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Who told me the difference between M 16 and AK47?

M- 16 rifle

The M 16 automatic rifle is the second-generation standard rifle changed by the United States after the Second World War, and it is also the first small-caliber rifle officially included in military equipment in the world. This series of automatic rifles mainly includes M 16, M 16A 1 and M 16A2.

1957, a few months after the American army equipped the M 14 7.62mm rifle, it formally proposed to design a new gun. The M 16 automatic rifle was designed by Eugene M. Stoner, a famous American gun designer. At that time, two American companies competed to develop a rifle to launch it, and one of them was Amar Park Jung Su. The company improved its designed AR- 10 7.62 mm rifle into an AR- 15 rifle that fired 5.56 mm bullets. 1957 Amar Park Jung Su company won the bid for the design scheme. Satisfactory results have been achieved in Aberdeen proving ground. According to the test results in cold areas, some improvements have been made to the AR- 15 rifle, such as strengthening the barrel, allowing the gun bore to shoot with water, increasing the trigger holder and shooting with gloves. 1962, the U.S. air force purchased 8,500 AR- 15 rifles for the first time to equip the airport security forces, and named them M 16 rifles. 1964 the army officially equipped the gun.

The M 16 rifle exposed many problems on the battlefield in Vietnam. The most important thing is that the chamber is seriously polluted and the jamming failure rate is high. In view of the problems existing in the battlefield, Amar Park Rongsu Company improved the gun and named it M 16A 1 Rifle. 1967 finalized, 1969 has been heavily equipped with the us military.

After the selection test of NATO small-caliber rifles in 1977~ 1980, it is determined that Belgian SS 109 type 5.56 mm bullets are NATO standard caliber bullets, while M 16A 1 type rifles can only use American M 193 type 5. In order to unify NATO caliber and further improve the combat performance of rifles, Colt Manufacturing Company improved the M 16A 1 rifle. 1982, the United States marine corps purchased 200,000 improved M 16A 1 rifles for the first time and named them M 16A2 rifles. 1984 In March, the US Army officially announced the adoption of the M 16A2 rifle.

The M 16 series rifles are equipped in 55 countries and regions, including Australia, Chile, Dominica, Haiti, Italy, Jordan, Japan, Indonesia, South Korea, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, New Zealand, Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Viet Nam and Taiwan Province Province of China.

design feature

M 16 series rifles are characterized by small caliber, light weight, high shooting accuracy, strong continuous combat capability and good killing effect within the normal range of rifles (400 meters). Lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys and plastics and advanced processing and manufacturing technologies are widely used.

M 16 rifle adopts the working principle of air duct. This kind of gun is different from ordinary pneumatic rifles. It does not have a piston assembly and a gas regulator, but uses an air duct. After the bullet is fired, the gunpowder gas enters the airway at high speed through the air guide hole and directly enters the air chamber between the gun rack and the gun bolt. The sealing ring on the bolt prevents the gunpowder gas in the air chamber from advancing, so the rapidly expanding gas pushes the frame backwards. After the frame completes the free stroke, the unlocking helicoid on it interacts with the locking guide post of the lock tongue to unlock the lock tongue in the right direction, and then the frame drives the lock tongue to continue to move backward together.

① ① ① Characteristics of M16 rifle

The gun is mainly composed of an upper shell assembly, a lower shell assembly and a bolt assembly. The upper shell assembly comprises a barrel, a sight, an air duct, upper and lower guard plates, a muzzle flame arrester, a barrel connecting hoop, a dust cover, a handle, an upper shell and the like. The lower shell assembly comprises a gunstock, a grip firing and launching mechanism, a safety mechanism, a return spring guide tube, a return spring, a lower shell and a shell connecting sleeve, etc. Bolt-frame assembly includes loading handle, bolt locking guide post and its fixing lock, bolt, shell lifter, frame, etc.

The firing mechanism is hammer rotary. The striker has no striker spring. When firing, the firing pin hits the tail end of the bolt with an annular protrusion to ensure the normal protrusion of the firing pin. During the unlocking process, the annular partition on the frame drives the striker to move backwards. Before the frame re-enters but does not complete the free travel after locking, the annular partition restricts the striker from moving forward, and can only fire after the machine gun is locked.

The launching mechanism only has single shot and continuous shot, not three shots. The trigger holder can be opened downwards, which is convenient for soldiers to shoot with leather gloves/cotton gloves. The reducer handle has three positions: single shot, continuous shot and safety. By changing the position of the reducer handle, the launching mechanism can directly control the hammer.

The fixed triangular straight butt, square guard and handle of the gun are all plastic, and many important parts are aluminum alloy.

② The characteristics of m16a1rifle.

The M 16A 1 rifle is an improved version of the M 16 rifle. The main improvements are as follows: the gun bore is chrome plated, and the reentry spring guide tube (also called buffer) is redesigned to reduce the firing rate and prevent it from rebounding and unlocking during locking action; Because the M 16 rifle has no pull handle, an auxiliary locking device is added to the right rear end of the shell, which consists of a row of fine teeth on the right side of the shell frame and an auxiliary push handle extending from the right side of the shell. Its function is that when the bolt cannot be completely locked due to failure, the shooter can push it by hand. M203 40mm grenade launcher can be hung under the barrel, which has point and surface killing ability.

③ ③ Characteristics of M16A2 rifle

The M 16A2 rifle is an improved version of the M 16A 1 rifle. The main improvements are as follows: the heavy barrel with greater rigidity is adopted, and the winding distance is changed from 305 mm to 178 mm, which can fire Belgian SS 109 5.56 mm bullets and improve the effective range and long-range killing power; A three-beat mechanism is added, which can be single-shot and three-shot, or single-shot and continuous shooting; The instrument can adjust the height and direction deviation at a distance of 800 meters; The downward opening of the muzzle flame arrester is cancelled, which can restrain the muzzle from jumping up during shooting and eliminate the ground dust in the muzzle area during prone shooting; A shell guide plate is added behind the shell throwing opening on the right side of the shell, which can prevent the shooter (left) from hitting the face when throwing the shell; The wooden guard was changed from square to round, and the radiator was improved. The wooden guard is ribbed and easy to grasp. The stock and grip are made of high-strength nylon; Equipped with portable detachable tripod to improve the shooting stability in prone position.

Aiming mechanism

M 16 series rifles adopt mechanical sight, which is installed on the vertical triangular sight base, and the scale is installed in the handle of the gun rack.

M 16/M 16A 1 rifle adopts cylindrical sight, L-shaped scale and shutter, and the scale is divided into 0 ~ 300m and 300 ~ 500m.

The M 16A2 rifle uses a cylindrical sight and a double-hole camera ruler. The large hole is used for short-range shooting within 200m, and the small hole is used for long-range shooting. The optical sight can also be mounted on the handle.

ammunition

M 16/M 16A 1 rifle uses M 193, M777 5.56mm ordinary bullet, M 196, M778 5.56mm tracer bullet and m199 5.55. The M 16A2 rifle uses SS 109 5.56 mm bullets (that is, NATO bullets), and M 193 5.56 mm bullets and other 5.56 mm bullets can also be used.

M 16 automatic rifle specifications:

Origin: USA

Category: rifle with optional shooting mode

Diameter: 5.56 mm (0.223 inch)

Ammunition: 5.56×45 mm NATO standard rifle bullet, 0.223 Remington bullet.

Magazine capacity: 20 or 30 movable magazines

Bolt: Pneumatic rotary bolt

Overall length: 100.6 cm (39.5 inches)

Barrel length: 508 mm (20 inches)

Firing rate: 750 to 900 rounds per minute, recyclable.

Initial speed: 975 m/s (3,200 ft/s) and 884 m/s (2,900 ft/s).

Effective range: 550 meters (600 yards)

ак-47 is автоматкалашников of Russia.

primary data

Origin: Soviet Union/Russia

Type: assault rifle, automatic rifle

Diameter: 7.62 mm

Ammunition: 7.62× 39mm м 1943 medium-power bullet.

Magazine capacity: 30 rounds

Lathe: air guide, rotary locking bolt

Empty gun weight: 4.3kg.

Full length: 870 mm (fixed stock type); 645 mm (folded paper type)

Aiming at the baseline: 378 mm

Barrel length: 415mm

Rifles: 4, right-handed, with a winding distance of 240mm.

Rate of fire: 600 rounds per minute

Muzzle kinetic energy: 1980 J

Initial velocity: 7 10 m/s

Effective range: 300 meters

Scale range: 800 meters

Sight: cylindrical sight, according to the U-shaped notch of the door.

Brief introduction of firearms

1946, on the basis of his 7.62× 39mm м 1943 semi-automatic rifle with powerful bullets, Kalashnikov designed a sample gun (named акк-46) which can be fired repeatedly. The rotary lock gun he designed became the later designed ак. In the same year, I took the shooting range selection exam. After a series of tests and improvements on the air guide device and piston system, ак-47 was designed. After strict testing in sand and mud environment, it was selected as Soviet standard equipment in 1947, finalized in 1949, officially put into mass production, and produced in Izhevsk military factory. 195 1 year, the former Soviet army was equipped with semi-automatic carbine to replace simonov. In 1953 ак-47, the production method of shell is changed from stamping process to machining process. ак-47 began to equip a large number of Soviet troops. The AK-47 equipped by the Soviet Union was replaced by its improved AKM in the late 1950s. From 1950 s to 1980 s, ак-47 series is the standard equipment of the former Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries. After the ак-74 series with 5.54mm caliber was equipped with the former Soviet army in the1980s, the ак-47 series gradually withdrew from the Soviet standard equipment.

ак-47 assault rifle is an automatic rifle. Compared with the rifles in World War II, the rifle has a shorter body and a shorter range, which is suitable for short-range assault operations. The air duct is located above the barrel, and the bolt is driven by the piston. Turn the locking bolt. 7.62 mm caliber, 7.62×39 mm M 1943 medium-power bullets are fired, and 30-round arc magazine is used for ammunition. The safety/quick release handle is located on the right side of the magazine, and the semi-automatic or full-automatic firing mode can be selected. The pull handle is located on the right side of the magazine. The bolt of ак-47 works reliably, and its mechanical structure can ensure its continuous work even if foreign objects such as dust enter the gun continuously. It can also maintain quite good performance in extremely harsh environments such as desert, tropical rain forest and severe cold. It is said that in the Vietnam War, it was put into the water for several weeks, then it was taken out of the water and loaded with bullets. It can still shoot. But also simple in structure and easy to decompose; Easy to clean and maintain, good service; Simple operation. The main disadvantages of ак-47 are that the muzzle jumps seriously during automatic shooting, the back seat of the gun rack hits the bottom of the shell, the short barrel leads to a short aiming baseline, and the design of the sight is not ideal, which affects the shooting accuracy. 300 meters away can't guarantee accurate shooting, continuous shooting accuracy is lower. In fact, it can meet the requirements of close assault operations, mainly in encounters.

The improved акм (втоматкалашнир) is in 1959. At the same time, the materials are further synthesized by stamping and welding processes, so that the weight is reduced, the production cost is low, mass production is facilitated, and the failure rate is low except that the hour hand is occasionally broken when the shell is disassembled.

ак-47 series rifles became famous in the Vietnam War in the11960s, and ак-47 and its China imitated the North Vietnamese regular army and guerrillas on a large scale. This automatic weapon is trusted by soldiers in the jungle environment. During the Vietnam War, it is said that many American soldiers abandoned the heavy-duty M 14 automatic rifle or the frequently-broken M 16 automatic rifle which was not suitable for the harsh conditions in the tropical rain forest, and used the ак-47 rifle captured by Vietnamese soldiers instead, just because the ак-47 series rifles were extremely reliable, easy to control and had intensive firepower.

The Soviet Union exported ак-47 series rifles and their manufacturing technology to all parts of the world. ак-47 series rifles are widely used by the military or anti-government forces in many third world countries and even western countries because of their amazing reliability, simple structure, durability, good quality and low price, and flexible and convenient use. In some areas, all parties to the conflict are happy to use а-47. In addition, many countries in the world have carried out imitation or licensed production, including East Germany, the former Yugoslavia, Hungary, China (China's imitation model has long been called Type 56 assault rifle), Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Egypt, Cuba and North Korea. 2 1 century is still in production. The design idea of ак-47 has also influenced the design of infantry light weapons in Israel, Finland, China and other countries, such as Israel's Galil assault rifle and China's 8 1 automatic rifle. ак-47 series rifle is one of the most widely used rifle weapons. Its breadth may only be comparable to that of Mao Se rifle and Colt revolver in the history of light weapons. Kalashnikov, on the other hand, is also known as the "world gun king" because of the wide use of ак series rifles in the world.

disadvantage?

ак-47 series rifles are the most dazzling stars in the rifle ranks in the 20th century, but they are the products of the 1940s. In terms of performance, it also has many shortcomings: the winding distance of ак 47 barrel is too small, the shape of M43 bullet is not good, the bullet is too stable when it hits the target, and the killing effect is not good.

Development history

1944, Kalashnikov designed a semi-automatic carbine, which fired 7.62× 39mm м 1943 intermediate powerful bullet. The piston and piston rod are fixed together, but not connected with the machine gun frame. The magazine capacity is 10 rounds, and the air duct is located above the barrel. This gun adopts the rotary locking of the bolt. This locking method directly refers to the American M 1 Garland rifle. However, the rotating head on this semi-automatic carbine has been improved by Kalashnikov, which is longer and faster, greatly increasing the reliability of the locking mechanism.

The development of AK-47 actually started from this seemingly unrelated semi-automatic rifle. The further improvement of this carbine locking mechanism has become the core part of all automatic weapons developed by Kalashnikov from 1945 to 1990. After more than 50 years of practical application, this system has proved to be very reliable, so it is also called Kalashnikov system.

This semi-automatic carbine model 1945 is an improvement of semi-automatic carbine model 1944, with the same basic features, and the tubular drawgun handle is located at the upper right. The magazine design has changed. But the air guide cavity above the barrel is a bit like SKS semi-automatic rifle in simonov, and the shape of the air guide device has some clues of AK-47.

1946, Kalashnikov began to design assault rifles. Based on this semi-automatic carbine, a fully automatic rifle was designed and sent to participate in the national shooting range selection test. The sample gun is called AK-46, which means 1946 automatic rifle. The air guide device and bolt machine are basically the same as the semi-automatic carbine originally designed, which adopts stamping riveting shell, and the launching mechanism has two types: single shot and full automatic, and the iron is repeatedly stuck on the trigger; The entrance of the 30-round arc magazine is under the magazine, the safety/quick release handle is on the left side of the magazine, the pistol grip, stock, front grip and guard wood are all made of wood, and the muzzle brake is cylindrical.

The working principle of AK-47 experimental model is the same as that of AK-46, but the difference is that the piston, piston rod and gun body are integrated together for the first time-fixed together with screws. The case is stamped, the front of the case is fixed to the barrel, and the safety/speed handle is placed on the right side of the case for the first time. There is no adjusting device in the air guide chamber, and the puller handle is on the right side. AK-47 No.2 test gun is characterized by changing the design of air guide chamber, piston and piston rod. When the air guide hole is prolonged, the powder gas entering the air guide chamber increases. There is a vent hole between the lower part of the airway and the cylinder, and the piston rod has four grooves. Muzzle brake is changed into double-cavity structure. No.3 test gun changed the design of the air guide cavity, so that the cylindrical air guide piston was completely sealed in the air guide cavity, and the piston rod had four grooves. Adopt a new muzzle brake.

AK-47 assault rifle (model 1) was finalized, and/KLOC-0 was officially put into production in 1949. This weapon was developed for mechanized infantry. In the same year, the Soviet army officially adopted AK-47. This model has no bayonet, and the case and many accessories are produced by stamping process. The advantages of stamping process are less material consumption and high production efficiency. Many people refer to this early AK-47 as "model 1" to distinguish AK-47 produced by 195 1 and 1953.

195 1 experimental type (type 2) is produced in 195 1. The main change is to change the production mode of the casing from stamping to machining. The advantages of mechanical milling machine box are relatively strong, but the disadvantages are relatively heavy, material consumption is high, production cost is high and production efficiency is low. To produce such a milling machine box with a weight of less than 0.65kg, it actually needs 2.65kg of steel at the beginning. The launching mechanism, butt stock and grip have been strengthened, and a single-edged bayonet has been added. This newly produced AK-47 is called "Type 2", but the output of Type 2 is very small, and it was quickly replaced by Type 3.

AK-47 (model 3) was finalized in 1953, which mainly improved the connection mode of model 2 gun stock, especially simplified the processing method of shell, and was convenient for mass production. The official name of this model is "7.62mm light Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK)", that is, "7.62mm light Kalashnikov assault rifle", and many people call it "Model 3". It is worth noting that no matter what the purpose of changing to mechanical processing mode is, the type III milling box is lighter than the type 1 punching box. In addition, the third type of improvement also includes a magazine. The new magazine made of light metal also enhances its strength and can be interchanged with the original steel magazine. In addition, the connection mode of gun stock has been simplified and strengthened. These series of improvements make the overall weight of the assault rifle lighter than that of the 1 model, while the ballistic performance is completely consistent with that of the 1 model.

design feature

AK-47 assault rifle is reliable in action and in good service. Durable, low failure rate; Simple structure and easy decomposition. However, the muzzle jump is serious when shooting repeatedly, which affects the accuracy; Compared with small-caliber rifles, the system has a large mass and is not easy to carry. The gun is equipped with a fixed wooden bracket and a folding metal bracket.

The barrel of the gun is connected with the shell by thread, the rifling part is 369mm long, and the barrel is chrome plated. The shooting performance is very good at both high and low temperatures. The shell is machined from forgings. The magazine is made of steel or light metal and can be interchanged in all weather conditions.

The firing mechanism is hammer rotary, and the firing mechanism directly controls the hammer to realize single shot and continuous shot. The launching mechanism is mainly composed of a frame, a fail-safe device, a stopper, a trigger, a reducer, a single-shot rod, a hammer, a fail-safe stopper and the like. The speed machine is located on the right side of the gun. When the reducer is set in the automatic position, the rear protrusion of the click iron block is pressed by the lower protrusion of the reducer and cannot rotate, so the hammer cannot be buckled. At this point, the firing resistance iron buckles the hammer and becomes a fired state. After the trigger is pressed, the iron block releases the hammer, and the hammer rotates and fires. After that, as long as the trigger is pulled, the firing resistance and the single-shot resistance can't hold the hammer, and only the bamboo shoots that are not in place can resist the hammer groove. When the frame retracts in place and the transmission rod of the safety stop iron is pressed, the stuck bamboo shoots are separated from the clamping groove of the hammer, and the hammer rotates and emits. Repeat the above actions in the future to realize continuous shooting. When the reducer is set in the semi-automatic position, before the first bullet is fired, the iron block buckles the hammer and becomes a state to be struck. After the trigger is pressed, the hammer is released and the single-shot iron rotates forward together. If you hold the trigger, the hammer will be overwhelmed by the gun rack and held by the single iron after firing. At this time, because the frame has not been put back in its original position, the transmission rod of the safety block is raised, and there is a gap between the bamboo shoots and the hammer groove. When the frame is put back in its original position, the hammer will be buckled by the single-shot iron. If it is fired again, the trigger must be released first to release the single-shot iron from the hammer, and then the hammer will be buckled by the firing iron and ready to fire again. If the frame is not repositioned, the locking of the bolt is uncertain. At this time, it is not safe to release the bamboo shoots extending from the frame, so the bamboo shoot retaining iron cannot be separated from the hammer groove. Therefore, even if the trigger is pressed, the hammer cannot rotate forward, thus forming a misplaced safety. When the handle of the reducer is in the highest position, its lower protruding part abuts against the right side of the protruding part at the rear end of the trigger and the single-shot iron block, so the trigger will not be pulled, and safety is realized. If the hammer is in the position to be struck at this time, and there are bullets in the chamber, the hammer cannot be released because the trigger cannot be pulled, thus forming a rear safety. If the hammer is in the firing position at this time, because the trigger can't be pulled, the stopper can't rotate forward, and the hammer is blocked by the stopper when it falls backward, so the frame can only sit backward for a short distance, and the bullets in the magazine can't be pushed into the chamber, thus forming forward safety.

The gun aiming device adopts mechanical aiming device and is equipped with night vision aiming device. Both the cylindrical sight and the U-notch photo door of the scale have reversible accessories, which contain the fluorescent substance radium 22 1. The scale is divided into 100 ~ 800 m, one is divided into 100~800m, and the combat scale is set to 300m m, but when aiming with the sight, you can only twist the sight up and down to correct the height, but you can't correct the wind deviation. Moreover, when shooting at night, the sight wing is often mistaken for the sight.

master cast

(аксс-47 (AKS): the model with foldable metal material. The folded stock is 645 mm long. For airborne troops, tanks and special forces. акм/акмс: stamping and welding processes are widely used for parts, and the shell is manufactured by stamping process instead of machining process, and the weight is reduced to 3. 15 kg. A hammer deceleration device is added to the trigger assembly to eliminate the possibility of not firing when the needle hits the bottom fire of the bullet. A simple oblique-cut muzzle anti-jump device is installed at the muzzle to improve the dispersion accuracy during continuous shooting. акмс is the model of акм folded stock. рпк: A squad light machine gun developed on the basis of акм assault rifle. RPK is short for Kalashnikov light machine gun. It uses an extended barrel, a folding tripod, 40 magazines and 75 magazines to hold ammunition. The weight is 5.6 kilograms.

Other related

There used to be a saying that the AK-47 was designed by copying the German Stg44 assault rifle, and the evidence was that they were similar in appearance. But in fact, the basic structure and principle of Stg44 and AK-47 are quite different. It's just the similarity of contour projection. The most similar place between Stg44 and AK-47 is the design concept, but at that time, only Stg44 was the only reference with mature technology and a lot of practical experience. AK-47 is an innovative rifle, which has both the essence of predecessors and the designer's own technical nature.

/kloc-there was a quip in the 1970s: "The United States exported Coca-Cola, Japan exported Sony, and the Soviet Union exported AK47". According to the statistics of the former Soviet Union, 90% of the ак-47 series automatic rifles in the world are imitations, and only about 10% belong to the former Soviet Union.

ак-47 was once a gangster's favorite gun. In the past, police guns in Hong Kong were mainly used for defensive purposes, so they were only equipped with a.38 pistol. Later, Ji, and other bandits continued to commit crimes in Hong Kong and were equipped with a powerful ак-47 automatic rifle, which once left the police at a loss. Later, after increasing firepower and strengthening the cooperation of various departments such as intelligence, the situation reversed and the criminals were brought to justice.

/kloc-During the 1980s, American drug criminals often used the ак-47 series rifles, which also appeared frequently in fictional TV series. The psychological impact on the public led the United States to ban the import of ак-47 series rifles in 1989 on the grounds that it possessed several so-called "offensive weapons".