Jing by jy. Shi Naian sometimes amuses himself and admires these "heroic heroes" and "lofty heroes". Journey to the West Author: (Ming) Wu Cheng'en, also known as "Journey to the West and Interpretation of Eritrea": a total of 100 (actually 10 1 back) Brief introduction: The Journey to the West was created on the basis of Tang Priest's stories, related scripts and zaju (written by Yang Ne in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty). Seven times before the Journey to the West, the Monkey King was born, and there was a story about the Palace of Heaven. After that, he wrote the story of the Monkey King following the Tang Priest to learn Buddhist scriptures and exorcising demons and overcoming difficulties along the way. The Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand in the book are vivid, large-scale and complete in structure. The content is divided into three parts: the first part (one to seven times) introduces the Monkey King's magical power, causing havoc in Heaven; The second part (eight to twelve times) tells the reason why Sanzang learned the scriptures; The third part (chapters 13 to 100) is the main body of the whole story, and it is written that Wukong and others finally arrived in the Western Heaven to retrieve the scriptures. Wu Cheng'en (about 1504—— about 1582) is a native of Huai 'an, Jiangsu. Wu Cheng'en didn't get a one-year-old tribute student until he was about 40 years old. He went to Beijing to wait for an official position, but he was not selected. Because his mother was poor, he went to Changxing as a county magistrate. He was eventually falsely accused and "ran away from home" two years later. In his later years, he made a living by selling prose and lived for nearly 80 years. A Dream of Red Mansions is also known as: Stone Story, Beautiful Mirror, Twelve Women in Jinling, Records of Love Monks, Records of Grand View, Jinyuyuan and Springs in Love. Author: (Qing Dynasty) A Dream of Red Mansions written by Cao Xueqin, the first eighty chapters were written by Cao Xueqin, and the last forty chapters were generally thought to be written by Gao E. The eighty chapters of Cao Zuo were circulated in the form of manuscripts in the process of writing and revision. In the fifty years of Qianlong (179 1), Cheng Weiyuan printed the first eighty chapters and the last forty chapters with movable type, which became popular from then on. But the words in the first eighty chapters have been changed. Introduction: A Dream of Red Mansions was written in the Qianlong period in the middle of18th century. Based on the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, it describes the feudal bureaucrats Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue.