How do you take pictures of these galaxies, such as the Milky Way in space?

Some relatively close stars are photographed by satellites, such as Mars and Mercury. ...

Some pictures of constellations at the same distance were taken through telescopes of astronomical stations all over the world.

And the photo of the solar system you mentioned, I think it is an imaginary map, because this kind of map must be taken by satellite, and today's human science and technology and space technology have not reached this level. Humans didn't reach Pluto until 20 12, so it will take some time for a satellite to reach this far.

At present, there are many pictures about the solar system and the Milky Way, all of which are synthesized by imagination and computer simulation. I hope that human space technology will be more brilliant in the future. We have a chance to see real photos.

So, your description of the solar system is based on realistic and computer-simulated pictures, not a lens.

This is very simple, because after long-term research by scientists, it is found that the gravity of stars is regular. Then according to the observation and calculation, it is concluded that the shape of galaxies can be roughly divided into several types:

Vortex type, spherical type, irregular type ..

The Milky Way is a whirlpool, and those white bands are nebulae, interstellar dust and particles, or fragments of explosions after the death of stars, which reflect white light because of light irradiation.

And many of these substances are connected together and become nebulae.