How many years did it take Li Shizhen to complete & gt

Compendium of Materia Medica written by Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty has been used for 27 years. Li Shizhen, whose name is Dongbi, is near the lake. He was born on 15 18 in washaoba (now qi zhou town, Qichun county, Hubei province) outside the east gate of qi zhou, Hubei province. Before the Ming Dynasty, this was the junction of Yuhu Lake and Shilian Lake, and people along the lake often suffered from the disaster of rising water level. Since the Ming dynasty, in order to prevent the lake from rising, a dam was built here, which was later called the tile nitrate dam. There is a rainy lake with a circumference of twenty or thirty miles near Washaw Dam, which is a scenic spot in qi zhou. To the east of Waxiaoba, there are Daquan Mountain, Longpan Mountain and Pingdingshan ... In addition to flowers, trees and bamboo forests, there are all kinds of wild medicinal materials in Shan Ye, which is a good place with rich products.

Li Shizhen was born in a family where three generations are doctors. His grandfather is a doctor, and his father, Li Yanwen, also known as Li Yuechi, is also a famous local doctor. He used to be "too many doctors". He not only has rich clinical experience, but also has considerable attainments in medical theory. Later, Li Shizhen praised his father's knowledge in diagnosing diseases as "the essence, and superficial knowledge failed to catch a glimpse". According to records, Li Yanwen has heard of the inventions of Four Diagnoses, Chuan of Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Chuan of Ginseng and Diagnosis and Treatment of Acne Rash. Li Shizhen was nurtured in this environment since he was a child.

In feudal society, doctors' status was very low. They were often compared to "fortune tellers" and "fortune tellers", and sometimes they were oppressed by bureaucratic landlords and gentry. This power was even worse in the Ming Dynasty, when it was stipulated that "medical households" could not change their professions. This social atmosphere of despising doctors prompted Li Yanwen to change the status of doctors and decided to let Li Shizhen take the imperial examination, so that he could get an official position and worship his ancestors. Therefore, Li Shizhen was asked to recite the Four Books and Five Classics every day to prepare for the imperial examination.

Li Shizhen loved reading since he was a child. 14-year-old Jinshi, and then participated in the provincial examination. He failed three times. One year, in qi zhou, the river rose and flooded fields and streets. The farmland is barren, the epidemic situation is serious, and gastrointestinal diseases are prevalent everywhere. The "pharmacy" organized by the government of qi zhou refused to treat the poor. When the poor are sick, they all come to Li Shizhen's father for treatment. Everyone kept thanking them when they left. All this is in Li Shizhen's eyes. At the age of 20, Li Shizhen suffered from "bone steaming" (tuberculosis), coughing and having a fever, and almost died. Thanks to his father's careful diagnosis and treatment, he cured the disease with Qin Huang soup. The more Li Shizhen thought about it, the less willing he was to take the road of imperial examination. He told his father that he was determined to study medicine, be a good doctor and relieve the pain of patients. Seeing his resolute attitude, my father had to agree.

Li Shizhen began to study medicine at the age of 24. During the day, he and his father went to the "mysterious temple" to see a doctor. In the evening, I am familiar with classic medical works such as Neijing, Materia Medica, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Pulse Meridian under the oil lamp. Li Shizhen's reading spirit is admirable. "After studying for ten years, I never leave home and know everything." . Thanks to hard work, he mastered the treatment. He cured Ji Hu, the king of Mu Jing, of his stomachache with "Rhizoma Corydalis" and cured his grandson of Fushun of his snuff with pesticides. Later, Fuzi Qihe Decoction was used to cure Fugu Wang's illness, and he was hired as the King of Chu to serve Zheng.

Years of clinical practice made Li Shizhen understand that to be a doctor, you should not only know medicine, but also know pharmacology. If you choose the wrong shape and performance of the medicine, it will kill people. On the basis of reading Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, he carefully read Tao Hongjing's Notes on the Classic of Materia Medica in Qi and Liang Dynasties, Newly Revised Materia Medica in Tang Dynasty, Kaibao Materia Medica in Song Dynasty, Jiayou Materia Medica, Classic Materia Medica and Materia Medica. Li Shizhen found many problems in ancient cursive scripts. First, in the classification of drugs, it is "regardless of plants, animals and insects, and the fish are mixed." For example, "ginger" and "yam" should be listed in the vegetable department, and ancient cursive scripts should be listed in the grass department; "withering" and "female withering" are two kinds of medicinal materials, and some cursive scripts say that they are one kind; "Orchid" can only be used for ornamental purposes and cannot be used as medicine, while some cursive scripts regard "orchid" as a medicinal "bluegrass"; What's more, people regard the poisonous Uncaria as a tonic, Polygonatum sibiricum. Li Shizhen thinks that there are so many mistakes in ancient cursive script, mainly because of the lack of on-the-spot investigation of drugs.

Since the Song Dynasty, pharmacology in China has made great progress, especially with the frequent cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, foreign drugs have been increasing, but they have not been included in this cursive script. Li Shizhen thinks it is necessary to revise and supplement the previous cursive script. At this time, Li Shizhen was 35 years old.

Five years later, the imperial court issued an imperial decree to select a group of experienced doctors from all over the country to fill the vacancy in the Imperial Hospital. Chu Wang Zhu of Wuchang recommended Li Shizhen. Li Shizhen thinks that Beijing is the Kyoto of Ming Dynasty, where not only important medical books from all over the country are gathered, but also more medicinal materials can be seen, which is an excellent opportunity to revise this cursive script. Li Shizhen accepted the recommendation of the King of Chu and entered the Beijing Imperial Hospital at the age of 4l as a judge of the Imperial Hospital.

Zhu Houzong, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was a very fatuous emperor. He is bent on pursuing the elixir of life and wants to be an immortal. In order to meet the needs of Zhu Houzong, the medical palace in Taichi Hospital not only collected the "fairy prescriptions" and "proven prescriptions" from all over the country, but also rummaged through the cursive scripts of past dynasties in an attempt to obtain the medicine of immortality. Some medical officials say that "taking mercury for a long time can make you live forever", and some medical officials say that "refining sulfur can grow skin and benefit qi"; Some say that "Ganoderma lucidum is a fairy grass, and long-term consumption can prolong life". Hearing this nonsense, Li Shizhen strengthened his determination to revise this cursive script.

Li Shizhen not only read a lot of medical books, but also extensively referred to hundreds of classics, local chronicles and unofficial history. At the same time, we carefully observed the precious medicinal materials imported from abroad and at home, and recorded their morphology, characteristics and origin one by one. After a year or so, in order to revise the cursive script, he didn't want to stay any longer and resigned under an excuse.

One day, Li Shizhen stopped at a post station on his way home and met several taxi drivers who were driving for the government. They gathered around a small pot and cooked weeds with roots and leaves. Li Shizhen came forward to ask, and the coachman told him, "We coachmen have been running around all the year round, and it's common to hurt our muscles and bones. If we cook this herb and drink it, we can relax our muscles and promote blood circulation. " This herb grassland is called "drum flower" or "spinning flower", and Li Shizhen recorded the experience introduced by the groom. It says: spinning flowers has the function of "invigorating qi and strengthening tendons" This incident made Li Shizhen realize that the modification of this cursive script can only be found in practice.