What is the history of Taishan dialect?

Taishan dialect belongs to the Siyi dialect of Cantonese and is the representative language of Siyi dialect.

In some contexts, Taishan dialect is synonymous with Siyi dialect.

Taishan dialect (Siyi dialect) is mainly distributed in Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping and Enping counties (cities) in Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province, and Chinese mainland (formerly Siyi, renamed Wuyi after Heshan joined), as well as in Jiangmen City and parts of Heshan and Chinese communities outside the mainland (especially in North America).

Jiangmen city speaks vernacular, which has many pronunciation characteristics of Wuyi dialect.

Edit this Jiangmen introduction

Generally speaking, Taishan dialect and vernacular are circulated in Wuyi, Jiangmen.

Taishan is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, with overseas Chinese in Taishan10.3 million and a local population of 983,000.

Famous artists, such as The Transcendental Ka Kui Wong Brothers and Danny Chan.

language feature

[1] Taishan dialect (Siyi dialect) is one of the most distinctive dialects in Cantonese, which is obviously different from Guangzhou dialect.

The difference is not only in pronunciation, but also in vocabulary.

hue

Taishan dialect contains nine tones, which refer to Cantonese tones as/Yinqu (clothing/meaning), Yinshang (leaning), Yangping (shifting), Yangshang (taking), Yangqu (changing), (hundred), Yinjin (north), Low (abundant) and Laijin (white).

When the fifth scale method is adopted, the tone values of these tones are 33, 55, 1 1, 2 1, 32, 33, 55, 2 1, 32 respectively.

Compared with Cantonese, the tone value has changed, and the tone level and tone go are merged, while the low-yang tone that was originally merged into the middle tone remains independent.

Edit this paragraph tone sandhi

In addition, there are tone sandhi in Taishan dialect, which mainly includes three situations:

Tone sandhi

Finally, the pitch value of a word is raised to the highest.

All tones can rise and fall except rising and entering Yin.

In addition to entering tone, there are four tones with rising tone sandhi, and the actual pronunciation has increased by four modes:

33->； 35 such as: student 33 certificate->; Student 35[3]

1 1->； 15, such as: money11->; Salary 15[4]

2 1->； 2 15, such as this21(this)->; 2 15 (here) [5]

32->； 325 such as: 32 means->; Speech 325

When entering tone sandhi, an e55 syllable will be added at the end of the original word.

Even sometimes the tone sandhi of non-entering words can lengthen an e55 with the same meaning.

For example, 2 1+55 = 2 15.

This tone sandhi is widely used in noun endings (including monosyllabic words).

Scholar Deng Jun believes that it is equivalent to the "Hua Er" phenomenon that represents modern Chinese.

Because the word e55 is sometimes used as an auxiliary word after a verb, its form is similar to that of tone sandhi, and it is also similar to the phenomenon of being simplified to tone sandhi, so it needs to be discriminated.

For example: Learn from me = Learn from me. If you read quickly, you will become 35 me.

This situation is different from the tone sandhi of nouns because of its grammatical meaning.

Whether there is a relationship between two similar tone sandhi is still inconclusive.

Gaoping tone sandhi

According to whether the original pronunciation enters the tone or not, the tone of a word is changed to overcast or overcast, and the value is adjusted to 55.

When used in some words, it is often because the tone value of 33 in Taishan dialect corresponds to the tone value of 55 in Cantonese, so it follows the tone in some words.

For example, the words after "Gao" (above) have the same tone as Cantonese.

In addition, this tone sandhi is also common in Cantonese.

Low falling tone sandhi

According to whether the original pronunciation enters the tone, the tone of the word is changed to rising tone or falling tone, and the tone value is 2 1.

Features are as follows:

It can be used to escape existing words, such as the sinus word used in the meanings of "nest" and "hole" or as a quantifier and linked with light tone. The normal tone value of other meanings is 32.

Sometimes the meaning of tone sandhi words is completely unchanged, but different collocations have different pronunciations.

For example, the word "octopus 1 1" does not change tone, while the word "cuttlefish 2 1" changes tone.

Tone words can appear at the beginning of words.

For example: mu32->; Mu2 1 head

After the tone sandhi is lowered, the tone sandhi can be raised again, such as "buy fish 2 15".

In addition, there are some scattered tone sandhi phenomena.

At present, the study of tone sandhi in Taishan dialect is still in the inductive stage, and when to use which tone sandhi has not been clearly summarized.

Taishan dialect has changed the words with the initial t (such as da) into zero initials, so there are a large number of words with zero initials.

When these words follow a nasal syllable, they will be connected into a syllable.

There are some similar sound changes.

In addition, some words are often pronounced in different ways, and some words follow or imitate Cantonese pronunciation instead of local pronunciation.

Edit the grammar of this paragraph.

A prominent grammatical feature of Taishan dialect is the expression of singular and plural personal pronouns.

Different from representing Cantonese and modern Chinese, it is expressed by internal inflections such as tone sandhi. Instead of using suffixes to distinguish (Cantonese "Miao" stands for Chinese "male").

In addition, "this" and "here" in demonstrative pronouns, as well as "you" and "that" and "where" are also distinguished by inflections [6].

Personal pronoun: I **i33 (single)-> I **i2 1 (reply); You ni33 (single)-> Uni εk2 1 (complex number); Hey k'ui33 (single)-> He k'iεk2 1 (complex number); There is also a pronoun of "unspecified third person", which is equivalent to "others" or "others": niεk55, which can be used alone or form "human happiness" with the same meaning, without singular or plural.

Note that except for the tone, the pronunciation is the same as the plural "you", but the meaning is completely different.

Demonstrative pronoun: this k' * I 21= this-> K'*i2 15= here; nen 2 1 = that-& gt； Nen2 15= there

Interrogative pronoun: which nai 21= that-> nai 215 = there.

In terms of adjective reduplication, Taishan dialect can reduplicate two words, one of which rises in tone sandhi to indicate the degree.

Generally, the tone sandhi of the first word is strengthened, and the tone sandhi of the second word is weakened.

For example, "red" can mean "very red" (red 15 red 1 1) or "a little red" (red1red 15), depending on which word has tone sandhi.

Douzi is a unique quantifier in Taishan dialect, and both Cantonese and representative Chinese are "trees".

Cantonese quantifier "po" is divided into two parts. Nai (nai55) and nit55 (nit 55) have different degrees. The former means more quantity than the latter. As for podo, it becomes nit55du35.

Syntactically, most of them are the same as Cantonese, but the following sentence patterns are unique to Taishan dialect:

I can't hear a word.

I can't hear a word.

Edit the vocabulary of this paragraph.

The following are some unique words and idioms in Taishan dialect:

Beating violence: the first time

Method: One stroke, French words are pronounced in the sun (2 1).

Better than a mouse biting a cat's nose: as the saying goes, it is extremely dangerous.

An axe is not as big as a handle: as the saying goes, it costs more to describe the secondary part of something than the main part.

Three paparazzi spend the night: as the saying goes, it is a metaphor for doing things slowly.

Be a good person with a good person and learn to worship God with a midwife: a midwife is a woman who helps others or an equal woman who looks at fortune-telling.

Nanbi always meets dogs-a symbol of no essence: two-part allegorical saying, Nanbi always refers to a Taoist or monk who specializes in doing things for people; No refined word = no way, there is no Hao word in Cantonese, but there is a pun in this refined word.

Never seen a big snake, a raw chicken leaks eggs-rare and strange: two-part allegorical saying, a raw chicken refers to a rooster that has never been * * *.

Beggars (now) and arrivals (where)

Edit this paragraph to represent languages and dialects.

Taishan dialect (Siyi dialect) takes Taishan town as the center, and the more it deviates from this center, the closer it is to Cantonese-Cantonese dialect (Guangzhou dialect).

So the words of Heshan and Jiangmen are closer to Guangzhou dialect.

The representative language of Taishan dialect is Duan Fenhua, and the difference between pronunciation and vernacular is greater than other Taishan dialects.

Trivia: Sun Moon Lake

In Taishan dialect, the words "day" and "month" are easily confused, but they are not on the same sound, and even the difference is not very small.

However, due to the differences in local dialects, the pronunciation of Zi Yue in Kaiping Chikan dialect is the same as that of Japanese characters in Taishan dialect.

Unfortunately, many people in Kaiping speak these two accents.

Therefore, the word "three months" is often confused with "three days" because it is omitted when reading continuously.

In this case, please find out if there is a "one" in the middle, because "three days" is not grammatical.

This is a pool that beginners may encounter (which means a trap here), so it is named Sun Moon Lake.

To annotate ...

1. The entering tone of Taishan dialect, like that of other places, has three endings-p, -t and-k.

2. The actual pronunciation is equivalent to the accent of Cantonese.

3. The actual pronunciation is similar to Cantonese rising tone, that is, the Cantonese tone of Qian Zi in this case.

The actual pronunciation is similar to Chinese.

5. Due to the great differences in Taishan dialect, the pronunciations listed here are for reference only.

Take personal pronouns for example, the differences in different places are very obvious.

But the basic laws are the same, and the way of fastening is basically the same.

supplement

Taishan dialect is a little different from Enping dialect and Kaiping dialect in tone, and the pronunciation in different areas of Taishan is also very different. In some areas of Taishan, such as the Dalongdong reservoir area, there are people who speak Hakka.

Hakka dialect spoken in Chixi Town, Taishan belongs to Chixi piece of Hakka dialect.