Brief introduction of Xiang Yu

Classification: social/cultural >> Historical figures

Analysis:

Xiang Yu (232- 202 BC) was born in Xiaxiang (now southwest of Suqian, Jiangsu). Chu descended from the door. After Chu's death, he went into exile with his uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong (now Suzhou, Jiangsu). When I was young, I couldn't learn calligraphy, but I still couldn't learn sword. Determined to learn "the enemy of ten thousand people" (that is, the ability to resist ten thousand people), I learned the art of war from my uncle. But I just have a "little knowledge" and refuse to study. "Xiang Yu is eight feet tall and can lift the tripod. When he was young, he was ambitious. When Qin Shihuang visited Zhejiang (now Qiantang River), Xiang Yu saw his horses and chariots commanding, and blurted out, "You can replace them. "In the first year of Qin Ershi (2009), Chen Sheng and Guangwu raised their arms in osawa Township. Xiang Yu responded with Xiang Liang in Wuzhong. Twenty-four-year-old Xiang Yu was promoted by the wind and rain of the people's uprising.

After the Xiang Liang Uprising, he recruited 8,000 elite soldiers, and Xiang Yu became General Ka (Lieutenant). For the convenience of addressing, counselor Fan Zeng suggested that Xiong Xin, the grandson of former Chu Huaiwang, should be king, with its capital in Xuyi, and still be called Chu Huaiwang. Xiang Liang led the rebel army to victory in the battle with Qin Jun, which produced the idea of being proud and underestimating the enemy. As a result, Xiang Liang died in Dingtao (now northwest of Dingtao County, Shandong Province) when he was defeated by the army led by Han.

After the Battle of Dingtao, Qin Jun crossed the Yellow River in the north, attacked the prince of Zhao who opposed Qin, and besieged the Zhao army in Julu (now Pingxiang, Hebei). Chu Huaiwang appointed Yi Song as general and Xiang Yu as deputy general, and led his troops to save him. Yi Song led his troops to Anyang (now south of Anyang, Henan Province), then hesitated and stationed for 46 days. At that time, it was raining continuously, and the rebels were short of food and clothing and were in trouble. Xiang Yu made a decisive decision, killed him, forced him to be a general, and ordered him to immediately send troops to the north to save Zhao.

Xiang Yu led his car into the south bank of Zhanghe River and confronted Qin Jun across the bank. He first sent Ying Bu and General Pu to lead twenty thousand soldiers to cross the river, cut off Qin Jun's grain transportation channel, and then led the main force to cross the river, chisel sunken ships, destroy cooking utensils and burn camps, and each person only took three days' rations. This is the origin of the famous idiom "cross the rubicon". On the battlefield, ChuJun surrounded Qin Jun with thunderous action. Xiang Yu took the lead and set an example. The Chu army bravely killed the enemy, defeated it, captured Wang Li, the general of Qin, and killed Su Jiao, the deputy commander of Qin, forcing him to commit suicide and solving the siege of the giant deer. When Xiang Yu's army fought fiercely with Qin Jun, the reinforcements of various governors crowded on the barriers and watched, afraid to take part in the war. After the battle, Xiang Yu called reinforcements and generals. They "entered the Yuanmen and marched on their knees, afraid to look up". Xiang Yu became the commander-in-chief of the vassal army.

After the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu pursued his victory, and Qin Jun was losing ground, and his morale was scattered. Zhang Han saw that the tide was gone and led two hundred thousand Qin Jun to surrender to Xiang Yu. On the way to the Western Expedition, Xiang Yu ordered the killing of all 200,000 soldiers in Xin 'an City (now Shengchi Cave in Henan Province). At this time, another rebel, Liu Bang, was pinned down by Xiang Yu with Qin Jun as the main force in Julu, and Guanzhong was empty and occupied Xianyang.

Dissatisfied, Xiang Yu led his army to break through the customs and enter Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi). At that time, Xiang Yu's army was 400,000, while Liu Bangjun was less than100,000. The strength of the two sides is very different. Liu Bang's strength was lost to Xiang Yu, so he adopted Sean's plan to woo his uncle Xiang Yu.

Uncle, go to Hong Men to confess yourself. At the hongmen banquet, swords and swords flashed in the crisscross of flowers. Fan Zeng, the counselor of Xiang Yu, raised the jade piece several times, suggesting that Xiang Yu killed Liu Bang, but Xiang Yu was indecisive and Liu Bang escaped. This is the story of the famous "Hongmen Banquet" in history. Xiang Yu relied on powerful forces to temporarily suppress Liu Bang. Led the troops into Xianyang, "kill Qin, burn Qin Gong, the fire will not go out in March, collect its treasure, and women will go east" (historical records? Xiang Yu Benji). Relying on his military talents, Xiang Yu pretended to be a vassal and general and gave orders. He established himself as the overlord of the West Chu, taking nine counties in Liangchu (accounting for parts of Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong and Henan) and Pengcheng (Xuzhou, Jiangsu) as his capital. At the same time, the land was ceded to the king and the eighteen princes were enfeoffed. Liu Bang was named Hanwang, Wang Hanzhong and Bashu in an attempt to limit the development of Liu Bang's forces and prevent them from moving eastward. As a result, raising tigers is a problem, which leads to the resurgence of Han army forces in the future.

Due to the unfair enfeoffment of Xiang Yu, the princes were dissatisfied. One is that Tian Rong destroyed Chu according to Qi, Xiang Yu quickly led the army to the East, and Liu Bang took advantage of the gap to advance eastward. In August 2008 BC, the Han army sneaked out of Hanzhong, defeated Xiang Yu's enfeoffment of the three kings of Qin, and quickly moved eastward, reaching Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan). Then, when Xiang Yu was at war with the Qi army, he attacked Pengcheng, the capital of Chu, and quickly led 30 thousand chosen men to save Pengcheng.

At this point, Liu bang relied on the strength of the army to paralyze the enemy. Xiang Yu's army was eager to recover lost ground and was full of fighting spirit. Xiang Yu led three Wan Chu armies out (now southeast of Yutai, Shandong Province) to Xiao (now northwest of Xiaoxian County, Jiangsu Province) and reached the flank of the Han army in Pengcheng. The battle began at dawn, and Chu Jun was brave and tenacious, fighting and rushing. By noon, the Han army had been defeated. The Chu army chased Surabaya in the northeast of Pengcheng, and the Han army fell into the water one after another, killing more than 100,000 people. The Han army fled to the southern mountainous area, and the Chu army chased Suishui to the east of Lingbi (now Anhui Province), killing hundreds of thousands of people. Liu Bang only led dozens of riders out of the tight encirclement, and even his wife Lv Zhi and his father Taigong were captured by Xiang Yu. In the battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu made a decisive decision and quickly led a good soldier to rescue Pengcheng. Unexpectedly, he defeated hundreds of thousands of Han troops, which is a model in the history of war.

After the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu pursued his victory and fought with Liu Bang in Jingyi and Suoting (west and south of Xingyang), but he was blocked to the east of Xingyang. The two sides have been arguing over the elevation area for two years. During this period, Liu Bang took correct operational guidance, stuck to the height, consumed the strength of the other side in the protracted war and waited for an opportunity to fight back; Xiang Yu fought a decisive battle with Liu Bang, but he couldn't rush. The strength of the two sides has undergone fundamental changes. The Han army has changed from weak to strong, and Xiang Yu has changed from strong to weak. In the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (2002), Liu Bang sent his troops to launch a general attack on Xiang Yu and surrounded the Xiang Yu Legion. At this point, the Ten Wan Chu Army was exhausted and demoralized. At night, the voice of the Han army singing Chu songs came from all directions. Xiang Yu ate the stork, drank wine to drown his sorrows, and sang generously and sadly: "If you pull out the mountain, you will be angry with the world and never die." . What can I do if I don't die, but what can I do if I worry? "Sing fly horse, led eight hundred ride to break south. In Dongcheng (now southeast of Dingyuan, Anhui), there were only 28 people left. He wanted to cross the Wujiang River and regroup, but he felt ashamed to meet his elders in Jiangdong. He fought hard for a while and died with a sword.

Xiang Yu is an outstanding military commander. He is good at fighting and brave and powerful on the battlefield. In the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu crossed the rubicon, outnumbered the public, and eliminated Qin Jun's main force, which objectively created conditions for Liu Bang to enter Xianyang and overthrow the Qin Dynasty. In the Chu-Han War, Tian Rong was defeated, Cheng Peng was saved, Xingyang was saved, and Gao was captured. He fought dozens of wars in his life and won many victories. Therefore, the ancients called him a "victorious man" (Su Xun Jiayou set? Ji Xiang).

However, Xiang Yu is also a tragic figure. After the demise of the Qin dynasty, claiming to be the overlord, he was busy enfeoffment the princes and supporting the remnants of the nobles of the six countries, which violated the people's desire for reunification and caused a chaotic separatist situation. His behavior was cruel, killing Qin and more than 200,000 soldiers. After entering the customs, Qin Gong was burned and the fire broke out in March. His atrocities of burning, killing and looting violated the will of the people and were the root cause of his failure. Xiang Yu relied on martial arts to deter princes, lacked foresight and did not fight for alliances. He was jealous of talent and was unable to employ people, which led to rebellion and a lack of morale. Militarily, he lacks the vision of a strategist, is headstrong and is not satisfied with his own page. As a result, fighter planes were repeatedly lost, there was no consolidated rear base, and there was not enough food and troops. Although they won many battles, they turned from prosperity to decline. Therefore, although Xiang Yu's military command ability is outstanding, it is hard to avoid failure in the end.