Can a monument be erected on the grave? Where does the basis come from?

Grave tablet is a part of folk funeral culture. Whether it can be erected is due to both historical reasons and the emphasis on folk culture, and different customs and habits have been formed in various places. Some people can erect a monument, while others don't. Some places can erect monuments, while others can't.

According to historical records, in the history of our country, the monument was erected in the Han Dynasty. At that time, only literati, that is, people with status, could erect a monument after death, but ordinary people could not. In that Tang dynasty, with a more open and inclusive attitude, the people began to erect monuments. At that time, the upper level adopted a tacit attitude. Since then, it is also possible to set up tombs with people's surnames, but only for the rich, and the poor generally have few monuments. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was common for the people to erect monuments, especially in the Qing Dynasty.

Judging from the existing old tombstones among the people, there are not many tombstones erected by the people in the Ming Dynasty, but there are still some. After Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, the existing old tombstones became more common and the number was the largest, especially in Xianfeng, Daoguang, Tongzhi and Guangxu years. During the Republic of China, the number of grave monuments was not large, which may be related to social unrest and poor people's physical weakness. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, the construction of monuments reached its peak again. Many tombs that were not erected during the Republic of China were erected as long as Feng Shui allowed, not to mention new tombs.

The custom of whether to erect a monument to the dead depends on whether the people can erect a monument to the dead. There are not too many restrictions. They are all based on local customs and habits, and relatives of the deceased generally decide for themselves.

After the death of a minor, it is generally considered inappropriate and unnecessary to erect a monument. As an adult, no matter whether there are descendants or not, as long as people can enter the ancestral grave (there are some local customs, as long as they don't die suddenly as adults, they can enter the ancestral grave at home), whether or not to erect a monument is decided by their relatives according to the specific circumstances. There are also monuments in the existing old graves. In those days, they were all rich families, and they all erected monuments in the name of nephews. Some unmarried deceased, their relatives also arranged wives for him, calling his wife "Fu's". There is a "Fu's" tombstone on the tablet, and he never married before his death. Generally, poor families will not erect a monument, mainly because it will cost a lot of money. They are willing to erect a monument, but there is nothing they can do. Its graves are scrawled, let alone erected monuments. In some places, people who die suddenly outside can't erect a monument, but in most places, as long as there are descendants, although they can't enter the ancestral grave, their descendants can also erect a monument for their graves, because the monument itself is a symbol of the grave owner. There is also a kind of person who died for the public interest of the local or family, even if it is a sudden death, there is no afterlife, so a monument must be erected to express praise and commemoration. Today's heroes have inherited this ancient tradition, and they all want to erect monuments.

Whether the monument can be erected is very special. Since ancient times, both the imperial court and the people have believed in Feng Shui. For example, during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the court was afraid that the local "Dragon Cave" was good, and suddenly there were suitable people competing with the court for seats. In order to maintain its family rule, the royal family specially invited Mr. Feng Shui to visit the "Dragon Cave and Dragon Spirit" of Feng Shui all over the country. If you find the "dragon cave", destroy it and cut off the vein to avoid future trouble. Some local chronicles and privately written historical books have such records. Such as Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places, many places have nicknames of "Duanlong 'ao", and its source lies here, and there are also many folklore in this respect. This superstitious behavior of the royal family naturally affected the folk belief in Feng Shui.

In the old days, Feng Shui described all kinds of landforms and mountains and rivers as figures, animals, or furniture and utensils, which were vivid. In this way, there are two situations in which there are no monuments.

One is that feng shui people's trust cannot stand a monument. Mainly because some places are considered as the key parts of animals or objects, which hinders the geomantic omen of the tomb after the monument is erected. For example, there is a kind of terrain called "yellow dog's den", which is a rare "geomantic treasure". It is a good place for a mountain to sleep like a yellow dog crouching in its den, such as a grave buried under the dog's chin, but this part cannot be erected. The reason is that the dog's chin will be propped up after the monument is erected, and the dog will run away after waking up, and the geomantic omen in this place will lose its spirituality. For another example, the place where the tomb is buried is a chair shape of a grand master. It is said that future generations are full of talented people, but it is impossible to erect a monument. Setting up a monument is equivalent to putting an upward nail on the bench. No one dares to sit, and the meaning of Feng Shui is lost. There are various versions of this.

In another case, in order to hide Feng Shui, there is no monument. Some people always think that their old people have been buried in a satisfactory "land of geomantic omen", others will be jealous, spoil the good geomantic omen in their cemeteries, and deliberately scribble the graves, pretending to be indifferent, let alone erect monuments. This kind of situation is intentional, deliberately not erecting a monument, and crossing the sea. In this case, there are many people among the people. What's more, Mr. Feng Shui deliberately mystifies the terrain of Feng Shui, and some people among the people are convinced.

In both cases, feng shui superstition is too heavy, and the grave is deliberately not erected. In fact, there is no scientific basis, but a traditional feudal superstition is at work and affects people's behavior.

A grave is a place to bury the dead, a grave is a grave, and a grave is a mound piled up in a cemetery. Monument is the time and place of birth and death of humble people carved on stones, and the monument erected by sons and grandchildren.

Can a monument be erected on the grave? What is the basis?

It was many years ago that people were buried in peace after death. At first, the tomb was not buried, but a sign was set up in front of it, engraved with the names of the deceased, including bamboo, copper and stone. It was popular in the Han Dynasty and was made by ordinary people. Royal family and country are at the level of forest, mausoleum, grave, grave and grave. Setting up a monument is one of the essential projects.

The house has a house number, people have an ID card, and the tombstone of the deceased is also the place of residence, so that future generations can know at a glance when their ancestors were born and where they died, which is also a witness of history. Throughout the ages, many people sacrificed their ancestors to the wrong place and could not find their ancestral graves. I won't list them one by one.

When did the monument appear in the spectrum?

Is it really a bit of an investigation to set up a monument? After death, people are busy with funerals. If one step is in place, you can set up a monument in Tomb-Sweeping Day, the memorial day of the deceased, the first day of October, and when it is cold, to set up a facade for the deceased. The person who set up the monument knows how to write the inscription, and can use the method of cadres to record the year. There are "descendants of Yin Fu" or "descendants of Enze" behind the monument.

Now it is a fixed-point burial, and tombs and monuments are indispensable. Setting up a monument is a kind of respect for the deceased, and the Chinese nation pays attention to etiquette and gratitude. Let generations remember their names. Heroes are like this, and so are ancestors. This is a kind of inheritance.

Generally, a monument can be erected on a grave! The main purpose of erecting a monument is to facilitate the search for a cemetery and facilitate sacrifice. But in ancient times, there were many people who paid attention to erecting monuments, and not all graves could be erected.

The name "monument" first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period. Originally, it refers to a vertical stone or pile without words, such as a sacrificial tablet, which is a stone pillar used to tie cattle, sheep and other livestock in front of the ancestral temple in sacrificial activities. There is also a kind of shadow tablet, which is used by the court to measure the time of the day according to the change of the shadow it casts in the sun.

Zheng Xuan of Han Dynasty is also recorded in Yili. Bride gift ":

By the Warring States period, the tablet had another use, that is, as a tool to lead the coffin to the grave at the funeral.

There is a saying in Zhou Li: "The public office regards it as a monument", that is to say, after the death of the members of the public office, that is, the children of the royal family, a wooden pillar is erected around the tomb with a pulley on it, and the coffin below is put in the hole for use.

This wooden pillar is a monument. It is made of a thick board in the shape of a stone tablet with a round hole at the upper end, which is called "penetration". A crossbar is placed between the two pillars, and a rope is wrapped around the wood, which can be used to put the rope, like a pulley.

When the princes and nobles in the pre-Qin dynasty were buried, because the tomb was deep, one end of the rope on the wooden tablet should be wound around the wheel and the other end should be tied to the coffin, so that the coffin could be put into the tomb smoothly. After the funeral, this kind of wooden tablet is often buried in the grave. So today's tombstones come from ancient "monuments" used to pull coffins for burial.

It is said that there are still such wooden pillars around the Qin cemetery excavated in Fengxiang, Shaanxi Province.

However, at that time, there were strict restrictions on the use of monuments. At first, only the emperor could use it, and later it developed to public officials and then to princes. For example, after Ji Kangzi's mother died, he persuaded Ji Kangzi to take the coffin with a tablet, and the result was ridiculed by others.

Of course, the form of the monument has also changed. At first, these tombstones were wordless. Around the end of the Western Han Dynasty, people used this ready-made pillar to engrave the name, origin and official position of the deceased, in order to express the commemoration of the deceased and recall the "merits" of the deceased. The memorial tombstone was formed from this and has been passed down to this day.

There are many things to pay attention to when setting up a monument, so in this process, it is best not to touch all kinds of taboos.

0 1 Can the deceased be commemorated?

Age of the deceased: Generally speaking, a monument can only be erected when the deceased is over 60 years old. If he is under 60, there is no need to erect a monument. Because the purpose of erecting a monument is to commemorate and let children worship. If you die before the age of 60, people will only think of regret and sorrow, so if the deceased is under the age of 60, it is best not to erect a monument.

For example, in our local area, people who die suddenly, die young and have no children can't erect a monument, but they can do so ten years later. There is no specific reason, everything is said. There is another situation, that is, parents have not erected a monument, or parents who are still alive cannot erect a monument.

But some people are another matter, such as heroes, martyrs and advanced figures. They are all people who have made contributions to the interests of the country and the people. Even if they die young, or have no descendants, we should erect a monument for them, because they are always worth remembering and praising, which is also the inheritance of national spirit and patriotic feelings.

Set up a monument instead of a single one: As the old saying goes, "A man should never leave his wife", that is, a husband and wife only need to set up a tombstone. After all, it is a beautiful thing to die in the same cave. A tomb corresponds to a monument, which is also a respect for the deceased.

But if one dies first and the other is still alive, don't set up a monument. If it has been established, it is best not to carve the name of the living person, or to paint the name of the living person with red paint.

Don't erect a monument before three years: because there was a "Ding You" system in ancient times, that is to say, children respected their deceased parents for at least three years. In these three years, children often go to the cemetery to worship according to customs, such as Tomb-Sweeping Day, Memorial Day, Ghost Festival and New Year's Eve every year.

But after three years, people basically only go once or twice a year, or don't go, so there is a saying that a monument will be built every three years. Of course, there is another reason, that is, when buried for three years, the soil is soft and the monument is easy to fall, but after three years, the soil is hard and the monument cannot fall.

Monuments should be built according to local customs.

Time of Monument Setting: Monuments for deceased relatives are usually set around Tomb-Sweeping Day, because adding soil, erecting monuments and planting trees before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day are taboo, which is why people concentrate on Tomb-Sweeping Day to deal with these matters.

Direction of the monument: the mountain direction of the monument should be consistent with the mountain direction of the acupuncture points in the cemetery. For example, the traditional northeast is a gate of hell, and there is generally no need to erect a monument.

Distance between the monument and the tomb: the distance between the monument and the tomb should not be too far or too close, generally between 9 inches and 6 feet at the acupuncture point, so the tombstone and the tomb should not touch at zero distance as far as possible.

Tombstone size: tombstone size should be appropriate, not too low, not too high. If the tomb is small and the tombstone is big, it is suspected of being top-heavy; If it is too small, it means it is not strong enough.

Tombstones are made of marble and white marble, but these stones are easily weathered. Now they have been replaced by granite series, which are delicate, bright and hard.

The inscription on the tombstone

The inscription is mainly composed of three parts: the head, the text and the title.

Check: It mainly describes the post and occupation of the deceased before his death, but in many cases it is omitted.

Text: It mainly states the appellation of the deceased and the name of the deceased by the grave builder, such as "Judge the tomb of the patriarch Wang Jun first".

Title: mainly state identity, name, life, etc. The owner of the grave. If you have political achievements and achievements, you should also carve an epitaph. Ordinary people with flat heads can't write without deeds.

After the monument is erected, relatives will kowtow, burn paper and set off firecrackers in front of the monument to show their respect, and then place wreaths of food, fruit and so on according to local traditional customs.

Conclusion:

It is entirely the behavior of every household to erect a monument to the deceased elders. Because the situation of each family is different, erecting a monument does not necessarily mean that all the children and grandchildren are filial, nor does it mean that this descendant is unfilial, so "not erecting a monument" has nothing to do with filial piety.

But for the closest relatives, the monument is not only a cold and hard stone, but also a spiritual sustenance to preserve the voice, appearance and good memories of the deceased. Through tombstones, we can keep these memories longer, and we can let that family continue to warm themselves.

Burial has always been practiced in our hometown. A few years ago, after my father died of cancer, we buried my father in our own field. Although the cemetery was built, the tombstone was delayed.

At that time, my father's funeral was organized by some elders in the family, and we all listened to their arrangements for burial. On the day of burial, there was no monument in front of my father's grave, and we young players became suspicious. The elders said that the master who erected the monument in the village was not at home, so we could not erect it for the time being. Let's wait. Although there is no tombstone, it does not affect our worship.

100 days later, we went to ask if we should put a tombstone on our father. After all, every farm in the countryside is next to each other, and my father's grave is alone in the field. If there is no tombstone, it looks like an ownerless "earthen bag" from a distance, which makes people sad and desolate.

But I didn't expect the elders (grandparents) at home still wouldn't let us set up a tombstone for our father. Under our repeated questioning, Grandpa Gu explained the real reason for not setting up a tombstone:

1, my father died of cancer, not normal natural death (old age). According to our local funeral custom, we can't set up a tombstone right away.

It costs 20,000 yuan to erect a tombstone. My father has just died, and the family's economic conditions temporarily prevent us from spending money to erect tombstones. Grandpa Gu said that in a few years, the master who set up tombstones in the village would not need money. Because if a family member has just died, a tombstone will be erected immediately, and it is easy for people to sit on the floor and start the price.

When my father died, my brother was not married, so if a tombstone is set up, there is no way to engrave the names of future generations on it. In our local custom, besides the name of the spouse, the tombstone should also be engraved with the names of the children and grandchildren, indicating that the children and grandchildren are older. Therefore, Grandpa Gu said that it was too monotonous to engrave his father's name on the tombstone, so he simply did not erect a monument. )

We set up a monument in the local area. In addition to the name of the deceased, the inscription needs to be engraved with the name of the spouse. The reason why I didn't erect a monument to my father was that I was worried that if I engraved my father's and mother's names, it would have a bad influence on my mother.

My father was only 57 years old when he died. According to the customs of our hometown, people under 60 years old can't stand a monument when they die. They need to be over 60.

According to historical records, the historical monuments in China originated in the Han Dynasty. At that time, only literati, that is to say, people with status (nobles and royalty) could be erected after their death, but ordinary people or some slaves were not allowed.

Later, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, folk customs and systems became more and more open, and the control of funeral became more and more relaxed, so the folk funeral customs became more and more tolerant and open. After death, ordinary people are also allowed to build graves and tombstones. But at that time, only wealthy tycoons built cemeteries, and tombstones were made of special stones. Poor families generally only use wood to erect monuments.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was common for the people to erect monuments, especially in the Qing Dynasty. After the founding of New China, especially after the reform and opening up, setting up tombstones became "popular" again. As long as feng shui allows, after the death of a loved one, the family will immediately set up a tombstone.

So it can be seen that the ancients were still very concerned about how to identify the tombs of their ancestors. At first, fiber paper or silk was tied to the stake in front of the tomb, and the name, date of birth and death and life story of the deceased were written, which was called "Mingjing". However, with the passage of time, paper inscriptions are exposed to the air every day, exposed to the wind and sun, and the handwriting on them will become more and more blurred and rotten, which will also affect the worship of future generations.

Slowly, people replaced the paper "tombstone" with other materials. The better the family condition, the better the tombstone material. In ancient times, rich aristocrats even used jade as tombstones, so setting up a tombstone for their ancestors can also reflect the strength and financial resources of a family, and it is also an important event to comfort the deceased, show future generations and worship their ancestors.

Generally speaking, a monument can be erected on a grave, but according to different funeral customs in different regions, the time for erecting a monument is different. In some customs, a monument can be erected when buried, or a tombstone can be erected at regular intervals.

Then, I consulted some friends in different places about whether a tombstone can be erected on a grave:

1. In the rural areas of Jiangxi: First of all, the size of the tombstone should be determined according to the scale and environment of the cemetery, neither too big nor too small, otherwise it will lead to the disharmony of the overall environment of the cemetery, which is very unlucky in some customs.

2. Rural Henan: Tombstones can only be erected after the death of the deceased in rural areas for three years. At the same time, only the name of the deceased can be written on the inscription, not the name of the sketcher. When a child under the age of 5 dies, he can only bury his grave, not erect a monument.

3. Rural Hubei: For cremation in Hubei Province, there is no need to set up a tombstone, just engrave the name of the deceased on the cemetery. For burial, the monument should be located in front of the grave, consistent with the underground coffin, and it will be pious and solemn when worshipping the ancestors. The distance between the tombstone and the grave is generally between 9 inches and 6 feet from the acupoint. At the same time, you can't choose grotesque corners for tombstones.

4. Rural Zhejiang: In rural areas, black or gray is the main color used to erect tombstones, because black and gray have a dignified and solemn feeling, and they are cool and cloudy, suitable for yin houses. Remember not to choose colored materials as tombstones, because there are many impurities in granite, and some stones will have colored slag, so if you choose granite, you can't use colored ones.

Now most cities are cremated. After death, people are sent directly to the crematorium, and the cremated ashes are directly enshrined in the cemetery. However, in some rural areas, the custom of burial remains. No matter what kind of funeral method is adopted, it is very common to erect monuments among the people. There are many things about setting up a monument, so in this process, it is best not to touch all kinds of taboos.

1. After the monument is erected, the name of the deceased is usually written on the inscription, which is taboo for the name of the sketcher. So in some places, if one spouse dies and the other doesn't, then the monument won't stand. Both sides are dead, and their names will be engraved on the inscription when the tomb is closed.

Most people can't erect a monument within three years after their death. There is a saying among the people called "mourning for three years". During the period of filial piety, ancestral graves can't be broken, and Tomb-Sweeping Day can't sweep graves and add soil. Therefore, it usually takes three years to erect a monument.

3. Children who died young, people who died in car accidents, and people who have no descendants can't set up a monument. However, there is a local saying that for those who have no descendants, if there are collateral descendants who are willing to worship in Tomb-Sweeping Day every year, a simple tombstone can be set up, and only their names and date of birth can be engraved on the tombstone.

4. Parents have not erected a monument, or parents who are still alive cannot erect a monument.

5. Monuments must be auspicious and cannot be erected casually. If a monument is erected to a deceased relative, 1 anniversary, 3rd anniversary and 5th anniversary are generally chosen to commemorate the death of a deceased relative. There are cycles before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, with 1 lunar month and 1 lunar month in a year, and the twelfth lunar month at the end of the year. The specific time should be chosen on an auspicious day, and don't have conflicts with the deceased who set up the monument, so as not to bring disadvantages to their loved ones and bury future troubles.

6. The mountain direction of the monument should be consistent with the mountain direction of the acupuncture points in the cemetery. For example, the traditional northeast side is the gate of hell, and there is generally no need to erect a monument.

7. Once the inscription is engraved, it can't be changed, so the text must be verified before the monument is erected, and there can be no typos.

8. After the monument is erected, it is best to put some offerings in front of the grave. Family members should also kowtow, burn paper and set off firecrackers in front of the monument to show their respect. In some places, the custom will also put some funeral supplies to show respect.

9. If the deceased is a young man, simply write the name and time on the inscription, and don't write anything else.

It is a very serious matter to erect a monument to the dead. If you are not sure about the monument, you must not blindly erect a monument to avoid unnecessary trouble. It is best to invite some experienced people to guide the operation.

In the past, there were many things to consider when being buried in a monument. Now, after cremation, many cemeteries usually bring a small tombstone after buying a cemetery, so it is allowed to erect a monument at the grave.

In fact, the purpose of erecting a monument is to facilitate future generations to remember their ancestors and mourn. Therefore, for the closest relatives, the monument is not only a cold and blunt stone, but also a spiritual sustenance, which preserves the voice, appearance and beautiful memories of the deceased. Through tombstones, we can keep these memories longer, and we can let that family continue to warm themselves.

Can a monument be erected on the grave? We are very particular here. Today, we don't talk about setting up monuments for heroes, model workers and celebrities who are highly respected and have made contributions to the country and the people. Their heroic deeds have long been engraved in people's hearts. Let's talk about the monument that children set up for their parents.

To erect a monument for parents, it must be after the third anniversary of their parents' death. Children will choose a certain day of the year, and in Tomb-Sweeping Day, or the Mid-Autumn Festival (July 15th of the lunar calendar) and the Cold Clothes Festival (October 1st of the lunar calendar), a stone tablet with parents' names, dates of birth and death, and the name of the person who erected the monument will be erected immediately, and firecrackers will be set off, offering sacrifices to heaven, land, incense and kowtow.

It is forbidden to break ground and erect monuments in leap month.

The time to erect the monument is in the morning, and after three minutes at noon, it is not allowed to break ground.

People who died young and suddenly in the past were not allowed to erect monuments or enter ancestral graves. Now it's all buried together and it's a mass grave. In order to facilitate the memorial service, a stone tablet was given to future generations, which can be seen at a glance.

In fact, the purpose of setting up a monument is to let future generations not forget their ancestors and set up a monument as evidence.

A monument can be built on (in front of) the grave.

The basis is as follows:

First, what is a monument?

This is an ancient tombstone. With the passage of time, this monument has been polished in various colors. However, it gives people a sense of intimacy.

The definition given to the monument in Shuo Wen Jie Zi is: "Vertical stone also." In other words, it is a big slate with a round hole at the top. Ancient people stood by the tomb when they held a funeral. Outside the gate of the ancestral temple, a slate was also set up to tie the sacrifice; In front of the house of princes and nobles, there is also this kind of standing stone to tie cattle and horses. It was like this before the Han dynasty, and its intention was very simple, just like its writing.

"Book of Rites Tan Gong" Note: "The stone tablet is made of (cut down) big wood, which looks like a stone tablet. It stands in front of and behind the coffin, with a deer in the middle and a thick rope wrapped around it. "

So three practical purposes came into being, which gradually became a tool to commemorate meritorious deeds. From the supreme emperor to the ordinary people, monuments should be built after death.

Second, the name of each part of the plaque.

The main part of the monument is the monument (stone pedestal) and the monument body. The tablet computer is the main part of the tablet computer. The main shapes are square and turtle. The square grate is a plane rectangle with slightly inclined sides, which is convenient for the smooth flow of rainwater. A well-made square should also be carved with patterns, animals and fairy tales. Turtle-shaped people are actually not turtles, but mussels.