What kind of communication satellites can be used to communicate with areas beyond the poles when conducting scientific investigations in the Antarctic or the Arctic?

Available: polar orbiting satellites; Low-orbit constellations, such as iridium and global satellites, communicate with other regions.

Note: Because the polar regions are located at the north and south poles of the earth, they cannot be covered by geostationary satellites, so they cannot communicate with other regions through geostationary satellites. At present, there are two main types of satellites covering high latitudes: polar orbit satellites (lightning orbits) and low-orbit constellations. Polar orbiting satellites, such as Sirius Broadcasting System in North America, cover North America through three polar orbiting satellites; Russia is located near the North Pole, and it also uses polar orbiting satellites to cover its northern territory (the North Pole and South Pole can also do the same). Generally, three polar orbiting satellites can form a constellation similar to a geostationary orbit satellite, which is like a synchronous satellite over the polar regions relative to ground users. The other is the common mobile satellite communication system at present, such as low-orbit satellite constellations such as iridium system (66 satellites of iridium system constitute seamless coverage of the earth's surface).

For more information about the mobile satellite communication system, please visit Baidu or Google.