Bai Juyi's life

Bai Juyi (772-846), whose name was Lotte, was a Buddhist in Xiangshan. Originally from Taiyuan [now Shanxi]. When he arrived at his great-grandfather, he moved to the summer night (now north of Weinan, Shaanxi). Bai Juyi's grandfather, Huang Bai, was a magistrate of Gongxian county and a good friend of Xinzheng county magistrate at that time. Seeing the beautiful mountains and rivers and simple folk customs in Xinzheng, Huang Bai loved it very much, so his family moved to Dongguozhai Village (now Dongguo Temple) in the west of Xinzheng. Bai Juyi was born in Dongguozhai on the 20th day of the first month in the seventh year of Dali, Tang Daizong (February 28th, 772). Wuzong Huichang died in Luoyang [Henan] in August (846) at the age of 75. He is the author of seventy-one volumes of Bai Changqing Collection.

In his later years, the official was the Prince with less Fu, and posthumous title was Bai Fu and Bai Wengong. He actively advocated the new Yuefu movement in literature, arguing that articles should be written in time and poems should be written for things. He wrote many poems lamenting the times and reflecting the sufferings of the people, which had a great influence on later generations. He is a very important poet in the history of China literature.

Life is divided into two periods, with Sima being demoted to Jiangzhou at the age of 44. The early period is the period of helping the world, and the later period is the period of being independent. Bai Juyi was a 29-year-old scholar in the 26th year of Zhenyuan. Successive provincial school secretary, provincial school secretary, Hanlin bachelor. During the Yuanhe period, he ran away and wrote a lot of satirical poems, including Ten Famous Poems of Qin Zhongyin and Fifty Poems of New Yuefu, which made the dignitaries gnash their teeth and regret their wrists. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi's mother died in Chang 'an because of mental disorder. According to the rules at that time, Bai Juyi returned to his hometown for three years and returned to Chang 'an after the funeral. The emperor arranged for him to be a doctor. In June of the 10th year of Yuanhe, when Bai Juyi was 44 years old, Prime Minister Wu and imperial envoy Zhong Cheng Pei Du were assassinated. Wu died on the spot and Pei Du was seriously injured. For such a big event, the eunuch group and the old bureaucratic group in power at that time kept calm and were in no hurry to deal with it. Bai Juyi was very angry. For the sake of law and order, he urged the authorities to strictly arrest the murderer. However, instead of praising his enthusiasm for state affairs, those in power say that he is an official of the Eastern Palace, and it is trespassing to talk about state affairs in front of the admonishers. He also said that his mother fell into a well and died while looking at flowers. He wrote poems about flowers and wells, which hurt filial piety. Such a person is not worthy to be a doctor. Zuo Zanshan should accompany the prince to study and should be expelled from Beijing. So he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. In fact, the reason why he offended was those satirical poems.

The official demotion to Jiangzhou dealt a great blow to Bai Juyi. He said that he "eliminated the troubles and happiness on the surface and the right and wrong in his chest", and his early Buddhist and Taoist thoughts also grew. Three years later, he was promoted to Zhongzhou Secretariat. In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong died suddenly in Chang 'an, and Tang Muzong succeeded to the throne. Mu Zong loves talents, recalled Chang 'an, and became a foreign minister, doctor, doctor and sinologist. However, at that time, North Korea was in chaos, with ministers fighting for power and profit and infighting. Mu Zong is politically lazy and doesn't listen to advice. Therefore, Mu Zong was appointed as the secretariat of Hangzhou in the second year of Changqing, and Suzhou was appointed as the secretariat after the expiration of Hangzhou. In his later years, he was divided into the eastern capital by the Prince. A 70-year-old official. Compared with the previous period, he is much more negative, but after all, he is a poet who has made a difference and actively pleaded for the people. Some of his poems at this time still show his concern for the country and the people. He is still diligent in political affairs and has done many good things, such as dredging six wells dug by Li Bi and solving the drinking water problem of the people. He built a long dike on the West Lake to store water and irrigate the fields, and wrote down the easy-to-understand Stone of Qiantang River, which was carved on a stone to tell people how to store water and drain water. He thought that as long as the dike was as good as law, it would not suffer from drought. This is the famous "Bai Causeway".

Bai Juyi's grandfather, his father Bai and his grandfather are all poets. In this family background, Bai Juyi studied very hard and eventually became a poet. But Bai Juyi, like Li Bai and Du Fu, was a heavy drinker. Zhang Wenqian said in Tiaoxi Fish in Conghua: Although Tao Yuanming loves to drink, he can't drink often because of his poor family. Drinking with him are farmers who collect firewood, catch fish and farm land, and the location is also in the Woods and fields. Bai Juyi makes wine at home, and every time he drinks, he must be accompanied by silk and bamboo and served by prostitutes. All the people who drink with him are social celebrities, such as Pei Du and Liu Yuxi.

At the age of 67, he wrote a biography of Mr. Drunk Sound. This drunken Mr. Yin is himself. In his biography, he said that there was a man named Mr. Zuiyin, and he didn't know his name, hometown and official position. He only knew that he had been an official for 30 years and retired to Los Angeles. He lives in ponds, bamboo poles, trees, pavilions, pontoons and so on. He likes drinking, reciting poems, playing the piano, and playing with drunkards, poetry space clubs and piano lovers. This is also the case. Bai Juyi has been roaming in temples, hills and spring stones inside and outside Luoyang.

Whenever the weather is beautiful, or it snows, he invites guests to his house, first painting the jar, then writing poems, and then holding silk and bamboo. So while drinking, I recited poems and played the piano. There is a boy playing "wearing a dress and feathers" and a little prostitute singing "Yang Liuzhi", which is a great pleasure. It didn't stop until everyone was drunk. Bai Juyi sometimes went out to play in the wild on a whim. He put a piano and a pillow in the car, hung two flagons on bamboo poles on both sides of the car, drank with the piano and came back happily.

According to Poor You Ji, Bai Juyi has a pond where he can row a boat. He entertained guests, and sometimes on the boat, he ordered people to hang more than 100 empty bags beside the boat, which contained wine and delicacies, and went with the boat. When he wants to eat or drink, he pulls them up, and when he finishes eating or drinking, he pulls up another one until he finishes eating or drinking.

In this way, it must be different from Tao Yuanming's predicament.

Fang Shao's Zhai Bo Discriminations says: Of the 2,800 poems written by Bai Letian, 800 were drunk. This number is not small.

When he drinks, he sometimes drinks alone. For example, when he was a secretariat in Suzhou, he was busy with official business and dismissed him with wine. He drank wine all day to relieve his nine days' hard work. He said: don't underestimate a day of drunkenness, that is to eliminate nine days of fatigue. If you are not tired for nine days, how can you cure the people of the country? How can you entertain yourself if you are not drunk for a day? He combines work and rest with wine.

More is drinking with friends. He said in the poem "Drunk with Li Eleven and Remember Yuan Jiu"; When you are drunk, you will break your spring worries, and when you are drunk, you will make wine. In the poem "To Yuan Zhen", it is said: Flower swimming on the pommel horse, a glass of wine in the snow. In the poem "Drinking, Drinking, Dreams and Late Period", he said; * * * Put 10,000 in a bucket and 70 in three years. In his poem "Recalling Yuan Jiu and Li Yi Drunk", he said: There is a ray of green in the old bottle and a touch of red in the static furnace. With dusk and snow coming, how about a glass of wine? Wait, wait.

Bai Juyi was 75 years old. Buried in Longmen Mountain. After his death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem to mourn him, saying, "Who taught Ming Lu to write poems for sixty years and make jade beads?" Floating clouds are naturally happy if they are not famous and easy to live in. Boys perform "Song of Eternal Sorrow", and Hu Er can sing "Pipa". The article is full of people's ears. "For a while, I missed you sadly."

Luzhen, a native of Yining, Henan Province, carved a biography of Mr. Zuiyin with stones and stood beside the tomb. Legend has it that Luoyang people and tourists from all over the world know that Bai Juyi was addicted to alcohol all his life, so they all came to sweep the grave to propose a toast as a souvenir. The wide land in front of the tomb is often wet and never dry.

Bai Juyi was an outstanding poet in the middle Tang Dynasty. His poetic thoughts and creations, which emphasize popularity and realism, occupy an important position in the history of China's poetry. In Jiu Shu Tong Yuan, he clearly said: "Servants aim to help the two, and they are independent. Always serve the Tao, and invent poetry. Calling it a satirical poem is also aimed at helping others; It's not bad to call it leisure poetry. " It can be seen that among Bai Juyi's four kinds of poems, satire, leisure, sentimentality and miscellaneous law, the first two poems are the most valued, because they embody his "serving the people and always being kind". His poetic thoughts are mainly based on early satirical poems.

As early as the early Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi showed a tendency to emphasize realism, popularity and irony: "If there is no textual research on today's praise and demotion, there is a lack of punishment and persuasion;" If the poem "The Beauty Sting" does not test politics, then the significance of the make-up test will be abolished. ..... Those who give ci and fu with admonition and irony are wild in nature. "The role of poetry is to punish evil and persuade good, and make up for current politics. The means of poetry is praise, criticism, admonition and satire, so he advocates: "Set up officials to collect poems, make sarcastic remarks, examine their gains and losses, and understand their feelings." (Poetry Sixty-nine) He opposes the simple pursuit of "high palace rhythm" and "strange writing" without content, and even more opposes the gorgeous poetic style of "mocking the wind and making flowers" since Qi and Liang Dynasties. In the preface to new Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard of writing poetry is: "the quality and path of his words are easy to distinguish for those who want to see;" "His words are straightforward and he admonishes those who want to listen; Its business is nuclear and true, so people who use it can send messages; Its body is very smooth and can be played in music songs. " Here, "quality and diameter", "straightness and tangent", "core and reality" and "smoothness and smoothness" respectively emphasize that the language should be simple and popular, the discussion should be straightforward and exposed, the writing should be absolutely false and pure, the form should be smooth and fluent, and it has the color of ballads. In other words, poetry must be authentic, easy to understand and easy to sing in order to be considered the ultimate.

Bai Juyi's above requirements for poetry have only one purpose, that is, to make up for current politics. So he went on to say: "In short, for the monarch, for the minister, for the people, for things, for things, not for writing." (Preface to New Yuefu) In Nine Books with the Same Yuan, he reviewed his early creation and said, "Since I came to Korea, I have grown older and read more. Every time he talks to others, he asks more current events; Every time you read history, you should seek truth and Tao, and you will know that articles are written in time and songs and poems are written in things. " The first thing to do for time is to show it to the king. He also said: "I don't know when to avoid it" (the second of two painful poems about Tang Qu), and created a large number of satirical poems reflecting the sufferings of people's livelihood, but the general direction is "only songs make people sick, hope the emperor can know" (sent to Tang Sheng). Because only when the people's feelings are heard in heaven, the emperor opens the door and reaches the people's feelings, will politics tend to be calm.

Pipa Xing and Song of Eternal Sorrow are Bai Juyi's most successful works, and the outstanding feature of their artistic expression is the strengthening of lyric factors. Compared with the previous narrative poems, although these two works also use narrative and description to express events, they can no longer simplify the events, and only use one central event and two or three main characters to structure the whole article, such as the dramatic Ma Wei incident that the author is about to take over, but in the most lyrical psychological description of the characters and the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, they pour ink like rain in order to enjoy themselves, even though Pipa is such a story. In addition, the lyricism of these two works is also manifested in creating an appropriate atmosphere and setting off the artistic conception of poetry with selected images. For example, in Song of Eternal Sorrow, "He gazed at the desolate moon from the temporary palace, and he heard the bell in the late rain, cutting it on his chest"; "Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn" and "When the river mysteriously expands to the full moon" in the pipa; Or combine the bleak moonlight, the patter of rain at night and the heartbroken bell into a charming scene; Or use rustling maple leaves, flowers and boundless rivers and the moon to form a sad and lonely picture, revealing sadness, sadness and loneliness.

Leisure poems and satirical poems are two kinds of poems that Bai Juyi pays special attention to. Both of them are realistic, vulgar and thrifty, but they are quite different in content and mood. Satire poems aim at "helping the two" and are closely related to social politics, and write more about lofty sentiments and excitement; Leisure poems are meant to be "exclusive", "content with harmony, and give play to one's temperament" (Nine Books of Yuyuan), thus showing an indifferent, peaceful and leisurely state of mind.

Bai Juyi's leisurely poems have a great influence on later generations. His simple language style and indifferent and leisurely mood have been praised repeatedly. However, in contrast, the "leisure" thought of retiring from politics and being content with peace, and the attitude of returning to Buddhism and imitating Tao Yuanming in these poems have far-reaching influence because they are more in line with the psychology of later literati. For example, Bai Juyi said, "If you fight for two snail horns, you'll get a dime a dozen" (No.7 of Let's Drink Seven Songs), "If you fight for the snail horns, I'll send the body in the firelight of the stone" (No.2 of Drink Five Songs) and "I'll know what happened to the snail horns later" (No.8 of Wu Zeng's Can Change My Diet). That is to say, on the basis of the names given by the Song people, "the names of drunkards, pedants and Dongpo all come from Bai Letian's poems" (Gong Yizheng's "Notes on Mustard Seeds"). Zhou Bida, a poet in the Song Dynasty, pointed out: "Su Wenzhong, a loyal minister in this dynasty, did not pay much attention to permission, only loved Lotte and wrote poems many times. Gage's articles are all about words, but they are honest and generous, outspoken, full of words, affectionate with people and indifferent to things. Living in Huangzhou, the first name is Dongpo, which must have started from Lotte Zhongzhou. " (Poems of Erlaotang) All these show the influence track of Bai Juyi and his poems.

Bai Juyi was the main advocate of the New Yuefu Movement in the mid-Tang Dynasty, arguing that "articles should be written in time, and songs and poems should be written well." And put this idea into his own poetry creation practice. His early political poems widely and profoundly reflected the social contradictions at that time and expressed deep sympathy for the people's suffering. The wording is sharp and the theme is clear. His representative works "Ten Poems of Qin Zhongyin" and "Fifty Poems of New Yuefu" have great influence.

Hougong ci

Tears wet Luo Jin's dream of not being able to sleep. Late at night, I heard a rhythmic song coming from the lobby.

A beauty is broken before she gets old.

The Everlasting Regret

The emperor of China, eager to shake the beauty of an empire, has been in office for many years, searching and never finding it.

Until a child of the Yang family grew up in the inner room, almost before she grew up, and no one knew her.

However, due to the gift of heaven and no concealment, it was finally elected royal one day.

If she just turned her head and smiled, there were a hundred spells, and the powder and paint of six palaces disappeared without a trace.

It was early spring. They let her bathe in a pure pool to warm and smooth her creamy skin.

Because she was tired, a maid lifted her up, when the emperor noticed her for the first time and chose her as his bride.

On the night of spring, the warm hibiscus curtains covered her fluttering hair, petals on her cheeks and golden ripples on her head.

But the night in spring is short and the sun rises too fast. Since then, the emperor has given up his early hearing.

He wastes all his time on parties and revelry. He is the lover of spring and the tyrant of night.

There are other ladies in his court, 3,000 of whom are stunning beauties, but his love for 3,000 is concentrated on one person.

The golden house is dressed up to serve the night. When the table in the jade tower is cleaned, she will wander around and drink wine slowly.

Sisters and brothers are in this country because she illuminates and glorifies her family.

When a girl is born instead of a boy, she brings happiness to every father and mother in the empire.

... high rose plum palace, into the blue clouds, and the wide breeze carries magical notes.

Soft songs and slow dances, strings and bamboo music, the emperor's eyes can never stare at her.

Until the sound of drums came from Yuyang, which shocked the whole earth and broke the tune of rainbow skirts and feathers.

The Forbidden City, a nine-story palace, is hidden in the dust and travels southwest from thousands of chariots and horses.

The imperial flag opened the way, suddenly moving and stopping, 30 miles from the capital and passing the west gate.

People in the army stop, and no one will move until they are under their hooves. They may trample on those moths.

The gorgeous hairpin fell to the ground, and no one picked it up, a green and white Hosta and a golden hairy bird.

The emperor couldn't save her, so he had to cover his face. Later, when he turned to look, there was blood and tears.

Hidden in the yellow dust from the cold wind, they crossed a cloud line at the crack of the steeple path.

Under Emei Mountain. The last few came, and the flags and banners lost their colors in the fading sun.

But the water in Shu is always green and the mountains are always blue, so your majesty's love is constant and deeper than the sky.

He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace, and he heard the rain at dusk, cutting his chest.

Heaven and earth in last contact, the dragon car comes home, and the emperor never leaves.

The memory and pain are buried in the soil of Maweipo. Where is her white face? .

Rulers and lords, when their eyes met, cried on their coats. They rode horses, loosened the reins and slowly returned to the capital.

Pond, garden, palace, everything is the same as before, Taiye Lake hibiscus, Weiyang Palace willow.

But the petals are like her face, and the willow leaves are like her eyebrows. Whenever he looks at them, what can he do but cry? .

Peach and plum trees are in bloom. In the spring wind, after the autumn rain, the leaves fall to the ground.

The palaces in the west and south are scattered with evening grass, and the steps are piled with red leaves that are not swept.

Bai Fuxin, a disciple of Li Yuan, and eunuchs in her pepper yard. .

Fireflies were flying on the throne, and he was meditating in the twilight. , he will extend the wick to its end and still never fall asleep. ..

Bells and drums will slowly ring the long night, and before dawn, the Milky Way in the sky will become clear.

And the porcelain mandarin ducks on the roof grow thick morning frost, and the jade is cold, so who and who * * *.

The distance between life and death is year after year, but no beloved soul has visited his dream.

There lived a Taoist priest in Lingqiong. He was a guest in the sky and could summon the gods through his concentration.

Thinking of the king, they begged the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.

He opened a path in space, like lightning, cut through the sky, up and down, looking for it everywhere.

Above, he looked for the green void, below, the yellow spring, but he didn't find the one he was looking for in two places.

Then he heard a story about a magical island at sea, which is part of the invisible world.

There are pavilions in the five-color sky, and exquisite immortals walk back and forth.

And one of them, they call it forever true, has a face like her snow and flowers.

So he went to the golden gate of the West Hall, knocked on the Jasper Gate, and asked a girl named Small jade to tell Shuang Perfect.

This lady, after hearing the news of Emperor China's envoy, woke up from her dream in her canopy.

She pushed open the pillow, got dressed, shook off her drowsiness, opened the pearly curtain, and then opened the silver screen.

Ji Yun is half asleep, and her flowered hat is loose when she walks along the balcony.

A breeze blew her cloak and fluttered with her movements, as if she were dancing with a rainbow skirt and feather coat.

Tears fell from her sad pale face, just like the spring rain on pear flowers.

But when she asked him to thank her monarch, her eyes shone with love. Since they separated, her form and voice were unfamiliar to her.

Because happiness ends in the courtyard of the sun, the moon and dawn become long in the palace of Xianshan.

But when she turned to look down at the earth and tried to see the capital, there was only fog and dust.

So she took out the keepsake he gave, and gave him a shell box and a gold hairpin through his messenger.

However, one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box were kept, and the gold of the hairpin and the shell of the box were broken.

"Our souls belong to each other," she said, "just like this gold and this shell." Somewhere, at some time, on earth or in heaven, we will be together.

She sent him a message through his messenger, reminding him that only the hearts of the two of them knew the oath.

On the seventh day of July, in the Palace of Eternal Life, we secretly told each other in the quiet midnight world.

We hope to fly in heaven, two birds become one and grow on the earth, two branches of a tree. ..

The earth endures, and the sky endures; One day both will end, and this endless sadness will last forever.

Pipa player's song

In the evening, I bid farewell to a guest on Xunyang River. Maple leaves and mature rushes rustle in autumn.

I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music.

Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon.

We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left.

We followed the melody, asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered.

We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again.

However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us.

... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings.

Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life.

She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit.

She brushes the strings, twists them slowly, sweeps them and plucks them, first "Nishang" and then "Six Yao".

Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets.

Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade.

Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice.

The ice spring is cold and astringent, as if it can't pass; And notes, fade away.

The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice.

A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons.

Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk.

The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river.

She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite.

Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill.

She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians.

Quba once taught good people to yield, and her beauty envied all the leading dancers.

How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song.

And the blood color of the skirt was stained by wine, China.

Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention.

Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared.

There were fewer and fewer cars and horses in front of the door, and finally she married herself to a businessman.

Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago.

She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water.

Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears.

Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder.

We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? !

A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile.

Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year.

My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes.

What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing.

I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the spring morning and the autumn night in the moonlight.

Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears.

Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music.

Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. I will write a Long song about guitar. ..

... she was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder.

Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces.

But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet.

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Guan was once a famous prostitute in Xuzhou, and was later accepted as a concubine by Xuzhou Shoujiang Zhang Cheng. Bai Juyi traveled to Xuzhou and hosted a banquet in Rizo. During the dinner, Guan's favorite princess also performed songs and dances. Bai Juyi appreciated Guan's talent very much, and wrote a poem "Drunk and charming can't win, but the wind blows peony flowers." Two years later, Rizo died of illness and his concubines separated. It's just about remembering, moving to the old house Yanzilou and living in seclusion.

In a flash, ten years passed. Bai Juyi heard about Guan's chastity, thinking that since she persisted for so long, why didn't she just die a martyr, leaving a reputation as a chaste woman and making an eternal story? So I started writing poetry, and the client handed it to Guan, and saw a letter saying:

Gold does not hesitate to buy slices,

Picked four or five flowers,

Singing and dancing are exhausting,

Once I leave, I won't follow you.

When Guan saw this poem, he burst into tears at once. She didn't die because she was afraid that others would misunderstand Rizo's selfishness and let her beloved concubine die, which would disgrace Rizo's reputation. Therefore, Bai Juyi dragged her feet over the years and drag out an ignoble existence, but Bai Juyi used poetry to make her martyrdom. How can she not be sad and angry? Guan was an upright man and died of hunger strike ten days later. A woman of dusty background cannot be expected to be loyal and chaste. Even if a good woman is chaste to her dead husband, it is only a personal choice, and it still depends on the relationship between husband and wife.

So infatuated with righteousness, can only say that Rizo's blessing, met a virtuous and kind woman. Pay attention to keeping Guan Ba for ten years, instead of posing for fame for many years.

Isn't it worse to die after ten years of miserable life? Bai Juyi, who has always been very sympathetic, not only did not sympathize with her situation, but also forced her to commit suicide and double suicide, pointing out a blind alley for her with rude male chauvinism.

How inhuman burial is, there is no need to argue again and again, and double suicide depends entirely on personal wishes. If you die and I can't live alone, we'll go together. But Bai Juyi, as a bystander, has what qualifications to dictate?

The ethical code of cannibalism has finally been eaten alive. Before she died, she read a sentence, children don't understand anything, they are sweaty mud-if you are a child, how do you know that I am pure and clean?

She repaid the great poet Bai Juyi with a noble death. Bai Juyi also greatly regretted hearing the death. Several years later, he retired to Xiangshan, Luoyang, knowing that time was running out, he dismissed Shi Ji Fan Su and Xiao Man (in fact, this was Bai's second mistake, and the two concubines were unlucky, but they were just swept out of the house by Lao Bai, who never seemed to think that they were actually people like themselves) and didn't want them to repeat Guan's tragedy.