What are the grafting methods of vegetables?

(1) docking requires that the stem diameters of the two rootstocks are similar. After the rootstock emerges, the two cotyledons are flattened, and grafting begins when the true leaves are exposed. First, remove the true leaves, growth points and lateral buds of the rootstock with a blade or bamboo stick, and then cut a bevel with a stem thickness of about 1/2 with a blade on the narrow side of the flat stem 0.5 cm below the growth point. Melon was cut upward at 1.5 cm below the growth point, and the length of the slope of the cut between melon and rootstock was about 1 cm. The incision of rootstock and scion should be flat, and the flat section is beneficial to wound healing. Insert the incisions of the two plants into each other, cross the cotyledons of the two plants and fix them with grafting clips. At the same time, the roots of melon are buried in the nutrient bowl of rootstock, and the roots of two plants are separated by a certain distance, which is beneficial to the root cutting of melon in the future (figure 19). The grafting technique is simple, the scion with root is not easy to lose water and wilt, and the grafting survival rate is as high as 98%, which is suitable for beginners. The disadvantage is that grafting clips or plastic strips are used to fix the grafted seedlings. When the grafted seedlings are mature, it is very heavy to cut off the hypocotyl at the lower part of the melon incision to remove the grafting clip. The knife edge is close to the ground and is easily infected by germs.

Figure 19 Schematic diagram of abutment (2) Insertion requires that the rootstock stem is thicker than the scion stem. The two cotyledons of rootstock are flattened, and the grafting period is suitable when the diameter of the first true leaf is 2 ~ 3 cm. First, the growing point of the rootstock and a pair of lateral buds are cut off with a blade, and then the bamboo stick is inserted obliquely 45 degrees from the core to form an oblique wedge-shaped hole, the depth of which does not penetrate the epidermis of hypocotyl, and the bamboo stick is faintly visible, and the depth is about 0.8 cm. Be careful not to insert the bamboo stick vertically into the hollow of the stem, otherwise the main root of melon will easily grow adventitious roots downwards, forming a "fake live seedling". Don't pull out the bamboo stick. Then, at the position of 1 ~ 1.5cm under the cotyledon of the scion, a single wedge surface is obliquely cut downward at an angle of 30 degrees with a blade. The blade should be flat, and the length of the cut should be roughly the same as the depth of the jack. Take out the bamboo stick, insert the scion section downward into the hole, so that the direction of the scion cotyledon is the same as that of the rootstock cotyledon, and lean against the rootstock cotyledon. The plug-in interface is high from the ground and is not easy to be infected by bacteria in the soil. In addition, it does not need to be fixed or cut off, saving manpower and time. However, due to the small interface area, the scion is easy to fall off, which requires high technical requirements for operation.

Fig. 20 Inserted schematic diagram (3) Splicing method: firstly, remove the growing point of the rootstock, and cut vertically downward from one side between two cotyledons of the rootstock with a blade, with a depth of about 1cm. It is suggested not to cut into the hollow part of pith cavity, perpendicular to the horizontal line of cotyledons, and be careful not to split the whole hypocotyl, otherwise cotyledons will be difficult to droop and bundle. Then the scion was cut from both sides of cotyledon hypocotyl to form a double wedge, and the length of the cut was about 8 mm Insert the cut scion into the incision of the rootstock so that the scion is horizontal and aligned with the surface of the rootstock, and fix it with a clip or stick it with adhesive tape (Figure 2 1). The advantages of this method are not strict requirements on the age of rootstock and scion seedlings, high survival rate, fast grafting speed, eliminating the trouble of scion root cutting, high interface and convenient post-planting management.

Fig. 2 1 splicing schematic diagram prompt board

Cucumber seedlings must be wrapped with wet towels to keep moist, and put into a small arch shed as soon as possible after grafting to prevent water loss and wilting. No matter which grafting method is adopted, when cutting the scion and rootstock incision, try to cut it at one time to ensure that the section is smooth and burr-free, and at the same time keep the incision clean, which is beneficial to wound healing.