On "Four Beauties in Guanzhong" in Tang Dynasty from Shangguan Waner's View

The "four beauties" here refer to Wu Zetian, Shangguan Waner, Wu Huifei and Yang Guifei. Everyone is familiar with Wu

On "Four Beauties in Guanzhong" in Tang Dynasty from Shangguan Waner's View

The "four beauties" here refer to Wu Zetian, Shangguan Waner, Wu Huifei and Yang Guifei. Everyone is familiar with Wu Zetian and Yang Guifei. In reality, there are also relics such as Ganling, the tomb of the imperial concubine and Huaqing Pool. Neither Shangguan Waner nor Wu Huifei. Before their tombs were discovered, they only existed in history books. Most people know them from film and television dramas. Whether they exist or not, there may be a question mark in my heart.

In 2006, Xi 'an public security department cracked a major case of robbing an ancient tomb, and the final appraisal was completed on 20 10. The owner of the mausoleum is the famous Wu Huifei in history. The excavation of Shangguan Waner's tomb brought the talented woman Shangguan Waner to the world.

From the dry tomb of Wu Zetian in Ganxian County, to the tomb of Yang Guifei in the west of Xingping City 12km, to the tomb of Shangguan Waner near Anyang International Airport, and then to the Jingling of Wu Huifei in Changan District, four "beauties" form a special picture of Guanzhong beauty. It is special because "four beauties in Guanzhong" is a unique and special phenomenon in the history of China. They all belonged to the Tang Dynasty, and they all entered the power center of the Tang Dynasty as concubines, which are inextricably linked with each other. Shangguan Waner is not only the person around Wu Zetian, but also the revenge of killing her father. Wu Huifei was the daughter of Wu Zetian's nephew, and later became a favorite of Tang Xuanzong, the grandson of Wu Zetian. Wu Huifei is also Yang Guifei's mother-in-law. Unexpectedly, Yang Guifei became her husband's beloved princess again.

They experienced five emperors, Li Shimin, Li Zhi, Li Xian, Li Dan and Li Longji, and experienced the rule of Zhenguan and the prosperity of Kaiyuan. One of them became the only orthodox female emperor in the history of China. /kloc-for 0/00 years, they have written magnificent chapters in Guanzhong, which not only influenced history, but also influenced today. Although Ganling has not been excavated for the time being, Wu Zetian lay in the mysterious Ganling and made people talk about it with a powerful tablet without words 1000 years. Shangguan Waner and Wu Huifei were "dug up" in the form of archaeology or non-archaeology, which made the history in ancient books suddenly become so real today; Although Yang Guifei is a tomb of clothes, her legend has never stopped.

The tomb of Shangguan Waner has caused a huge psychological gap among the public.

The tomb of Shangguan Waner is located not far from the northwest of Xi Xianyang International Airport. The staff guarding the tomb said that since the media reported, people have been coming one after another, and some children even "climbed over the wall" and threw firecrackers inside without being allowed to enter.

The reason why the excavation of tombs has such a great influence is that this figure is so famous in history that even his name is so beautiful. Tending to entertain historical figures. No wonder there are too many jokes now. Many people are familiar with Shangguan Waner, mostly from film and television dramas. According to incomplete statistics, at least seventeen or eighteen actresses have played Shangguan Waner, including Li Bingbing and Zhong Xintong (now renamed Gillian Chung).

It can be said that every man has a Shangguan Waner in his heart, and every woman has a Shangguan Waner in her heart. For more than a thousand years, this fantasy of Shangguan Waner has not changed. And all the fantasies were visualized at the moment of 20 13 in this ancient place called "Hongduyuan". However, when everything suddenly materialized to this point, there was a huge gap in the public's mentality.

This is because there are not many murals in the tomb that many people want to see. They are colorful and rich in content, which can give people a glimpse of the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty and even the private life of the hostess. There are no precious cultural relics here that can satisfy everyone's curiosity, only a pit as deep as 10 meter, a few ordinary pottery figurines and a cold epitaph.

People expect to get some clues to solve historical mysteries from epitaphs, but they are also disappointed. On the contrary, the tomb has everything, not only murals, but also huge stone pagodas. One of the similarities between the two tombs is that the beauty's bones are no longer there. This makes countless people who want to peep at the beautiful scenery by restoring their bones to their original colors lose their illusions.

So, how should we treat the "nothing" of Shangguan Waner and the "existence" of Wu Huifei? How should we face history and historical figures?

The purpose of archaeological excavation is to protect the information of historical and cultural remains as much as possible. For archaeologists, existence is value, and non-existence is also value. As long as it exists, there must be a reason. The biggest job of archaeology is not simply to dig up treasures, but to interpret the historical information hidden behind it. So, what kind of information does the tombs of Shangguan Waner and Wu Huifei convey to us?

What message does the "nothing" in Shangguan Waner's tomb convey?

Shangguan Waner is undoubtedly an outstanding politician. During the Wu Zetian period, she participated in the drafting of the memorial and government decrees, which became the political core of the Wu Zhou Dynasty. During Tang Zhongzong's period, she could continue to be reused and specially drafted imperial edicts, which showed her political talent and literary accomplishment. What is even more rare is that she can handle complicated political situations with ease and display her political talents, which is by no means a simple matter.

But politics is sometimes a double-edged sword, especially when Shangguan Waner becomes Tang Zhongzong's concubine. This special identity attribute not only provided her with many conveniences, but also became her deadlock. When Li Longji became a prince, it was time for her and many others to take a curtain call.

Judging from the tomb of Shangguan Waner, it has a high specification, with five patios and no "degraded burial". At the same time, although there are painted walls in the tomb, there are no murals. According to her "positive second product" specification, this is not equal. Although experts speculate that her tomb has been destroyed, there are no colorful traces of murals, which is worth pondering. It can be said that her tomb has all the grandeur on the surface, but there are still many things inside.

Although Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, killed Shangguan Waner, he quickly collected and sorted out twenty volumes of Shangguan Zhaorong Collection. From the specifications of the tomb and the collection of its poems, we can see that all parties have affirmed Shangguan Waner's talent and contribution. These signs also show that at that time, all aspects of politics were mature, and the trip to go was here.

To understand a historical figure or a dynasty, it is more important to understand its spiritual strength while understanding its actions. We went back to see Wu Zetian from Shangguan Waner.

She killed Shangguan Waner's grandfather and father, and at the same time, she saved this person who had no mortal enemy with her and entrusted him with reuse. What kind of spirit and mind is this! If Shangguan Waner wants to poison or assassinate, there are at least countless opportunities. Wu Zetian certainly understands, but what she values more is Shangguan Waner's talent. In order to cherish talents, she took risks. Therefore, it is not difficult to imagine why the imperial examination system was fully developed during the period of Wu Zetian, although it was not invented by Wu Zetian. It can be said that Wu Zetian's greatest good governance is talent policy. At the same time, we will carefully examine Shangguan Waner. The owner of her service has killed her father, Chou He. What made her stop the flame of revenge and do her best to help her enemies?

Wu Zetian had a long preparation and preheating before reaching the summit.

We have to pull our vision back to that special time and space background to interpret.

Meng Man, an associate professor in the history department of Minzu University of China, has two orientations for Wu Zetian. First of all, Wu Zetian was a thorn in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty has a history of more than 280 years and was intercepted by Wu Zetian. 15 years, the Tang Dynasty changed to Zhou Dynasty, which was an interruption for Li Tang. Since it is a thorn, it is naturally uncomfortable to prick it. But at the same time, Wu Zetian was a flower of the Tang Dynasty. Whether it is a thorn or a bustling flower, Wu Zetian can make a shocking move, and there must be a lot of preheating and bedding before. She is definitely not a person of birth.

Before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and we often said that "five ethnic minorities were careless about China". At that time, after the five ethnic minorities entered the Central Plains, the ideological field was further opened, especially the field of women's ideas was relatively loose and diverse, such as women being masters of their own affairs and making appearances.

Moreover, one of the characteristics left over from the Northern Dynasties is that talented women have more or less political needs. For example, there were several queens in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Even so in the Sui Dynasty, the wife of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Empress Dugu, was even worse. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty had five children, all of whom were born to the lonely queen. Although you are the king of a country, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty has never had children with any woman except the Queen Dugu, which shows the means of Dugu. Dugu is not only the master of the harem, but also goes to court with Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, which is the embryonic form of Wu Zetian. During the period of Emperor Taizong, although the eldest grandson claimed not to participate in state affairs, she often used the ancient metaphor to "admonish" the emperor and beat him at any time.

It is such a long time of preparation and preheating that the social atmosphere has been constantly broken, and the society has this endurance, and women have confidence in this respect. So, Wu Zetian finally reached the top. After Empress Wu Zetian, many women also wished they could be the emperor's throne, such as Princess Taiping, Wei Ruyun and Princess Anle. At least everyone thinks this can be done, which was not done in the past. How could you do that? Although no one could take the baton until the end of the feudal dynasty, it did not affect the wave after wave of progress of these women.

Of course, a large number of men like Di Renjie and women like Shangguan Waner gathered around them. For the same ideal of life, they can endure or even give up the revenge of killing their father. It can be said that everyone's ideals have reached a high degree of consistency.

Who do you love more, Wu Huifei, Yang Guifei and Tang Xuanzong?

Wu Huifei was only 1 1 years old when Shangguan Waner was executed by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and Yang Guifei was born nine years later. And this person who executed Shangguan Waner later became one of them.

When it comes to Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei may come to mind first. In fact, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also had a favorite concubine, and that was Wu Huifei. People who once existed only in historical classics or film and television dramas came into our field of vision because of a grave robbery case.

Its tomb is located in Pangliu Village, Chang 'an District, Xi 'an. It was once called the ancient tomb of Pangliu Village. Although Wu Huifei's "Jingling" was recorded in the literature, it was not until it was visited by grave robbers that the specific location was found. In her tomb, there is a huge sarcophagus besides exquisite murals. The sarcophagus was sold to the United States by grave robbers, and 20 10 was recovered and handed over to the cultural relics department by the police. This is also the first time that China has successfully recovered the national-level precious cultural relics with the largest volume and the best color.

Because the tomb was stolen, it is very important to identify the owner of the tomb and the cultural relics. Lin, then head of the cultural relics appraisal team of the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, presided over the cultural relics appraisal work at that time. They think that the artistic level of this kind of sarcophagus is higher and larger than those unearthed from the tombs of Prince Tang Yide, Princess Yongtai and Joan Di Li Xian, so the specifications should be higher. Later archaeological excavations also unearthed a memorial book, which talked about the pursuit of Zhenshun Queen. In addition, some other important circumstantial evidence was collected, and it was finally determined that it really belonged to the Jingling of Zhenshun Empress in Tang Dynasty.

Although Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty had a romantic life and many concubines, Wu Huifei and Yang Guifei were the only two among thousands of favorites. So people often ask: Which one does Li Longji love?

From the point of view of birthright, although they are all "concubines", the actual effect is quite different. According to the concubine system of the Tang Dynasty, there were three concubines under the empress, namely the imperial concubine, the Shu concubine and the De concubine, while the "Hui concubine" was added for Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, which Yang Guifei did not enjoy. In addition, after Wu Huifei's death, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made her queen. This has been verified from the cultural relics such as memorial books unearthed from Wu Huifei's tomb, and Yang Guifei obviously has no such honor. Besides, in the Mawei Shiva mutiny, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty was able to give Yang Guifei a gift of death. Although he was helpless, it at least showed that he did not love her deeply, and Yang Guifei did not have a commemorative seal after her death.

Wu Huifei is a master of melody. Xu Tao, then a member of the Cultural Relics Appraisal Group of the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, said that Wu Huifei and Tang Xuanzong had deep feelings for each other because of their musical similarities. A few years after their death, Xuanzong found Yang Guifei. Yang Guifei's talent in music and dance made Tang Xuanzong see the shadow of Wu Huifei in her. Perhaps this is the real reason why Tang Xuanzong likes Yang Guifei, not just her beauty. It can be said that there would be no Yang Guifei without Wu Huifei.

Wu Huifei followed Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for twenty years, which is profound. She gave birth to four men, three women and seven children for Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, which was also the most prolific among concubines of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. The first child is a boy. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was overjoyed and named him "Men in Black". He was a well-deserved first favorite, but he died not long after, and was chased by Emperor Xuanzong as "King of Xia Ai". The second one is also a boy. Everyone said that he was "picturesque", but he died in infancy. The grief-stricken Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named him "the king of mourning". The third one was a girl, but she still couldn't escape the tragic fate. She soon became a "fairy", and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty chased her as a "fairy princess". A mourning, a mourning, a fairy, shows the sadness of Xuanzong and Wu Huifei in Tang Dynasty.

But they didn't give up. Soon, Wu Huifei gave birth to another boy, named Li Mao. In order to pave the way for Li Mao to be a prince, Wu Huifei framed three other sons of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, but he was pardoned by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Ironically, after Wu Huifei's death, not only did Li Mao not become a prince, but her princess Yang Yuhuan, the future Yang Guifei, soon became the new favorite of Tang Xuanzong, and her mother-in-law and daughter-in-law served the same man. So some people say that Wu Huifei's greatest achievement is that he chose Yang Guifei for his son.

Entertainment of historical figures is the biggest violation of truth.

Only Wu Zetian lived 865,438+0 years, Shangguan Waner lived 46 years, Wu Huifei lived 38 years and Yang Guifei lived 37 years respectively. Yang Guifei is different from the first three beauties. The top three are all politicians, and Yang Guifei is not involved in politics, but even so, she is still under politics.

When it comes to the above four beauties, many people always talk about their private lives and ignore others. In fact, understanding historical figures must be analyzed in a special historical background, and entertainment is the biggest violation of truth.

Simei is like this, and so is Datang. Perhaps our understanding of Datang is far from enough. After all, this is the most powerful time in ancient China, and it is also the most precious memory of Chinese civilization. This is the particularity of Xi 'an. Many known and unknown historical heritages remind us all the time that history happened here and it is all true.

Yu once said that Ann should take the responsibility of letting people all over the world know about the culture of the Tang Dynasty, and archaeology is one of the best perspectives, and nothing is more wonderful than history. Archaeology, let us have a further contact with history, the opportunity to understand history.

And it all starts with respecting the land under our feet.