Ask for an ancient novel, a mirror of Gu Yan's forbidden flowers and enchantments?

Jing Hua Yuan is a novel by Li Ruzhen, a scholar in Qing Dynasty. The first half of the novel tells the story of Tang Ao, Duo Jiugong and others who traveled overseas by boat, including their experiences and history in countries such as daughter country, scholar country and intestine-less country. The second half tells the story of Wu Zetian's selection of talented women in the imperial examination, Tang Xiaoshan, born of Baihua Fairy, and hundreds of talented women born of other flower fairies, who made a difference in the DPRK. His magical and humorous creative technique is a classic, and a colorful picture of the sky wheel is beautifully outlined. [ 1]

Jing Hua Yuan is also a novel about women's issues. [2]

Name of the work

Jinghua yuan

Foreign name

Marriage of flowers in the mirror

author

Ruzhen Li

Year of creation

During Jiaqing and Daoguang years of Qing Dynasty

Literary genre

long novel

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Xs written by Li Ruzhen at the edge of the mirror.

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Catalogue of works, appreciation of people and works, introduction of authors, derivative works.

Content outline?

At the beginning of the novel "Flowers in the Mirror", when the Queen Mother's birthday party was written, Fairy Baihua offended Fairy Chang 'e and swore to her that if all the flowers were released when they should not be released, they would voluntarily fall into the mortal world and suffer for life. [3] The fox behind the heart was sent down to earth by the Jade Emperor. When she left, Chang 'e told her that it was time to let a hundred flowers blossom to show her fame. [4] Therefore, Xinyue Fox was reincarnated as the daughter of the Wu family, and was later called into the palace by Emperor Taizong. When Wu Zetian abolished the Tang Dynasty and changed it to Zhou Dynasty, one day, it was snowing heavily. Unfortunately, the flower fairy went out to travel, and the flower gods were unable to ask for instructions, and they dared not disobey the purpose, so they had to blossom, so they broke the dogma and were illegal ([hé], exposing the crime) as "showing off their beauty untimely and flattering their former masters, causing the time sequence to be reversed." Therefore, the Jade Emperor demoted the Baihua Fairy to the world. [5]

Originally named Tang Xiaoshan, Baihua Fairy is the daughter of scholar Tang Ao. Tang Ao went to Beijing to catch the exam and found flowers in it. At this time, Xu Jingye rose up against Wu Zetian, and a traitor framed Tang Ao, saying that he and Xu Jingye became sworn brothers, so he was deprived of fame and reduced to a scholar. Tang Ao was frustrated in his official career, so he went to sea for business and tourism with his wife and brother Lin Zhiyang. [6]

Jinghua yuan

Passing through more than 30 countries, I have seen all kinds of strange things and customs such as Blackpool, Republic of China, Shu's, Two-faced Country, Dog Seal, and the reincarnation of the 12 th Hua Xian. Tang Ao not only rescued the wandering "Twelve Flowers" for the second time, but also fed on fairy foreign bodies such as Tiaocao and Zhu Cao one after another, which made him carry a heavy load and leap high, and also strengthened his idea of being born and out of the dust. [7]

His daughter, Tang Xiaoshan, missed her father very much and forced Lin Zhiyang to take her to the seaside to find her father and travel around fairyland. [8] She came to Xiaopenglai and got a letter from the woodcutter's father, asking her to change her name to "boudoir" and take the examination for talented women. Father and daughter will meet again after the exam. [9] Tang Xiaoshan was renamed Tang Guichen and returned to China to take the exam. As a talented woman, Wu Zetian took the exam and admitted 100 people, just like crying at the Hong Ting stone tablet. The talented women gathered at the "Red Literature Banquet" to show their talents, playing chess, painting and calligraphy, counting medicine, solve riddles on the lanterns and drinking heavily. Everyone talked about art and broke up happily. [9]

Tang went to Xiao Penglai Mountain to find his father and never came back. At this point, the descendants of Luo and others rose up against the Zhou Dynasty, broke through the four levels of wine, color, wealth and gas outside Chang 'an and won the restoration of Zhongzong. Wu Zetian is still honored as "the Great Sage Emperor". She wrote to the imperial court, still offered gynecology, and ordered hundreds of talented women with criminal records to return to the "Red Banquet". [ 10]

Catalogue of works?

Back to 0 1

The female champion Beidou hangs down, and the old lady gives a banquet in Xichi.

Back to 5 1

Take the poor road, be filial, have no food, and live. Xiangu provides rice.

Go back to 02

It is natural for Huaxian to punish her sister Yue for helping Feng Kuang in time.

Back to 52

Talking about the splendid ceremony of the chest in the Spring and Autumn Period, spouting beads.

Back to 03

Xu Yinggong asked Luo Zhu, an uprising soldier, to write a book and send it to his good friend.

Back to 53

On the number of words in the former dynasty, the old history of books in the North and South runs through ancient and modern times

Back in 2004

Yin nuange gambles on wine, drinks and urges flowers in the garden.

Back to 54

Knowing wisdom, the white ape steals books, shows magical powers, and the red girl sends a message

Spread out completely

Character image?

leading part

Tang' ao

Quick-witted, fond of traveling, but not interested in scientific research, only became a scholar. His father's last words were that Tang Ao should at least be a member of the club. From then on, I began to work hard and finally got the opportunity to explore flowers, but I was still a scholar because I had sworn with Luo and others. He deliberately abandoned the world of mortals, so he went to sea with his daughter Tang Xiaoshan, his uncle Lin Zhiyang and his friend Duo Jiugong. They have experienced more than 40 countries and seen many exotic customs. In his spare time, Tang Ao taught his niece Lin Wanru to read poems and poems. He was kind and affectionate, and saved some reincarnated women along the way. In Yuan Sharing Country, he saved two mermaids caught by fishermen. In order to save Lin Zhiyang, he ventured to uncover the imperial decree of repairing rivers in his daughter's country. When he arrived at Xiaopenglai Mountain, Tang Ao was attracted by the wonderful fairyland in the mountain. He felt that his heart was exhausted and everything was empty. And because he ate the fairy grass, he finally entered the sacred world and never returned to the mountains. Daughter Hill came here to visit. He just wrote a letter to Hill through the woodcutter, asking her to change her name to boudoir, so that she could be together only after meeting a talented woman.

Lin Zhiyang

Kind and interesting image of a small businessman. Although he is a businessman, he never forgets justice for profit. He treats people sincerely and simply, and attaches great importance to friendship. My brother-in-law Tang Ao was humiliated and depressed. He wants to go swimming in the sea to relieve his depression. He readily agreed to Tang's request and refused to pay for the meal. He suggested using the money to buy some goods for overseas sales. Along the way, he played with Tang Ao's temper. Tang saved some reincarnated women, and he gave his full support without complaining. Lan Yin's illness can only be cured by going away from home. Lan Yin's father entrusted it to Tang Ao. In order to comfort the father and daughter, Lin Zhiyang also agreed for his brother-in-law. Lin Zhiyang was detained as a "concubine" by the king of his daughter country. He bound his feet and pierced his ears and knocked on the hanger, and suffered a lot. When he was isolated, he got the help of Crown Prince Yin Ruohua. After his release, Lin did not forget his kindness and rescued Ruohua girl who was framed by her stepmother. After going to Xiaopenglai Mountain, Tang Ao never returned to the mountain. Lin did not listen to everyone's dissuasion and looked for a month. It was not until he saw a seven-character quatrain written by brother in law on the stone tablet that he was willing to admit that Tang did become an immortal and had to return with tears. My niece Xiaoshan learned the truth and decided to go overseas to find her father. He also took Xiaoshan to sea. He was afraid of his niece's illness, so he was considerate to her and tried his best to relieve her anxiety about the hill. After the talented girl in the hill, he accompanied his niece to find relatives overseas for the second time. Lin Zhiyang is very straightforward. When Duojiugong cured the prince and princess of the tongue-confused country, the king sent someone to reward him with a sum of money. He advised the nine princes who refused: it is better to pay money than to learn stereotyped writing. When he sells goods, he always nails them, riveting them on and riveting them off, and there is no room for ambiguity. He knows that things are rare and precious, and his business style is vividly displayed. Even so, people don't hate him, but because he is humorous, they think this person is cute. He heard that people in the Republic of China laid eggs, so he wanted to buy some eggs and sell them to the troupe to make a fortune. It turned out that he recognized "Dan" as the word "egg" in the play, which made people laugh.

Duojiugong

He took part in the imperial examination when he was young. Although he is very learned, he failed to be admitted to the scholar. He gave up books and started sailing. Because he lost his capital, he made a living by showing boats to others. He is over eighty years old, but he is in good health and walks like a fly. I am used to traveling abroad for a long time. I am well-informed, know everything, and can cure many diseases. He cured the prince and princess in Qitongtu, but he was not greedy for money and refused to accept the reward from the king many times. In Black Pool, he judges people by their looks, but he doesn't look down on red and slim black women. He talked brazenly about studying, but he was humiliated by two more knowledgeable black women, so that he was afraid of being questioned again and was humiliated on the spot. When he saw the library, he was too frightened to admit that he was a scholar. But let bygones be bygones. The talented woman came to Beijing to take the exam, and he could take good care of Hong Hong and Tingting. Persuaded by Tang Ao, he published and engraved the prescription handed down from family to relieve people's pain. Hill went overseas to look for his father. At the invitation of Lin Zhiyang, he went to sea again regardless of his old age and infirmity. Duo Jiugong is a simple and kind worker. [ 12]

Tang Xiaoshan (Tang Guichen)

Ben is a hundred flowers fairy. Because Wu Zetian let flowers bloom in cold weather, she was condemned by heaven after flowering, and was banished to the world, becoming the daughter of scholar Tang Ao. She is beautiful and dignified, handsome, loves writing and dancing, has seen the world, and is known as a talented woman. His father, Tang Ao, came last in the imperial examination, seeking immortality. She forced her uncle to take her to the sea to find her father, and went through hardships to get her father's letter in Xiaopenglai Mountain. This letter made her change her name to boudoir number one.

When she was invited to meet talented women, she saw an inscription in Xianshan, engraved with the names of hundreds of flower gods and the ranking of talented women. She copied the inscription, went back to China to take an examination of gynecology, and just admitted 100 women, all of which were consistent with the inscription. The talented woman and the queen, after a few days of drinking and playing games, broke up happily. She also re-entered fairy mountain. [ 13]

Other roles

Twelve kinds of flower people

grade

(full name)

Previous years

0 1

Yin is like a flower.

Fairy peony

02

You Xiuying

Orchid fairy

Spread out completely

A hundred talented women

first

Datura fairy

The Historical Origin of "Bookworm"

Fifty-first session

Ribbon flower fairy

Hong Jinwen Bian Cai Yun

second

Yusi Ren Mei Flower Fairy

"Ten Thousand Households Worry" laments fragrance.

Fifty-second session

Siyurui flower fairy

"luminous wall" Lu Yao period

third place

Silk is like a flower fairy.

Ji Shenyu of Five-color Pen

No.53

Sibaxian flower fairy

Xu Qingfu Zuo Rongchun

Spread out completely

Twelve famous flowers

Twelfth talented woman

Silk peony fairy

The "female champion" is like a flower.

The 22nd talented woman.

Four-star flower fairy

"Little Taishi" Lu Zixuan

Thirty talented women

magnolia gradiflora

"Splendid Liver" Stuart Wool

Spread out completely

Appreciation of works?

Artistic feature

Mirror Flower Edge inherits some materials from overseas western classics and wild western classics in Shan Hai Jing. After the author's re-creation, with his rich imagination and humorous style, he created a novel with unique structure and novel conception by using exaggeration, metaphor and contrast. The book describes countries such as scholar country, daughter country, intestine-less country, dog-sealed country, Nie 'er country and Gu Xuanguo. These works are characterized by people's unique talents and learning skills, local customs, or local historical sites, which show the author's fantasy of expanding the ancients and his desire to discover different countries and people outside China. On the surface, the text of Mirror Flower Edge shows all kinds of illusory, romantic and quiet worlds, but in its depths, it has collided with the deep and sad universal consciousness supported by the great tension of love, persistence and death and doubt. This questioning of the basic problems of human existence is the most attractive part of this novel.

Through the description of dozens of countries in the Mirror Flower Garden, including positive comments and side satire, it is not difficult to see that it advocates and opposes the following points: First, it advocates gender equality. It requires women to learn from an early age and take the same exams as men. Oppose men's oppression of women, especially foot-binding and ear-piercing, and express anger and protest. Hu Shi praised: "This system is the general way to solve women's problems in Li Ruzhen." [2]

Chapters 11 and 12 of Jing Hua Yuan contain a large section of "scholar country" and put forward twelve social problems. Among them, Article 10 "Women's Foot-binding" and Article 11 "Fortune-telling for marriage":

I heard that there is a saying that women bind their feet. At the beginning of the entanglement, my daughter was in all kinds of pain, caressing her feet and wailing, and even her skin was rotten and bloody. At this time, I can't sleep at night and can't eat; All kinds of diseases are born from this. The boy thinks that this woman may be corrupt and her mother can't bear to die, so she is governed according to law. Who knew it was designed for beauty! If not, it is not beautiful! When the nose is big, it will become smaller, and when the forehead is high, it will become flat. People will be called disabled people. Why are both feet incomplete and difficult, but they are beautiful, that is, Xizi and Wang Qiang are peerless beauties, so why did you cut your feet in half at that time? What's the difference between this situation and prostitution? What saints do will be punished, and saints will not take it.

In the girl country in the book, I imagine a society centered on women. "Men wear dresses and, as women, manage their internal affairs; Women, like men, wear boots and hats and manage foreign affairs. " Whether dealing with political affairs or engaging in productive labor, women's intelligence is no different from that of men. Compared with the method of "changing places", it shows that many systems of "men are superior to women" in China society where the author lived at that time are unreasonable.

The author also described many "talented women", focusing on the talented women's life of intellectual women. Although there are definitely too many descriptions of "gifted scholars" in the book, it can be seen that the descriptions of "classical gifted scholars" combined with classics, medical divination, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting are orderly and abrupt changes. , can be regarded as an integral part of the work.

Second, oppose some superstitious systems, such as letting parents sleep for many years because of choosing geomantic omen, sending children to an empty door, letting three aunts and six grandmothers go in and out of the house, telling fortune, telling zodiac signs, telling fortune, getting married and so on.

Thirdly, culturally, he opposed stereotyped writing, looked down on the people in the imperial examination and sympathized with the scholars who had been down and out all their lives. It advocates that everyone should read and understand, learn from the past and learn from the present. It hopes to have a sub-subject examination such as "or general classics, or Ming history, or ci fu, or poetry, or strategy, or books, or music, or phonology, or criminal law, or calendar, or calligraphy and painting, or medical divination". The author expresses his social ideal with the country of scholars. The land of scholars is "the land of rites and music". There are four big characters written on the city gate: "Only goodness is treasure". "The Lord of the country has strict orders. If the subjects offer jewelry, they will not only burn it, but also demand punishment." People here give and take from each other.

In this way, the novel denies the hegemonic and corrupt feudal officialdom, denies the real society full of intrigue and intrigue, and ridicules those fake Confucian scholars who are beyond the golden jade and fail to get to Maicheng with spicy and humorous writing. The pretentious pedant in Bai Republic of China actually read the words "I am young, people are young" in Mencius as "cutting me, cutting people". Such an uneducated generation regards money as their life and tries their best to take advantage of the mercenary flow. "Shu" is covered with golden signs such as "being virtuous and upright", "being virtuous and Confucian" and "being clever and upright", and all kinds of people are wearing Confucian scarves and plain clothes. Their manners are gentle and full of "even people who care". However, they are haggard and stingy. After eating, they even put the leftover salt beans in their arms and even had a used bald tooth stick in their sleeves. The works reveal the sour taste of these fake sven through internal and external comparison, and the ugly satire of soldiers and men is incisively and vividly.

Fourth, in life, we advocate simplicity and thrift and oppose extravagance and waste. Oppose the exquisite daily diet and make it lazy. Oppose eating and drinking. Oppose the three dynasties, the full moon, the hundred days, and the first year of giving birth. Oppose the "extravagant wind" of "marriage, funeral and marriage, food, clothing, housing and transportation".

Fifth, in terms of social atmosphere, we should be sincere and oppose hypocrisy and hypocrites. It praises being aloof from the world, being courteous and courteous, and striving for the best. Oppose being too poor and loving the rich. It advocates being kind to others and making people "turn over a new leaf". It opposes litigation. It requires a thorough view of life and death and despises fame and fortune. It tries to laugh at those uneducated people who pretend to be full when they know there is nothing in their stomachs.

Sixth, oppose excessive exploitation. For example, the rich in a country without intestines "store the food handed down in their stomachs for the next meal" and are reluctant to let their servants try their best to have a full meal. They "eat before eating" again and again.

In a word, Li Ruzhen's ideal society is not a distant dream. Considering the reality of China for nearly a hundred years, some ideals have completely come true, some have come true to some extent, and some may come true after a certain period of time. It should be admitted that all Li Ruzhen's ideals are progressive to varying degrees, and they are all ideas of truth, goodness and beauty aimed at ugliness, torches that guide people to get rid of old cloth and new ones, and medicines that inspire people to forge ahead. [ 14]

The novel Jing Hua Yuan mainly uses several writing techniques such as exaggeration and contrast.

Exaggeration: In most satirical works, exaggeration-this kind of irony is loved by most writers and used by Li Ruzhen when expressing some satirical content. He deliberately exaggerates a certain figure or phenomenon that needs to be expressed, which makes the subjective assumed logic of comedy characters in his works incompatible with the normal logic in real life, thus producing a unique effect and deepening the satirical content that the author wants to express. In this work, exaggeration is used properly.

The fourteenth time in the book, the group came to a country without intestines, and Duojiugong introduced the characteristics of this country to Tang and others. People here "eat whatever they eat, but they don't stay in their stomachs, but eat it and pass it on", while people who want to get rich "pass it on to their stomachs because of what they eat". Although the name is dung, it didn't stay in their stomachs and it didn't stink, so they still kept it well for the next meal. "However, this is the case. Those families who want to get rich are still not enough. Not only do they not let their servants and maids have enough to eat, but they also "eat shit three or four times, then eat it again, and then make a scene." Don't argue about rice and dung, it will start a new stove. " [1]35 Such an exaggerated description makes readers laugh and see the ugly faces of those rich people who are unkind and mean. They ignore human life for their own benefit, which is not only the author's intentional exaggeration, but also a true portrayal of the real world.

Comic technique: The work "Flower in the Mirror" depicts a fantastic world with a strong romantic color. However, the author's description of the human feelings of overseas countries in the book is not arbitrary, but based on its implied meaning, it is carefully outlined by cartoon. As we all know, when cartoons satirize some people or things, the effect is often much stronger than that of direct narration with language. It was Li Ruzhen who grasped this point, slightly exaggerated and distorted the line drawing technique, and outlined the main features of a country, which made people feel ridiculous and realized the true meaning.

Contrast technique: Li Ruzhen satirizes the imperial examination system by contrast technique, and reveals the spiritual poison of the feudal imperial examination system by comparing different characters and the same character. In contrast, he further satirized those fake literati who put on airs and had no ink in their chests, and exposed their ugly inner spiritual world. [ 15]

literary criticism

Although Li Ruzhen is a progressive thinker and writer, he still can't completely get rid of the fetters of the old consciousness. Because of the limitation of the times, or because of the stale feudal consciousness, there are still some backward ideas in Li Ruzhen. When he put forward his own opinions and criticisms, many places were pedantic and incomplete, and even tried to replace reform with retro.

First of all, the author has a tradition of thinking. He thinks that the "lower class" has no knowledge and is not responsible for all bad customs. Scholars, especially the "gentlemen" among scholars, should take the lead in correcting these unhealthy trends (this view was particularly reflected in Wu Yu's twelfth conversation). So some of the phenomena reflected in the book were mostly middle-class society at that time. Especially in the description of countries at home and abroad, there is no place that does not deny that the battle for the monarch embodies the orthodox concept of maintaining the Tang Dynasty. Promote the concept of women's day in describing the intention of Wuhou; When writing about street pedestrians in Blackpool, men and women branch around, which shows that men and women have different ideas. Write 100 or so talented women, no one is a person with a desire for love. Among them, if all the parents are married, no one can fall in love and get married freely. Li Ruzhen regards free love as a street evil. He even spread the wrong idea of discriminating against women that "only women are difficult to raise" to a certain extent. When describing two kinds of people in Ren Jing Country, one is a deceitful and abnormal villain, and the other is a man who spins silk and a delicate woman.

Secondly, the author encourages superstition to some extent. After criticizing the superstitious behavior of geomantic omen in funeral, he also preached the lesson of the Six Benevolent Gods through the mouth of a talented woman. When he criticized the slaughter of cattle, although there was no lack of correct views, he also had superstitious causal thoughts. In particular, while describing a beautiful ideal country, he made the protagonist Tang Ao abandon the reality and go to the road of escaping from the world, which reflected his ambivalence of entering the WTO and avoiding the world.

Finally, in order to show the versatility of many talented women, the book makes talented women talk about classics, history, phonology and literature. The overflow of knowledge and knowledge in novels has become the biggest drawback. A Dream of Red Mansions also talks about poetry and painting, saying that music theory talks about pulse conditions and even prescriptions, but it gives readers a completely different feeling from the Mirror Flower Garden. The knowledge and knowledge in The Mirror Flower Garden can not only solve people's sleeping demons, but also make people feel that the author shows off his knowledge and knowledge through the mouth of characters, and it is boring, which makes people unable to read and sleepy. Moreover, this knowledge can only explain a talented woman's knowledge and expertise, reflect her views on social contradictions, and has nothing to do with the personality characteristics of the characters. This knowledge covered the plot of the characters, drowned the characteristics of the novel, and formed a grocery store selling all kinds of knowledge.

Famous comments

Hu Shi: What Li Ruzhen saw was the female problem that had been neglected for thousands of years. He was the first person in China to put forward this women's issue, and his "Flowers in the Mirror" is a novel to discuss women's issues. His answer to this question is that men and women should receive equal treatment, equal education and equal electoral system.

First of all, I should point out that Li Ruzhen is a person who cares about social problems. The poem Jing Hua Yuan is a bit like Swift's Overseas Hints and Records of Channels (translated into Gulliver's Travels today), in order to criticize China's social bad habits through some imaginary "overseas anecdotes".

For these two sectors, they are both important parts of women's issues; We can already see Li See's enthusiasm for women's issues here ... If Li Ruzhen's exposition on women's issues is as dry and lonely as The Country of Scholars, it can't be regarded as a writer. "Hu Shi believes that the most wonderful part of" Jing Hua Yuan "is this part of the girl country. The purpose of this paragraph is only to "describe the unequal, cruel and inhuman treatment of women with literary techniques and humorous taste." Even said: This girl country is an ideal utopia for Li Ruzhen to vent her anger on women all over the world. [ 16]

Lu Xun: On art, talking about classics through several classics, one can't help himself. [ 17]

About the author?

Li Ruzhen (1763- 1830), a novelist in Qing dynasty, was born in Haizhou, Jiangsu (now Lianyungang). When I was a teenager, I studied ancient etiquette, music, calendar and territorial evolution with Ling Tingkan (about1755-1809), and Li Ruzhen was particularly interested in territorial evolution. Li Ruzhen's disdain for stereotyped writing led to his lifelong failure. The biggest official is Xian Cheng of Henan Province, but he is knowledgeable and proficient in phonology. When I was a teenager, there was a book "Shi Liyin's Jane". He was born honest and frank all his life. He is neither strong nor good at finding a job, and has never had a decent office. After middle age, he felt hopeless to find an official, so he devoted himself to study. From 1795 to 18 15, it took 20 years to write the book Jing Hua Yuan. [ 18]

Derivative works?

novel

Flower Qinshan: Flowers in the mirror, a total of four volumes and forty times. [ 19]

Li stressed: the sequel to "Jing Hua Yuan".

Chinese opera

1923, Mei Lanfang, a master of Peking Opera, adapted the thirteenth time of "The Beauty in the Mirror Flower Edge" into a Peking Opera, and named it Lian Jinfeng. Since then, Peking Opera "Lian Jinfeng" has become one of the representative plays of Mei School. [20]

Pingshu

Tian Lianyuan, a storytelling performance artist, adapted "The Flower in the Mirror" into a storytelling for 30 times. [2 1]

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reference data

[1] Li Ruzhen. Jinghua Garden. Beijing: People's Literature Publishing House. 1955-04-0 1: 00 1-002.

[2] Hu Shi's interpretation of "women's rights" in "Mirror Flower Edge". Light. Com 2009-03-07[ reference date: 20 16-07-28]

[3] Beidou, the first female champion of Mirror Flower Edge, listened to politics, and the old lady gave a banquet in Xichi. Navigation of Chinese Studies [citation date: 20 14-06-2 1]

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