The Mystery of Yong Zhengdi's Succession: Why is Yongzheng afraid that Kangxi will not die when he succeeds?

A person who believes in the fate of ghosts and gods, if he has done something wrong to his father and brother, will have ghosts in his heart. In daily life, entertainment and funeral, he should stay away from his father's undead. Although this is not direct evidence to seize the position, it can be regarded as circumstantial evidence if other evidence can be established. The TV series Yongzheng Dynasty, which once swept the country, described and praised Yong Zhengdi's historical achievements. Yongzheng is indeed an outstanding politician of Anbang. The TV series has launched a thrilling struggle around the abolition of the prince, the struggle for the throne, the punishment of corruption, and the use of soldiers in the northwest. I'm just here to talk about my personal views on Yongzheng's succession from the perspective of a historical researcher.

There have always been two opinions about Yongzheng's succession to the throne. One is that Yongzheng was the legitimate monarch who ascended the throne when Kangxi died; Another view is that Yongzheng succeeded to the throne by seizing power and usurping the throne. Meng Sen, Wang Zhonghan, Xu Zengzhong, Yang Zhen and other scholars have studied the latter theory of usurping power and provided more and more conclusive evidence.

In the winter of Kangxi 61, Emperor Kangxi "occasionally felt cold" after hunting in Jehol and Nanyuan, lived in Changchun Garden to rest, and ordered the emperor's four sons to perform the Winter Solstice Festival in the Temple of Heaven. 1 1 month 13, his condition deteriorated in the early morning and he died suddenly at night. It is said that the last words were inherited by Yin, the fourth son of the emperor. There seems to be no doubt that the official book is eloquent. But there were rumors in the society at that time that Yongzheng was usurping the throne. Earlier recorded in Fan Lu's sense of justice, which said:

"The first emperor wanted to inherit and allow unification. When the sacred bow was not ready, he made a decree calling for permission to come to Beijing. Its purpose was hidden by Roncodo. My late emperor's visit to heaven is not allowed. Longkodo sent a message to stand today. "

"The Emperor Saint-Zu originally said that 14 elder brothers allowed the world, and the emperor changed the word' ten' to the word' jade'." "The holy father emperor was seriously ill in Changchun Garden, and the emperor entered a bowl of ginseng chicken soup. I don't know what to do, the father emperor collapsed, the emperor ascended the throne, and he was sent back to prison. The queen mother wanted to see the promise, and the emperor was furious. The queen mother was killed on the iron pillar. "

The plot of Yongzheng's seizure of the throne here is bizarre and tortuous, which is quite different from the official records. On the one hand, we can't trust all the official documents, because they were written after Yongzheng acceded to the throne, and naturally there will be no traces of usurpation. On the other hand, you can't believe all the folk rumors, because most of them come from political enemies of Yongzheng. The mystery of Yongzheng's succession has become an eternal mystery. For example, it is impossible to rewrite the testament. Because of the writing format of the Qing Dynasty, it is impossible to write "fourteen sons of the emperor" and "four sons of the emperor" as Yin, and the first word "emperor" cannot be omitted. However, denying this folk rumor does not rule out Yongzheng's rectification and usurpation. There are indeed many doubts about Yongzheng's succession to the throne. This case-solving is confusing and controversial, and it has become an eternal mystery.

In his later years, Kangxi was suspended for ten years because of the abolition of the Crown Prince and the harassment of the DPRK. But Kangxi seems to have regarded the emperor's fourteen sons as his successors. At that time, Junggar invaded * * *, the Qing army reinforcements were defeated in the city, and the military situation on the western front was urgent. In the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi, Yun was appointed General Fuyuan and led a great army to the Western Expedition. The battle of * * * has many troops and heavy tasks. At that time, the candidate for the prince was pending. Kangxi gave Yun this important appointment, probably to test and exercise his talents. In order to establish the prestige of the cloud, the ceremony of sending troops was grand and high-standard, and Kangxi "saluted the son of Tang Yi". You can use the yellow flag as a general king. He was accompanied by a group of princes, county kings and some favorite grandchildren of Kangxi. Kangxi attached great importance to Yun's talent and said to the Mongolian prince, "General Wang is my prince. He is really a good general and commands the army. I know very well that I have the ability to lead troops, so whether it is life or death, military affairs or details, I must obey the instructions of the general Wang. If I can sincerely encourage you, it will be no different from my face-to-face teaching. " ("The Memorial of General Fu Yuan")

After being allowed to go to the front, Kangxi took great care of him and asked him many times: "How are Ama and Erniang? ... Since last year, I haven't taken a single dose of medicine ... I don't need anyone to help me get on the kang, and I don't need to put stirrups on horseback." "My white hair and beard have turned blue, so don't tell anyone" (Manchu Zhu Yu). Yun received 65,438+06 items and food in the front two years, including glasses, snuff bottles and belts used by Kangxi. "Where there is a good product from all provinces, my father will give it to me immediately" ("Manchu Zhu Pi Memorial"). Some of Yun's sons were also brought to Jehol by Kangxi, who made them "bend at the emperor's knees forever" (Manchu and Zhu Pi Memorial). Hongchun, the son of Yun, married his daughter, and Kangxi took care of her personally and gave her property as a dowry. Kangxi gave the relieving power to Yun, and the relationship was very close. At that time, he gave the impression that Yun would be the successor. Therefore, the nine sons of the emperor all promised to be "smart and peerless" and "have both talent and morality, and my brother is not as good as". "Fourteen grandfather now invaded, and the emperor attached great importance to it. The crown prince must be him in the future "("literature series? Yun Si case "). Even the then (North Korea) pilgrims said, "Fourteen kings have supported troops outside and made great contributions." (Yan) according to

Compare these records with the comments on General Yun Ren after Yongzheng seized power. Yongzheng said: "(Kangxi) knows that the cloud is useless in Beijing, and the situation is stupid and restless, so I really want to expel it" ("Justice"). According to this statement, it is not credible that Kangxi wants to send an ignorant and restless son to be a general and treat military affairs as a joke. It is the image of Yongzheng who denigrates Yun.

According to official records, how Kangxi passed the throne to Yongzheng was also full of loopholes and could not be justified. The earliest imperial edict was August of the first year of Yongzheng: "The Holy Father ... ordered me to be in charge of the overall situation. Last year 1 1 month 13 was in a hurry, and we made a big plan in one sentence." There is no mention of people who have heard of death. In October of the fifth year of Yongzheng, the imperial edict said, "On the day when the emperor rose to a distant place, I asked my brothers and Long Keduo to come to see me, issued a decree, and paid me with the unified salary. Among the ministers, Longke is the only one who implements the decree. " There are records of emperor penguins and Roncodo listening to their fate. In September of the seventh year of Yongzheng, in order to refute the rumors of usurpation, Yongzheng wrote the Lost Records of Righteousness and Justice, describing the situation of Kangxi's dying, which was very detailed and specific:

"Before Kangxi entered the winter from November to November, sixty-one, I went to the southern suburbs to worship on orders from the imperial examination. When the emperor took the sacred bow, he was still taking pictures in Changchun Garden. ..... On the 13th, the emperor called me into lent. Before I arrived at Changchun Garden, the Imperial Examination ordered Prince Zhicheng, Qin Chun Wang Yun, Achina (that is), Seth Black (that is, Yun), Prince Yun Xiang of Yun and Iraq, and former minister Long Keduo of Yuan Dynasty to go to the royal tattoo, and said,' The four sons of the emperor are noble in character, and they all bow down to me deeply, and they will certainly inherit the great unity and succeed to the throne.' At that time, Zhuang, Prince, Belle Yun and Bei Ziyun were waiting outside the bedroom. And I rushed to greet him, and the emperor told me that the symptoms were getting worse, and I comforted him with tears. In the evening, Yulong is a guest. I mourn the call sign, I really don't want to live. Longkodo is the witness of the imperial examination. I was so shocked that I collapsed to the ground. Prince Cheng kowtowed to me and advised me not to be sad. I began to deal with important things. "("Loss of Justice ")

There are many problems with this passage:

First, the important situation of Kangxi's succession should be disclosed at the beginning of Yongzheng's accession to the throne. Why wait until seven years later?

Second, Yongzheng always stressed that before Kangxi died, he did not know that he would inherit the throne. "I didn't mean to be big, but my heart was really bitter." The year before last 1 1 month 13, the imperial examination began, but I didn't know it. If I knew, it would be unreasonable. After the imperial examination, announce it to me "("Cabinet System "). According to The Mystery of Justice, Yongzheng came to the bedside eight hours before Kangxi died. At that time, Kangxi could still speak. "The emperor reported that the symptoms were getting worse. "Why didn't Kangxi tell Yongzheng that it had been passed on to him? What's the big deal? Did Kangxi forget? Or keep it a secret from Yongzheng? All this is meaningless. Moreover, the brothers who listened to Kangxi and Long Keduo's instructions didn't say a word. Until the death of Kangxi, "Longkeduo testified for the imperial examination", and the situation was rather bizarre.

3. Longkodo was the "only minister" facing the testamentary edict, but in the imperial edict of Yongzheng for five years, it was said that "Longkodo was not in command or sent people to the imperial palace on the day when Emperor Saint Zuren ascended the throne" (Donghua Record), and the preface and the following words were contradictory.

4. Yongzheng said: When Kangxi died, Prince Guo Yunli (seventeen sons of the emperor) was also "waiting outside the bedroom", but Longkeduo said: "On the day when the Emperor Saint Zu arrived in Beijing, I went back to Beijing first, and Prince Guo was on duty (referring to the palace). I heard something important, so I met him on Xizhimen Street and told him to be less important to the emperor. Prince Guo looked perverse. As you can see, Liu Yun is not waiting outside the bedroom. Hearing that Kangxi died, he rushed to Changchun Garden and met Long Keduo in Xizhimen Street. It was only when he heard that Yongzheng ascended the throne that he was surprised and fled home.

5. According to Yongzheng's record: "On the day when the emperor was promoted to a distant place, I was in mourning, and Seth Black (Yun) suddenly came to me and sat opposite me, arrogant and unpredictable" ("The Mystery of the Great Sense of Justice"), "When Emperor Saint Zuren visited, Aquinas (Yun Si) did not mourn, but leaned against the pillar outside the courtyard. Heyun's performance is not like listening to Kangxi's last words eight hours ago, but like Kangxi just died and was angry at the news that Yongzheng was enthroned. It can be seen that the so-called eight people were transferred to Yongzheng by the Kangxi Oracle, which is very suspicious and probably forged seven years later.

We can also see the problem from the royal family's reaction to Yongzheng's succession. There are many Yongzheng brothers, and only thirteen sons of Emperor Yun Xiang support Yongzheng's succession.