The lowest basin in the world is Turpan basin.

Geographically, the main reason for the formation of basins is crustal movement, and the types of basins are mainly divided into two types. Where is the lowest basin in the world, and what is the average elevation? Let's have a look!

The lowest basin in the world is Turpan basin.

Turpan basin (elevation:-154m)

Turpan basin-the lowest basin in the world

Geographical coordinates are 89 degrees east longitude 1 1 min and 42 degrees 56 minutes north latitude.

The lowest inland basin in China. It's in the east of Xinjiang.

It is an intermountain fault basin on the southern slope of the East Tianshan Mountains, with Bogda Mountain in the north.

To the south is Mount Kuruk.

The area is about 50

000 square kilometers. The central part of the basin is below sea level, accounting for about 4.

000 square kilometers

Lake Aiding-154m

Lake bottom-16 1 m. There are two rows of east-west low mountains in the middle of the basin.

To the north is the Flame Mountain.

Less than 900 meters; To the south is Jueluotag Mountain.

Approximately 1

000? 1

500 meters; There is an oasis between them. Flame Mountain uses this as an alluvial fan at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain.

Gravel Gobi

Abundant groundwater

Karez (underground aqueduct) will divert water from now on. Precipitation in the basin is scarce.

The average annual precipitation in Turpan is 16.4 mm.

Toksun city 6.9 mm

Beishan 300? 400 mm

There is snow on the top of the mountain.

It is the main irrigation water source in this basin.

Therefore, the three main oases in the basin (Turpan, Shanshan and Toksun) are located in the north of the middle near the water source. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources,

Most of them are irrigated by karez. The basin is rich in light and heat resources.

The sunshine in the whole year exceeds 3.

000 hours

Annual accumulated temperature is greater than or equal to 10℃ 5.

About 000℃; It's hot in summer.

6? In August, the average temperature was above 38℃. The extreme maximum temperature in the suburbs of Turpan is 49.6℃ (measured at the airport on July 1975+03). It is rich in light and heat.

Grapes, melons and long-staple cotton are all famous products.

Silkworm rearing is also suitable for development. The basin is rich in oil and gas resources. The Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway runs through the basin.

The South Xinjiang Railway started in Turpan.

It has been opened to traffic in Korla.

Turpan basin is an intermountain basin in the East Tianshan Mountains.

Located at the eastern end of Tianshan Mountain, "Turpan" means "lowland" in German. This is a typical graben basin.

It is also the place with the lowest terrain and the highest temperature in summer in China. Most of the ground is 500 meters below sea level.

Some places are below sea level. The basin is surrounded by mountains.

Bogda Mountain in the north and Kalou Mountain in the west form a section.

The heights are all between 3500 and 4000 meters, of which Bogda Peak is 54 meters above sea level, and Jueluotag Mountain is in the south.

Generally, it is below 1 500m, while the water level of the lowest Aiding Lake at the southern foot of the basin is below1m..

This is the lowest depression in the country. If it is surrounded by the surrounding ridge line,

The area is 50 140 square kilometers.

Among them, the area below sea level is 4050 square kilometers.

Lake Aiding at the bottom of the basin is below sea level 155 meters.

It is the lowest place in Chinese mainland.

The basin is surrounded by mountains.

The highest Bogda peak is covered with snow all year round.

Turpan basin belongs to continental desert climate.

Drought and heat

The annual precipitation is about 16mm.

Evaporation is as high as 3000 mm.

The highest temperature recorded in summer is 49.6℃

The average maximum temperature from June to August is above 38℃. Sand surface temperature at noon

Up to 82.3℃

Therefore, it has been called "Huoshao Island" since ancient times. The sunshine time is long.

About 3200 hours a year.

The frost-free period is about 2 10 days. Due to the low pressure in the basin.

Intake air inflow

It is also a famous "Wind Bank" in China. Spring rain from Dabancheng

Up to 50 meters per second

The gale in the seven corners well.

Blow down the car.

The basin is rich in groundwater resources.

Its water source is mainly the melting water of Tianshan snow and ice, which is infiltrating into the basin through the underground coarse gravel layer.

Be cut off by the flaming mountain

The valley gushed from the ground in the mountain.

Into a river. The countryside on both sides of the river is green.

Beautiful scenery

Rich in fruit

The most famous fruit varieties are seedless white grapes and cantaloupe. Grape Valley, located in the northeast of Turpan 10 km, has a long-standing reputation. It is seven kilometers long.

It is about 2 kilometers wide.

Cross the mountain surrounded by fire

East-west mountain confrontation

The spring in the ditch flows happily.

Fruit trees are clustered

Refreshing and pleasant. Rows of towering poplars are lush.

Grape stands covered with ditches and slopes are layered on top of each other.

A bunch of grapes are green as jade.

Shining with gold, dazzling

Known as "the green pearl of China".

Since the Western Han Dynasty

Basin is one of the political, economic and cultural centers in northwest China.

When the traffic is heavy again.

Turpan has a large number of cultural relics, such as Gaochang Ancient City, Jiaohe Ancient City, Baizixi Thousand Buddha Cave, Shengjinkou Temple Site, Yarhu Grottoes and Sugong Pagoda. Tuyugou Grottoes in Shanshan; There are natural scenery such as Flame Mountain, Aiding Lake and Karez. Drought and sandstorm are the main disasters.

Since the 1980s.

By building shelterbelts and strengthening irrigation management

The sandstorm has been initially controlled.

The ecological environment has been improved.

Environmental conditions in Turpan basin

Turpan Basin is surrounded by mountains, located near (90° e, 43° n), and the Bogda Mountain in the north and the Kalaoshai Ba Dou in the west are 3500-4000m. Among them, Bogda Peak is 5445 meters above sea level. Jueluotag Mountain in the south is generally below1500m. However, the water level of Aiding Lake at the southern foot of the basin is lower than sea level 154m, which is the lowest depression in China.

If the surrounding ridge line is taken as the boundary, the area is 50 140 square kilometers, of which the area below sea level is 4050 square kilometers, and the Aiding Lake depression is 154 meters above sea level, which is the lowest place in Chinese mainland, surrounded by mountains at the edge of the basin, and the highest Bogda peak is covered with snow all year round.

The elevation of the central part of the basin is about 4,000 square kilometers, the surface of Aiding Lake is-154 meters, and the bottom of the lake is-16 1 meter. There are two east-west low mountains in the middle of the basin, and the northern flaming mountain is below 900 meters; Jueluotag Mountain in the south, about1000 ~1500m; There is an oasis between them.

Flaming Mountain takes this as the alluvial fan at the southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, which is a gravel Gobi with rich groundwater, so Karejing (underground diversion channel) began to take water from it. Rainfall is scarce in the basin, with the average annual rainfall of 16.4 mm in Turpan, 6.9 mm in Toksun and 300-400 mm in the northern mountainous area. There is snow on the top of the mountain, which is the main irrigation water source in the basin. Therefore, the three main oases in the basin (Turpan, Shanshan and Toksun) are located in the north of the middle near the water source.

In order to improve water use efficiency, most irrigation methods are karez. The basin is rich in light and heat resources, with annual sunshine of more than 3000 hours, greater than or equal to 10℃, and annual accumulated temperature of about 5000℃. It is hot in summer, and the average temperature in June-August is above 38℃.

The extreme maximum temperature in the suburbs of Turpan is 49.6℃ (measured at Turpan Airport in July 1975). Rich in light and heat, grapes, melons and long-staple cotton are famous products, and sericulture should also be developed. The basin is rich in oil and gas resources. Lanzhou (State) New (Xinjiang) Railway runs through the river basin, and the South Xinjiang Railway starts from Turpan and has been opened to Korla. (fortune telling)

History of Turpan Basin

Since the Western Han Dynasty, Turpan Basin has been one of the political, economic and cultural centers in the northwest of China, and it is also a transportation hub with a large number of cultural relics. Such as Gaochang Ancient Town, Jiaohe Ancient Town, Baizixi Thousand Buddha Cave, Shengjinkou Temple Site, Yarhu Grottoes and Sugong Pagoda in Turpan; Tuyugou Grottoes in Shanshan; There are also natural scenery such as Flame Mountain, Aiding Lake and Karez. Drought and sandstorm are the main disasters. Since 1980s, sandstorms have been initially controlled and the ecological environment has been improved by building shelter forests and strengthening irrigation management.

Unique karez: The unique natural conditions in Turpan force the industrious and intelligent people living here to adopt a unique irrigation method-karez to utilize and transform nature. Snow peaks and glaciers on the Tianshan Mountains contain endless water resources. However, when it melts into a river and rushes down the valley, it enters the gravel area in the Gobi desert in front of the mountain. Due to the evaporation of the scorching sun and the surface leakage, only a small amount of water reaches the downstream oasis. Karez is a way to pump the phreatic water that seeps into the ground for irrigation through underground water diversion. It is mainly composed of open channels, culverts and shafts.

There are more than 0/000 karez/kloc in Turpan basin, with a total length of more than 3000 kilometers. It is one of the water conservancy projects in China.