Classical Chinese writing describing ancient astronomical phenomena

1. Is there any classical Chinese that records the ancient people's understanding of day and night phenomena? In the eyes of the ancients, nature is mysterious, celestial bodies are mysterious, and mysterious forces dominate the world in the whole universe.

All kinds of natural phenomena are controlled by gods, and these gods have names, such as the name of the wind Lord, the name of the rain Lord in Fei Lian, the name of the cloud Lord, the name of the moon Lord, and the name of Wangshu China, one of the earliest countries in the world. Agricultural production needs accurate farming time, so people naturally have to observe the astronomical phenomena very diligently, and ancient astronomical knowledge has developed accordingly. Eclipses have been recorded in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

There are records about stars and astronomical phenomena in Shangshu, Shijing, Chunqiu, Zuozhuan, Guoyu and Erya. "Historical Records" lists the official books, and "Hanshu" also lists "Tianzhi", which is a chapter devoted to discussing and recording astronomical phenomena.

We now know some common basic astronomical concepts in ancient books, which is undoubtedly helpful to improve our ability to read ancient books. Seven policies (seven obsidians): The sun, the moon and Jin Mu are five stars.

Golden wood fire, water and earth are the five planets actually observed by the ancients, also known as the five latitudes. Venus: Ancient star, also known as Taibai, is silvery white and extremely bright.

In The Book of Songs, Zheng Feng, a female crow, said, "Zi Xing looks at the night and the stars are shining", "Martin, Dongmen Yang" and "Faint for a while, the stars are shining", which means Venus. Venus is called Qi Ming at dawn in the east and Chang Gung Memorial at dusk in the west.

The Book of Songs, Xiaoya Dadong, is also about Venus. Jupiter: the ancient name of nian, also known as nian.

In the twelfth year, the Lunar New Year runs around the sky and passes through a certain starry sky area every year, so the date can be set according to the itinerary of the Lunar New Year. Mercury: Also known as Chen Xing.

Mars: an ancient name. Saturn: an ancient name for revitalizing or filling stars.

Precession: Due to the slight influence of the gravity of the sun and the moon on the equator of the earth, the earth's axis makes a conical motion around the ecliptic axis, and slowly moves westward, circling for about 26,000 years, and at the same time makes vernal equinox move westward at a speed of 50.2 seconds per year. This phenomenon is called precession.

Yu of the Jin Dynasty first determined the more accurate age difference in China, and reached the conclusion that "fifty years recede by one degree", which advanced the time of distinguishing sidereal years from solar years in Chinese calendars. The earliest calendar for calculating precession was Zu Chongzhi's Da Li Ming.

Sanyuan: Ziweiyuan, Taiweiyuan and Tianshiyuan. When you see the sky above the north in the Yellow River Basin, other stars around you gather into an area based on Polaris, which is called Ziweiyuan.

The ancients believed that Ziwei Garden was the location of the Emperor of Heaven. Outside Ziwei Garden, the star area north of Zhang Yi is Taiwei Garden.

The star-shaped area north of the jumping point at the end of the room is the Shi Tian Wall. Du Fu's "Autumn Sending Stone to Xue Mingfu": "Purple is slightly near the big horn, and the emperor rides on it."

Arcturus, the bright star in the northern sky, was regarded by the ancients as the throne of heaven. Xi (Xi): the grade of the stars. This concept does not refer to a star, but to a collection of several adjacent stars.

Twenty-eight Hostels (House and Star): Twenty-eight Star Zone. The ancients observed the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars with the stars as the background. The relative position between the stars was relatively stable, so it can be used to observe the position of the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars.

After observation, the ancients successively chose 28 stars (all stars) near the equator of the ecliptic as coordinates, which are called 28 nights, that is, the seven nights of the Oriental Black Dragon: horn, sound, fork, room, heart, tail and dustpan. Seven nights in northern Xuanwu: fighting, cattle, women, air, danger, houses and walls.

Seven nights in the West White Tiger: Kui, Lou, Wei, Chang, Bi, Gou and Shen. Seven nights in South Suzaku: well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang, wing and bird.

The ancients imagined the seven nights of each side as four kinds of animals, that is, four elephants. Similar to westerners, they associate constellations with animal images. )

Literary works related to Twenty-eight Lodgings include: The Book of Songs, The Wind in July, and Full of Fire in July. "Tang Style Prepare for the Future": "The reward is good, and Samsung is in the sky."

"Samsung is in the corner." "Three stars are at home."

Mao Zhuan: "Samsung, Shenye. Samsung is in the sky and can get married. "

Jian Zheng: "Samsung is also called Antares." According to careful study, the three stars mentioned in the three chapters of this poem mean that the three constellations appear in turn at different times and overnight.

Chapter 1 "Samsung in the sky" refers to Betelgeuse Samsung; The second chapter "Samsung in the corner" refers to the heart of Samsung; At the end of the chapter, "there are three stars at home" refers to a river drum with three stars. The three stars above are bright and close in the sky.

Xiaoya, Progressive Stone: "When the moon leaves the finish line, it will be torrential." Mao Zhuan: "Never put off till tomorrow what you can.

It rained when the moon left the cloudy stars. "The first quarter of the moon, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, is the rainy season in Qiu Meng.

"Xiaoya Dadong": "Weinan has a basket and cannot be fried; There is a fight in Weibei, so you can't lick wine. " "Justice": "The dustpan fights in the south, the dustpan fights in the south, and the dustpan fights in the north, so it is called the big dipper."

Ding Fengzhi Zhong Fang: "Zhong Fang, Zhi Ding, made by Chu Palace." Mao Zhuan: "Ding, the camp room is also."

Biography: "Ding, the night in the north, the star of the camp room. This star is very dark, in the middle, and summer is in October.

Then, you can build a palace, so it's called a camp. "Camp room is the name of the wall lodge and room lodge.

Zuo Zhuan: "Rowen Chen Fu." "The sun hides ice in the northern land and sees it in the west."

Hokuriku is a virtual hut, with the east point in ancient times. The western continent is the Pleiades, commonly known as the Seven Sisters cluster.

Chang 'e and Bi Qiushi both appeared in the night sky. The dragon wall is the heaven and the main national border, with China in the south and foreign countries in the north.

So the ancients often used stars to care about war. Pleiades is also known as Luotouxing.

Confucius in Shangshu said: "There is wind when menstruation is dusted, and it rains when it leaves the end." The word "wind and rain" came from this.

Generally speaking: Mars stays in Antares. Mars is in the heart.

Wang Bo's preface to Wang Teng-ting: "Things are treasures, and the dragon light shoots the bull market." Bullfighting is similar to two stars.

Zou Yang's "King Liang in Prison": "Taibai eats coffins." Venus covers the Pleiades.

Su Shi's "Thousand Red Cliffs Fu": "Xiao Yan, the moon rises above the East Mountain and lingers between bullfights." Du Fu's "To Wei Ba Chu Shi": "When friends meet, it is as difficult as the stars in the morning and evening."

Participating in the west, business in the east, can not appear in the air at the same time. Zhang Heng's Four Fu Xuan: "The barrier of view falls in the north."

Li Bai's "Army Song of General Sima": "The stars in the north shine, and the heroes in the south are like clouds and thunderous." The abbreviation of the Northern Clan Sect, Bright Star, symbolizes the Yulin military gate that defends the North.

The north gate of ancient Chang 'an was called Beiluomen. Han Yu's three-star tour: "When I was born, the moon was fighting in the south and the cows were fighting.

2. Who can recommend a book about astronomical phenomena, A Brief History of Astronomy, also known as Dan Zi Yuan's Song of Treading in the Sky? This is an astronomical book that can be studied more. The interesting thing about A Brief History of Astronomy is that the author compiled it in the form of China's unique seven-character poems and seven-character songs, and each sentence rhymes. Judging from the text of the article, you can travel in the sky with the author's brilliant pen. The editor is not only rich in astronomical knowledge, but also proves that ancient China literati really read poetry books. This description of starry sky full of Chinese flavor is quite different from the feeling of western astrological articles. The three walls of "Shi Tian Wall, Taiwei Wall and Wei Zi Wall" are mainly composed of angle, temple, house, heart, tail, dustpan, kui, building, stomach, wing, wall, hook, Shen, well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang and wing.

It is still the theory of evolution in Huai Nan Zi, but the theory of evolution in Huai Nan Zi tends to Taoism. Besides space, the astronomical view depicted is also mixed with the concept of time. It also contains the rhythm of describing yin and yang. Gong, Shang, Yu Shengjiao,,,,,,. . . And so on. The calculated news has a strong meaning, and this kind of article has China characteristics and thinking. Personally, I think this ancient astronomical prose is worth reading. The above are two masterpieces recommended for your reference.

3. Is there any classical Chinese that records the ancient people's understanding of the phenomenon of day and night? In the eyes of the ancients, nature is mysterious, celestial bodies are mysterious, and mysterious forces dominate the world in the whole universe.

All kinds of natural phenomena are controlled by gods, and these gods have names, such as the name of the wind Lord, the name of the rain Lord in Fei Lian, the name of the cloud Lord, the name of the moon Lord, and the name of Wangshu China, one of the earliest countries in the world. Agricultural production needs accurate farming time, so people naturally have to observe the astronomical phenomena very diligently, and ancient astronomical knowledge has developed accordingly. Eclipses have been recorded in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions.

There are records about stars and astronomical phenomena in Shangshu, Shijing, Chunqiu, Zuozhuan, Guoyu and Erya. "Historical Records" lists the official books, and "Hanshu" also lists "Tianzhi", which is a chapter devoted to discussing and recording astronomical phenomena.

We now know some common basic astronomical concepts in ancient books, which is undoubtedly helpful to improve our ability to read ancient books. Seven policies (seven obsidians): The sun, the moon and Jin Mu are five stars.

Golden wood fire, water and earth are the five planets actually observed by the ancients, also known as the five latitudes. Venus: Ancient star, also known as Taibai, is silvery white and extremely bright.

In The Book of Songs, Zheng Feng, a female crow, said, "Zi Xing looks at the night and the stars are shining", "Martin, Dongmen Yang" and "Faint for a while, the stars are shining", which means Venus. Venus is called Qi Ming at dawn in the east and Chang Gung Memorial at dusk in the west.

The Book of Songs, Xiaoya Dadong, is also about Venus. Jupiter: the ancient name of nian, also known as nian.

In the twelfth year, the Lunar New Year runs around the sky and passes through a certain starry sky area every year, so the date can be set according to the itinerary of the Lunar New Year. Mercury: Also known as Chen Xing.

Mars: an ancient name. Saturn: an ancient name for revitalizing or filling stars.

Precession: Due to the slight influence of the gravity of the sun and the moon on the equator of the earth, the earth's axis makes a conical motion around the ecliptic axis, and slowly moves westward, circling for about 26,000 years, and at the same time makes vernal equinox move westward at a speed of 50.2 seconds per year. This phenomenon is called precession.

Yu of the Jin Dynasty first determined the more accurate age difference in China, and reached the conclusion that "fifty years recede by one degree", which advanced the time of distinguishing sidereal years from solar years in Chinese calendars. The earliest calendar for calculating precession was Zu Chongzhi's Da Li Ming.

Sanyuan: Ziweiyuan, Taiweiyuan and Tianshiyuan. When you see the sky above the north in the Yellow River Basin, other stars around you gather into an area based on Polaris, which is called Ziweiyuan.

The ancients believed that Ziwei Garden was the location of the Emperor of Heaven. Outside Ziwei Garden, the star area north of Zhang Yi is Taiwei Garden.

The star-shaped area north of the jumping point at the end of the room is the Shi Tian Wall. Du Fu's "Autumn Sending Stone to Xue Mingfu": "Purple is slightly near the big horn, and the emperor rides on it."

Arcturus, the bright star in the northern sky, was regarded by the ancients as the throne of heaven. Xi (Xi): the grade of the stars. This concept does not refer to a star, but to a collection of several adjacent stars.

Twenty-eight Hostels (House and Star): Twenty-eight Star Zone. The ancients observed the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars with the stars as the background. The relative position between the stars was relatively stable, so it can be used to observe the position of the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars.

After observation, the ancients successively chose 28 stars (all stars) near the equator of the ecliptic as coordinates, which are called 28 nights, that is, the seven nights of the Oriental Black Dragon: horn, sound, fork, room, heart, tail and dustpan. Seven nights in northern Xuanwu: fighting, cattle, women, air, danger, houses and walls.

Seven nights in the West White Tiger: Kui, Lou, Wei, Chang, Bi, Gou and Shen. Seven nights in South Suzaku: well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang, wing and bird.

The ancients imagined the seven nights of each side as four kinds of animals, that is, four elephants. Similar to westerners, they associate constellations with animal images. )

Literary works related to Twenty-eight Lodgings include: The Book of Songs, The Wind in July, and Full of Fire in July. "Tang Style Prepare for the Future": "The reward is good, and Samsung is in the sky."

"Samsung is in the corner." "Three stars are at home."

Mao Zhuan: "Samsung, Shenye. Samsung is in the sky and can get married. "

Jian Zheng: "Samsung is also called Antares." According to careful study, the three stars mentioned in the three chapters of this poem mean that the three constellations appear in turn at different times and overnight.

Chapter 1 "Samsung in the sky" refers to Betelgeuse Samsung; The second chapter "Samsung in the corner" refers to the heart of Samsung; At the end of the chapter, "there are three stars at home" refers to a river drum with three stars. The three stars above are bright and close in the sky.

Xiaoya, Progressive Stone: "When the moon leaves the finish line, it will be torrential." Mao Zhuan: "Never put off till tomorrow what you can.

It rained when the moon left the cloudy stars. "The first quarter of the moon, in the Western Zhou Dynasty, is the rainy season in Qiu Meng.

"Xiaoya Dadong": "Weinan has a basket and cannot be fried; There is a fight in Weibei, so you can't lick wine. " "Justice": "The dustpan fights in the south, the dustpan fights in the south, and the dustpan fights in the north, so it is called the big dipper."

Ding Fengzhi Zhong Fang: "Zhong Fang, Zhi Ding, made by Chu Palace." Mao Zhuan: "Ding, the camp room is also."

Biography: "Ding, the night in the north, the star of the camp room. This star is very dark, in the middle, and summer is in October.

Then, you can build a palace, so it's called a camp. "Camp room is the name of the wall lodge and room lodge.

Zuo Zhuan: "Rowen Chen Fu." "The sun hides ice in the northern land and sees it in the west."

Hokuriku is a virtual hut, with the east point in ancient times. The western continent is the Pleiades, commonly known as the Seven Sisters cluster.

Chang 'e and Bi Qiushi both appeared in the night sky. The dragon wall is the heaven and the main national border, with China in the south and foreign countries in the north.

So the ancients often used stars to care about war. Pleiades is also known as Luotouxing.

Confucius in Shangshu said: "Menstruation is wind when dusting, and rain when leaving the end." The word "wind and rain" came from this.

Generally speaking: Mars stays in Antares. Mars is in the heart.

Wang Bo's preface to Wang Teng-ting: "Things are treasures, and the dragon light shoots the bull market." Bullfighting is similar to two stars.

Zou Yang's "King Liang in Prison": "Taibai eats coffins." Venus covers the Pleiades.

Su Shi's "Thousand Red Cliffs Fu": "Xiao Yan, the moon rises above the East Mountain and lingers between bullfights." Du Fu's "To Wei Ba Chu Shi": "When friends meet, it is as difficult as the stars in the morning and evening."

Participating in the west, business in the east, can not appear in the air at the same time. Zhang Heng's Four Fu Xuan: "The barrier of view falls in the north."

Li Bai's "Army Song of General Sima": "The stars in the north shine, and the heroes in the south are like clouds and thunderous." The abbreviation of the Northern Clan Sect, Bright Star, symbolizes the Yulin military gate that defends the North.

The north gate of ancient Chang 'an was called Beiluomen. Han Yu's three-star tour: "When I was born, I stayed in the south in the month, and it was difficult for cows to compete.

4. It is recorded in the ancient astronomical name "Historical Records and Tianguanshu": "There are five stars in the sky and five elements on the ground." Therefore, the "five elements" with five stars are the names of water, gold, fire, wood and earth that are still in use today. Because these five planets cross evenly in the sky, similar to latitude, they are collectively called "five latitudes". "Five latitudes" and "five stars" are also called "five obsidians".

1, Shuiyao

Mercury, called "Chen Xing" in ancient times. It is the closest planet to the sun in the solar system. When observing "Mercury" from the earth, it usually appears on both sides of the sun, and the distance from the sun is always kept within 30 degrees.

The "degree" here is an ancient unit in China, and about 30 degrees is an "old". There is a saying of "Twelve Chens" in the 21st Century of New Tang Dynasty, so Mercury was named "Chen Xing" according to the movement distance.

"Mercury" is difficult to observe with naked eyes, because "Mercury" has the smallest orbital radius. It is an inner planet and usually crosses the sky with the sun. The strong light of the sun eclipses "Mercury", and only a few days a year can successfully observe "Mercury" with the naked eye.

2. Jin Yao

Venus, called "Taibai" in ancient times. Because its reflected light is bright white, it is the brightest one on the planet. Its silvery white light is more dazzling than the light blue Sirius at its brightest.

The Book of Songs includes Xiaoya and Gu Feng's Zhi Da Dong; "There is Qi Ming in the east and Chang Gung Memorial in the west." Qi Ming and Chang Gung Memorial here seem to be two different stars. In fact, they are all "Venus". What is visible before sunrise is called "Qi Ming", and what is visible after sunset is called "Chang Gung".

3, fire obsidian

Mars, known as Ying in ancient times. Because the soil and rocks on the surface of "Mars" are red, its reflected light is light fire red, similar to fluorescence; In addition, "Mars" is the first extraterrestrial planet, and its relative movement with the earth will change its self-viewing direction on the earth, which is confusing.

There is a record of "fluorescence retrograde" in the 11th Chronicle of the Later Han Dynasty, so ancient people in China called it "fluorescence". "Mars" is the most similar planet to the Earth and the closest. Mars once reached a very close distance from the earth, which provided a good opportunity for its observation.

4. Mu Yao

Jupiter, also known as the "year star" in ancient times. It is named after passing through a "star time" in the zodiac every year (that is, a "time" in a year). According to ancient astronomical observations in China, Jupiter's operating cycle is twelve years. If the zodiac is divided into twelve parts, each part is called "times", then Jupiter passes through "times" every year, which is called "annual trip".

The "twelve o'clock" here are: Jixing, Feng Xuan, Loulou, Girder, Stone God, Quail Head, Quail Fire, Quail Tail, Shouxing, Fire and Analysis Wood. "Jupiter" is the largest known planet in the solar system, and its "Great Red Spot of Jupiter" was once a famous puzzle in astronomy.

5.obsidian

Saturn, called "revitalization" in ancient times. Saturn, as measured by ancient China people, has been orbiting the sky for about 28 years. Passing through one of the "twenty-eight hotels" on average every year, it seems to be stationed in the "twenty-eight hotels" in turn, which is called "one night in the ancient town", so it is called "Saturn" as a town star.

In addition, Saturn is also called "filled star", in which "filling" and "town" have the same meaning and should be a common word. Saturn's first magic is its "ring". From the earth, it seems to have two "ears".

Sogou encyclopedia-Lindera root

5. Find the name of the ancient strange astronomical phenomena, and add 50 points to your satisfaction. 1, Mars stays in Antares.

"Fudge" refers to Mars, which was called "Fudge" in ancient China because it is like a fire, and its whereabouts are uncertain. But in the East and the West, Mars is regarded as the representative of war and death.

Huo Ying is also called Red Star, Penalty Star and Law Enforcement. Some people think that Mars is called suspense in the east, justice in the west and Mars in the south. All the astronomical phenomena of "Mars stays in Antares" have happened ***38 times in history. All the records of "Mars stays in Antares" recorded in the history of China are ***23 times.

2, five-star gobang

Five-star renju, also known as "five-star gathering". In ancient times, water, gold, fire, wood and earth appeared on the same side of the sky at the same time. This phenomenon does not happen often, so the ancients once thought it was a good omen.

Step 3 be eclipsed

A solar eclipse, also known as an eclipse, is when the moon moves between the sun and the earth. If the three are in a straight line, the moon will block the light from the sun to the earth, and the shadow behind the moon will just fall on the earth. At this time, the solar eclipse happened. In folklore, this phenomenon is called Tiangou Food Day.

Eclipses only occur at the new moon, when the moon and the sun are in harmony. Eclipses are divided into partial solar eclipse, total solar eclipse, annular solar eclipse and total solar eclipse. When observing the solar eclipse, you can't look directly at the sun, otherwise it will cause temporary blindness and even permanent blindness in severe cases.

Step 4 be eclipsed

Eclipse is a special astronomical phenomenon, which means that when the moon moves to the shadow of the earth, the area between the moon and the earth will be blocked by the earth because of the sunlight, and the moon will be missing.

In the Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng had discovered some principles of lunar eclipse. He thinks that the earth walks in front of the moon and blocks the sunlight. "Day in a hurry, light often source, hidden in the ground. It is called darkness, the stars are faint, and the moonlight is eclipsed. "

5. Comets

Comets have been recorded in ancient China, and they have been given names such as comet, comet and comet. The most reliable record began to appear in the Spring and Autumn Annals: "In the autumn and July of the fourteenth year of Duke Wen of Lu, a star entered the Beidou." The fourteenth year of Lu Wengong was 6 13 BC, which is the earliest record of Halley's comet in the world.

The average period of Halley's comet orbiting the sun is 76 years, and it appears huge and bright. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the late Qing Dynasty, * * * appeared and recorded 3 1 time. Among them, Records of the Five Elements of Han Dynasty is the most detailed record in the first year of Emperor Yan Yuan (BC 12).

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-five-star gobang

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Baidu encyclopedia-solar eclipse

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Baidu Encyclopedia-Mars stays in Antares

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Baidu encyclopedia-eclipse

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Baidu encyclopedia-comet

6. China Ancient Astronomical Books A Brief Introduction to China Ancient Astronomical Masterpieces China Ancient Astronomy gave birth to a wealth of astronomical classics with its brilliant achievements. Ancient astronomers wrote many famous chapters with their knowledgeable pen and ink, leaving us a very precious astronomical legacy.

Calendar is an important part of ancient astronomy in China, which includes not only the arrangement of years, months, days, hours and solar terms, but also the movement of the sun, the moon and planets, the appearance of eclipses, shadows, leaks and stars, the division of the sky and so on. Therefore, the ancient calendar in China has the nature of today's astronomical calendar.

Xia Zhengxiao is one of the oldest books in existence, and it is said to be an almanac of Xia Dynasty (about 2 1 century BC to16th century BC). It records the knowledge that people determine the farming season by observing the astronomical phenomena and phenology.

It was originally an article in "Big Wear Li Ji" and later spread as a separate book. According to research, the text is only over 400 words.

As far as astronomical knowledge is concerned, it records the monthly astrology in the order of twelve months, such as the stars that appear in the south in the morning and evening, the handle direction of Beidou, the position of the Milky Way in the sky, and the position where the sun reaches among the stars. In addition, there are monthly meteorological, phenological and agricultural activities to be done.

For example, "In the first month, when the sting begins, the bow can be seen, and bucket handle hangs down at the beginning ..." Here, "Ju" and "Shen" are all star names, and "bucket handle" is the handle of the Big Dipper. Whether this book is an almanac of the Xia Dynasty is still inconclusive in academic circles, but it was written at the latest in the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC to 476 BC). According to the astronomical phenomena reflected in the book, there are obviously materials from earlier times.

Since the Han Dynasty (205 BC-220 AD), there have been complete and systematic calendar works, including about * * * calendars 100 published and unpublished in various historical dynasties, most of which are included in the Annals of the Twenty-four Histories, which is a treasure house for studying China's calendars. Now choose a profile.

"San Li", Liu Xin (? -23), generally considered to be based on the calendar written by Deng Ping, Luo and others in the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 104) with a slight modification. This is the earliest complete calendar in existence, and the basic contents of later calendars are generally available at this time.

There are seven sections in the "three calendars": mother unification, mother training, five steps, unified skills, training skills, old-age skills and world classics. The basic constants and calculation methods of the movement of the sun and the moon include the tropic year, the length of the first lunar month, the number of months in a year, the solar eclipse cycle, the first lunar month and the calculation methods of solar terms. The basic constants and calculation methods of the walking star, including rendezvous period, operation dynamics, infection law, planetary position prediction, etc. The calculation method of star age is discussed. Shi jing talks about archaeological chronology.

The "Three Calendars" also clearly stipulates that a leap is set in a neutral month, and a "Shangyuan" is chosen as the starting point of the calendar. These contents of these three calendars have a great influence on later calendars, and some of them are still in use today.

Qian Daxin (1728- 1804), Li Rui (1773- 18 17), Dong Youcheng (1791-/. The Dry Elephant Calendar was written by Liu Hong (about 135-2 10) in the 11th year of Jian 'an (AD 206).

It has made new progress in the study of the moon's movement. It first proposed the movement of the perihelion (perihelion) of the moon, so as to calculate the perihelion length, and worked out the monthly departure table day by day in a perihelion month. It first proposed that the intersection angle between yellow and white was six degrees (and a number), and it first proposed the calculation method of the food limit in copulation calculation, which had a great impact on the calendars of later generations. Huang Liji was written (544-6 10) in the fourth year of Renshou (A.D. 604) of Emperor Wendi, and was not published.

Considering the non-uniformity of the apparent motion of the sun and the moon, Huang calculated the three moments of the rendezvous of the sun and the moon and established the equidistant quadratic difference interpolation method. In order to obtain the fixed-month correction value at any time, the formula of quadratic difference interpolation method in any interval is established.

This plays an important role in the history of astronomy and mathematics in China. Interpolation methods for calculating the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars in later calendars mostly inherited Huang's method and continued to develop. Great Yan Li was written by one monk and one party (683-727) in the 15th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and was later compiled by Chen (667-730). Published in the seventeenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 729), it was used in the tenth year of Tianbao (AD 75 1 year).

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (AD 733), it was introduced to Japan and used in Japan for nearly a hundred years. Da Yan Li is well-structured and well-organized. * * * There are seven calendars, and the specific calculation method is described.

In addition, there are 12 calendar discussions (including three short examples) to talk about the theoretical problems of calendars. It was a paper written by Da Yanli, commonly known as Da Yanli Discussion. The formulation of the Great Yan Li started with the manufacture of instruments, and the basic astronomical data were determined through actual observation, which is a scientific method.

After the establishment of the Dayan calendar, we have a correct and comprehensive understanding of the uneven motion of the sun and the moon. Through practical observation, the fallacy of "one inch difference, 108 thousand miles" has been broken for thousands of years.

In the calculation method, the unequal interval quadratic difference interpolation method in Dayan Calendar is improved compared with that in Huangji Calendar. The chronology was written by Guo Shoujing (A.D. 1280) in the 17th year from Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty and published the following year.

Dali in the Ming Dynasty continued to use its method, which was used for more than 360 years before and after. It was the longest calendar in ancient times and reached its peak in astronomical data and calculation methods. The calendar of China's classical system ends here. Later, the introduction of western astronomical knowledge affected the compilation of calendars.

The first and second chapters of Chronicle of Service in the existing Historical Records of Yuan Dynasty were re-edited by Guo Shoujing on the basis of Wang Xun's first draft (1225- 128 1). At that time, although the Chronological Calendar had been published, various data tables and stepping algorithms had not yet been finalized.

In the 18th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 128 1), Wang Xun died unfortunately and was presided over by Guo Shoujing alone. Compared with the whole class, he was neatly divided into two volumes.

* * * There are seven parts, which are similar in content to Da Yan Li; However, the three-time difference interpolation method with equal interval is used to calculate the five-star position of the sun and the moon, and the sagittal tangent circle method and spherical triangle method are used to calculate the right ascension and declination of the sun according to the yellow meridian. These two methods are in the history of astronomy.

7. What does this classical astronomical phenomenon in China mean? It's all about white rainbows passing through the sun. As the name implies, a white rainbow passes through the sun. There are many images of military disasters in ancient China. "Hundred Macros" is a soldier, "Day" is a monarch, and "Hundred Macroscopic Days" shows the danger of monarch. Japan has a similar statement. I still remember that this astronomical phenomenon appeared in Far Time and Space. At that time, Abe said that it was "someone rebelled."

Bai Changhong wears the sun. The ancients believed that if there were extraordinary things in the world, it would cause this change in the sky. In fact, this is not a rainbow but a halo, which is an atmospheric optical phenomenon.

The source "Warring States Policy Wei Zesi": "Nie Ci, and Bai Hongguan." "Historical Records, Biography of Lu Zhonglian, Zou Yang": "Jing Ke's intentions are in the past, Bai Hongguan, and the prince is afraid of it."