That's where I came from.

Lao Tzu's hometown is settled in Lu Yi.

Laozi's hometown is Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province. There are both ancient documents and unearthed cultural relics as evidence, and the geographical location of the investigation is completely close. At the same time, it also proves that the statement that Laozi's hometown is in Yang Guo is not sufficient.

Keywords: Lao Zi's hometown Lu Yijie

Ancient and modern scholars have put forward many opinions on the location of Laozi's hometown. Among them, Liu Pangsheng's theory (KLOC-0/998) is the most conclusive and widespread, while his theory is the most confusing and fallacious (Sun 2002, 2003). This paper re-demonstrates Lu Yi's theory from four aspects, but Yang Guo's theory is untenable.

First, the literature is faithful and there are signs.

The record of Laozi's hometown was first found in Sima Qian's Historical Records and Biographies of Laozi. It reads: "I am also from Qurenli, Li Xiang, Chuku County." Chu is the ancient Chu State, Ku County is now Luyi County, (or Lai Township) is Taiqing Palace Township in the east of the county, Qurenli is Taiqing Palace Town, and the township government is located today. This is irrefutable evidence, and it has lasted for generations. For example, Guku County is now Lu Yi, and there are several public and private works.

Historical Records: "Ku County belongs to the State of Chen. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu destroyed Chen, and suffering belonged to Chu, so it was a bitter county. In the eleventh year of Emperor Taizong, Huaiyang State was established, involving both Chen County and Ku County. Today's inspection of Geography is really Huaiyang County. "

Historical justice quoted chronology: "Huaiyang State and Jingdi were abolished for three years. By the time the History of Heaven and Han Dynasty was revised, Wang Chun, a poet of Chu, was Peng Cheng, almost the same. Doubt and bitterness belong to Chu at this time, so Tai Shigong wrote it. "

Tongdian County: "The real source is the ancient bitter county, where I was born."

Ku Di Zhi: "Ku County is at the boundary of Guyang County in Bozhou. There are Laozi's house and temple, and there are nine wells in the temple, which are also in zhenyuan county, Bozhou today. "

"Historical and Geographical Evolution Table" Volume 25: "Suffering, Han belongs to Huaiyang State, and the later Han belongs to Chen State. In the Three Kingdoms period, it was still called Ku County. In the third year of Jin Dynasty, it was renamed Guyang. The first year of Tang Ganfeng was renamed Zhenyuan. The first year of Jianyuan was renamed Yuan Xian, and the first year of Shenlong was renamed Zhenyuan. In the summer of the seventh year of the Song Dynasty, Dazhong Xiangfu was renamed Weizhen. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Wei Zhen entered Lu Yi and later moved to Lu Yi, belonging to Bozhou. "

"Yuanhe County Map" Volume 7: "Zhenyuan County, now the bitter county of Chu, belonged to Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period, and was later merged by Chu. Korea belongs to Huaiyang country. Ku County at the end of Han Dynasty belonged to Chen State. Jin Shu, Emperor Cheng changed his name to Guyang and entered Wuping County. In the sixth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty, Guyang County and Li Ku were established, belonging to Bozhou. "

"The territory of past dynasties represents the country of Huaiyang in Han Dynasty": "Kujun is a Ku county in Li Chu, east of Luyi County 10."

The ancient books cited above all take Laozi as an ancient county person, and record the track of the name change and the evolution of the ancient county: Deer belonging to Chen Guoming in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and before (now Xinji Township, Lu Yi) →→→ Ancient county of Chu State in the Spring and Autumn Period → Ancient county of Huaiyang County in the Western Han Dynasty → Ancient county of Chen State in the Eastern Han Dynasty → Ancient county in the Three Kingdoms Period → Renamed Guyang County in the Jin Dynasty → Withdrawing Guyang County from Beiqi to Wuping County → Suiguyang County → Tang Dynasty.

There are also several ancient books that record Guli Township (or Lai Xiang Township and Lai Xiang Township) as follows.

History of the Han Dynasty: "Suffering ... depends on hometown." He quoted Fu Tao's "Northern Expedition" as saying "there is a temple of Laozi" and "there is a Quren ceremony and a ceremony of Laozi" in the ancient history examination.

"Jintai Kangdi Ji": "In the east of Ku County, there is Lai Xiang Temple, the birthplace of Laozi."

Zhu Tao's Miscellaneous Works and Biography of Immortals: "Laozi is from Qurenli, Lai Township, Chuguoku County."

"Yuanhe County Records" Volume 7: "In the first year of Ganfeng (Tang Dynasty), Gao Di was fortunate that Xuanyuan was here, so he changed to zhenyuan county".

Historical Records records: "Laozi Temple is the old house where Laozi was born."

"Historical and Geographical Evolution Table" Volume 25: "Bitter, in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a hometown of wrasse, where I lived."

"The territory of the past dynasties represents the country of Han, Huai and Yang": "I was born in Guxian, and I belonged to Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period; After Chu destroyed Chen, suffering returned to Chu. "

All the above records in detail that Laozi is from Li Xiang, Lai Xiang or Guxian County, Lai Xiang. According to textual research phonology, "Lai, Lai and Li" is a phonetic change, and "Li Xiang, Lai Xiang and Lai Xiang" are actually synonyms of the same place. The history of this place name can be traced back to Shang Dynasty. At that time, in the east of Luyi County, there was a small country-Lai (Lai, Li). After Zhou destroyed Shang, Lai returned to Chen. However, some people think that Lai did not exist in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Chunqiugong 15" says: "Chu people cut Xu" ("Xu" is about 50 miles northwest of Sixian County, Anhui Province); "In autumn and July, Qi Shi and Cao Shi cut down trees." Zuo Zhuan said, "Autumn, save Xu Ye." Huidong's Zuo Zhuan Bu Zhu holds that Zuo Zhuan Huan 13 is based on the theory of Hui in Shan Li Store in Sui County, Hubei Province. Wang Fuzhi's Shu Shu takes this as another achievement, that is, Li Xiang in Guxian County. According to the geography exam today, it can be proved that Xu Zhishi was saved by Qi. In addition, the unearthed bronze "Lu Da Situ Secret Inscription" says: "Lu Da Si (Division) Zhong Bai Zha's disciple (Li) and his concubine Li (mother)". The word "Li" in the inscription is a duplicate of "Li", which Guo Moruo thinks is the national title suitable for the eldest daughter of Lu Dasituo. Traditionally, the address structure of women in the Spring and Autumn Period was "ranking+father's surname" before marriage, and changed to "husband's country name+father's surname" after marriage. The inscription "Li" is the title after marriage: "Li" is the husband's country name, "Meng" means "big brother" and "Ji" is the surname of Lu Guogong. It is recorded in Notes on Water Classics that "Vortex water flows eastward to the southwest of Guxian County, which is divided into two branches, and the branches flow northeast and enter Laicheng Valley, which is called Death Valley", "Vortex water turns northeast and flows west, and valley water is injected into it", and "Vortex water flows eastward and southward". There are still obvious sites in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and there is another Li Daoyuan. According to historical records, "Li" (or "Lai" or "Sese") in the Spring and Autumn Period should have two places: one is today's Taiqing Palace, which is the capital city and the hometown of Laozi. Please see, "Tai Kang Di Ji" says that "there is a shrine in the east of the county where Laozi was born"; "The Jade Emperor Records" says "Laozi Temple, the old house where Laozi was born"; "Historical and Geographical Evolution Table" says "Bitter, Lai Xiang has Lao Zi's family"; The Collection of Historical Records quoted the National Records as saying that "the ancient county is at the boundary of Guyang County in Bozhou, and there is the Laozi House Temple"; "Yuanhe County Records" said, "In the first year of Ganfeng, Emperor Gao was lucky and Emperor Xuanyuan was here, so he changed to zhenyuan county"; Tang Priest preached "Preface to Guang Hongming Collection" that Chaucer was born in Li Xiang; Taiping Yuhuan Ji quoted Cui Yuanshan's Lai Xiang Ji as saying that "Lai Xiang is in (bitter) county"; "The Kingdom of Huaiyang, the representative of the territory of past dynasties," said, "I am a native of Lixiang, a bitter county. Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period; After Chu destroyed Chen, suffering returned to Chu. " The above-mentioned documents are completely reliable and characteristic today: "Lai Xiang" refers to Taiqinggong Township in the east of Luyi County, and the old unearthed "Luda Situ Secret Inscription" and the latest archaeological excavations are powerful evidence (see below).

As for "going to Renli", there is a couplet on the main entrance of Laojuntai in the east gate of Luyi County. The couplet reads: "The ancient land will be passed down to Qurenli forever, and the sky is high and close to the Taiqing Palace". As a subordinate administrative unit, Qu is now Taiqing Palace Town (the author studied and worked in this town from childhood to youth). Taiqinggong Town is located 5 kilometers east of the county seat (consistent with the records in Lai Xiang and Historical Territory Table), and its old name is "Youlong Town", which is taken from the statement of Confucius in the historical records of Laozi Biography that "seeing Laozi now is still evil for the dragon". In the northwest corner of the town, there is a highland tens of feet in Fiona Fang, which is called "Hidden Mountain" according to legend. A small river originated here, which has always been called "Lai township ditch" in the local area, running through the whole territory of Taiqinggong township. This water name coincides with the documents of past dynasties (its original word should be "seto"). As for the meaning of "going to benevolence", it may be the so-called "going to benevolence is also in twists and turns" in Bian Shao's Lao Zi Ming.

Second, local relics still exist.

Records of the Nation, Ji of Emperor Taikang, Ji of Yuhuan in Taiping, Ji of Lai Xiang, Ji of Yu Di, Ji of Yuanhe County and Historical and Geographical Evolution Table all record that there are temples and ancient houses dedicated to Laozi in Ku County, and there are still three in Lu Yi.

One is Saint Sendai in the north of the east gate of the county seat, which is called Laojuntai by the people. Built in Tianbao, Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty for 2 years, the platform is 13 meters high, which is a high altar-shaped ancient building surrounded by 14 plane. If the cylinder is angular, the top area is 765 square meters and the bottom area is slightly larger. Legend has it that Lao Tzu became immortal and ascended to heaven here, hence the name. There are 32 steps of bluestone under the gate, and the first floor in front of the main hall is exactly 33 floors, which is exactly what Lao Tzu said. Into the mountain gate, is the main hall, three rooms wide, hard-mountain building, the hall west of a hall. On the stage, 13 juniper trees are lush, with cool breeze blowing all year round and birds singing and flowers fragrant. On the central axis south of the Shanmen Gate, there are Xianqiao, Mingdao Palace, Wenchang Palace, Bajiao Pavilion, Di Fang of Youlong, and Patriarch of Wanjiao in turn. There are two plaques near the archway: the hometown of Laozi and the place where Confucius asked for gifts. On the top of the archway, it says "Legend of Ancient Land and Legend of Qu Renli", on the bottom, it says "Heaven is near Taiqing Palace", and the banner is "Ancestor of all religions". Tang Gaozu Li Yuan, Li Zhi, Xuan Longji, Huan, and great writers Su Dongpo and Ouyang Xiu all came here to worship or visit their ancestors, leaving an immortal chapter. Now there is only one official, tens of feet high, with a main hall and two auxiliary halls, and a bronze statue of Laozi is enshrined in the main hall. In its heyday, there were hundreds in front of the stage, and there used to be "Minglu Academy", which is now the location of Laojuntai Middle School.

The other two places, one is Taiqing Palace on the north side of the east gate of Taiqing Palace, commonly known as "Qiangong" among the people; Second, the "Dong Xiao Palace" in the north of Zhenbei and the north-south direction of Gangong, commonly known as the "harem". Most of the palaces and temples built by Laozi in the past dynasties are concentrated here. Since the Western Han Dynasty, Laozi's status has been continuously improved, and emperors of all dynasties worshipped him, reaching its peak in the Tang Dynasty. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Laozi was regarded as the ancestor of Taoism, and Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty sent Zuo Xun, a regular attendant, to worship Laozi there. During the reign of Emperor Yangdi, Emperor Wendi ordered Bozhou secretariat Yang to build a palace. Emperor Taizong repaired the old uterus in the first year of Zhenguan; In Ganxi, Gao Zongqin went to the Taoist Temple to go to the palace, added the title of "Emperor Xuanyuan" by Lao Zi, and built "Wei Zi Palace". In the third year of Kaiyuan, Xuanzong's book "Tao Te Ching" was engraved in the palace; In the second year of Tianbao, Wei Zi Palace was changed to Taiqing Palace, followed by Dong Xiao Palace. The two palaces are one mile apart, with a river in the middle and Huixian Bridge on the top; Covering a total area of 872 mu, there are more than 600 buildings of various types, and the halls and pavilions are dotted with splendor. The former palace is centered on Taiji Hall, with Laozi Niuchang site in the east, Yinyang Mountain site in the west and Jiubujing in the middle. There is a statue of Laozi in the main hall, and an iron column with a height of about 1.5 m and a diameter of about 25 cm stands beside the hall, which is a symbol of Laozi's office history. In the seventh year of Taihe in Tang Dynasty, Wenzong ordered Xuanwu Army to make Li Cheng and Taiqing Palace to make repairs. At that time, "Tang Gaozu, Emperor Taizong, Emperor Gaozong, Emperor Zhongzong, Zong Rui and Ming Taizu were all around the old man. Two palaces and two views, more than a thousand cypresses, more than 700 houses and 500 town soldiers. " (Du Guangting's "Taoist Efficacy") In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the emperor sent an envoy to sacrifice; In the fifth year of Xiangfu, Laozi was honored as "Emperor Shangde of Shangyuan" and the name of the palace was changed to "Mingdao Palace". After Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, February 15 was Lao Zi's birthday, the first year of Song Huizong's reunification, and February 15 was the Zhenyuan Festival, which has since become a major Taoist festival. In the twenty-fourth and twenty-sixth years of Jin Dading, dozens of large and small halls, such as Sanqing and Jade Emperor, were built successively, but they all disappeared because of the chaos of war and the diversion of whirlpool water. Yuan dynasty/kloc-rebuilt after 0/0 years, which is quite antique. Although the Ming and Qing Dynasties were rebuilt again and again, it is difficult to reproduce their former glory (Liu Yuzhen 2003).

Third, the underground evidence is conclusive.

During the period of 1997, the Henan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archaeological Team unearthed many cultural relics and inscriptions from the Zhou, Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties in Taiqing Palace Town, and found the ruins of the Song Dynasty Palace, with a total construction area of 24,000 square meters, including a building area of 3,000 square meters, twice that of the Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City. In 1980s, the Henan People's Government allocated funds for restoration, and built Taijitang, Notre Dame Cathedral, Doll Hall, fence and mountain gate. And re-carved the jade statue of the old man and placed it in Taijitang. Excavation was carried out in Yinshan site, and rammed earth buildings, sacrificial pits, horse pits and large tombs from the Spring and Autumn Period to the Shang Dynasty were found. There are three pits and four pits in the horse pit, usually four horses are buried together (so-called one bed). The horse skeleton is arranged in an orderly manner, and placed in the posture of four horses riding a cart. There are traces of bronze ornaments and belts on the horse's head, and every horse is buried with pots, pots and other pottery.

The tomb is a Han-shaped tomb with two tombs, 47.5 meters long from north to south and 7.5 meters wide. 13 bones of buried people and 1 bones of dogs were found in the tomb. There are a large number of exquisite cultural relics in the tomb, including 68 bronze containers, more than 20 weapons and tools, more than 80 jade articles, 100 ceramics and a large number of coins, shells and bones. Most of the unearthed bronzes are wine vessels, and there are many square vessels, such as Fang Zun and Fang Zi. The more special shape is a dragon-shaped canopy with three dragon cards lying on it and a reed below. Pale yellow liquid is still preserved in the wine, and the fragrance of the wine remains the same. Some bronzes have inscriptions, such as the eldest son, the eldest son's mouth and Godin. Among them, the eldest son has the most mouths, so it can be determined that the owner of the tomb should be the "eldest son". Jade has ritual vessels such as ge and Dao, ritual vessels such as walls, rings, yellow, handles and strips, and jade carvings such as cows, tigers, deer and birds. There are stone chimes, brass cymbals, bone flutes and other musical instruments unearthed, and five pieces of bone flutes, two of which are better, are the earliest flutes found in China at present, which has advanced the history of flute making by hundreds of years. According to the characteristics of unearthed artifacts and burial customs, the age of the tomb should be from the end of Shang Dynasty to the beginning of Zhou Dynasty (Liu Yuzhen 2003).

As can be seen from archaeological discoveries, as early as the end of Shang Dynasty and the beginning of Zhou Dynasty, it was the military stronghold or square country of the central dynasty, with a long history and rich cultural heritage. During the Han, Tang and Song Dynasties, it became a resort for offering sacrifices to Laozi. Only in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties did it gradually decline because of the chaos.

Fourth, there is a place to find the ancient city of Xiangxian.

After Sima Qian, historians put forward various new theories out of doubts about the classics and contempt for the ancient times: Chen Guo's theory, Chu's theory and Song's theory have long existed; Nowadays, people seem to be unwilling to lag behind, and put forward the theory of Xiang County, Kuxian County and Anhui Province (Sun, 2002, 2003) to deny the traditional theory of Taiqing. The last statement is quite confusing to the world. The following is a refutation of this statement to set the record straight.

The main basis of Yang Guo's theory is that Laozi was a favorite of the Song Dynasty, and now Yang Guo belonged to the State of Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period of Lu Yi. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Song and Chen were bounded by the Vortex River, with the Vortex in the north returning to Song and the Vortex in the south returning to Chen. The ancient "phase" was in the north of the vortex, and today Lu Yi is in the south of the vortex. Today, the site of the father of the old city of Yang Guo is the "phase" of the Spring and Autumn Period; There is a quiet palace in Yang Guo today; Xiang is, Song is, and Chen is a descendant of Shun. "Zhuangzi" contains Laozi, living in the south to see Laozi, and Pei is the land of the Song Dynasty; In the Song Dynasty, there was an old man whose surname was Lao, and so on (Sun 2002, 2003). There seems to be a lot of arguments, but the key is where is the ancient phase (county)? As soon as it became clear, Yang Guo said he would break it.

There are different opinions and even contradictions about the record that Laozi is a (county) person. It was first seen in Lao Zi Ming by Bian Shao: "Lao Zi, a native of Chuxiang County." Cui Yuanshan's Lai Xiang: "Lai Xiang is located in the southeast of the county seat 12, 5 miles west of the ancient city of Xiang Jie, Guxian County, and all the water flows into Lingxi. East into the vortex water, Xiang County is also in the east of Lai Xiang. Yuanbei of Lingxi. " In the official book, there is a record of Chen State in Houhan County: "Suffering is related to the Spring and Autumn Period", and in the Northern Expedition, it is said that "there is a temple of Laozi" and "there is a Qurenli, and Laozi is among them". Table of Historical Geography Evolution Volume 25: "Bitterness, Spring and Autumn." "Shui Jing Zhu Sewer": "The vortex bend is southeast and the bitter county is south of the city. Follwed said Lai Ling. Vortex water bends northeast to the west of Lai Xiang, and valley water is injected into it. Swirl the water north to the east of Laozi Temple. On one side of the whirlpool, there is Li Mu Temple, to the north of Laozi Temple. Vortex water bends eastward, so it is in the south of Jingxiang county, to the east, and vortex water is in the yang, so it is suspected that this city is also. Vortex water is east, Qiaoxian county is north, and Weiliqiao county. Vortex water flows east to Zhu Gui's tomb, and vortex water flows southeast, passing through Chengfu County in the north of the city. Vortex water is in the southeast ... "Based on the above quotation, it is obviously impossible to get the evidence that Lao Tzu's hometown is Yang Guo. However, since the busybodies think that there is a conclusion, let's make a textual research.

First of all, the geographical position of ancient place names in Zhu Duan cited by Bian Shao was researched one by one.

East-west distribution of 1. address

The addresses recorded in Historical Territory Table Han Huaiyang Country and Cui Yuanshan's Lai Xiang Ji can be arranged in the following order from west to east:

0.5km 7.5km 25km110km east.

Minglu is now Luyi County, Laozi Temple, Xiangxiang Old Town, Qiaoxian Old Town, Chengfu Old Town in Lai Xiang, and today's Yang Guo.

Regardless of the whirlpool in the south and the whirlpool in the north, the "Old Town of Xiangxian" in the Northern Wei Dynasty will certainly not exceed the Laozi Temple in the west and Qiaoxian County in the east. That is to say, the hometown of Xiangxian will never "fly" to Tianjing Palace in Guoyang County, Anhui Province, 70 kilometers away or at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain, which is the so-called "hometown of Xiangxian is at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain in the northwest of Suzhou and Yi Song in the Spring and Autumn Period" in the thirty-fifth volume of Jiangnan Annals.

2. About the distribution of the address vortex south and vortex north.

The addresses recorded in the literature are all near the north and south banks of the Wohe River. Among them, Kuxian, Lai Xiang, Laozi Temple, Limu Temple and Xiangxian Old Town are located in the north of the whirlpool; The old city of Qiao County and the old city of Chengfu County are both in Wonan. After the diversion from Ku County to Xiang County in Yuan Dynasty, Lu Yi and Taiqinggong Town were all in the south of the whirlpool, while Bozhou and Gucheng were still in the south of the whirlpool. However, it can never be concluded that the old towns of Kuxian and Xiangxian in the Spring and Autumn Period were in the north of the whirlpool, and now Lu Yi and Taiqing Palace are in the south of the whirlpool, so Lao Tzu's hometown is not in Lu Yi but in Yang Guo. Because the diversion of vortex water does not change their respective east-west positions, but only changes their positions relative to vortex water. Therefore, no matter whether the east-west distribution or the north-south distribution, Li Xiang, Guxian and Minglu in the west, and Qiaocheng and Chengfu in the east in the Spring and Autumn Period, it is impossible to change the east-west trend. In other words, the ancient town of Xiangxian lies between Sese and Qiaocheng. Now, it is a crucial task to find the specific location of Xiangxian ancient city between them.

3. The hometown of Xiangxian is in the vortex north near Taiqinggong Town today.

Documents consistent with Zhu's record of the geographical location of Xiang County's old city, and Cui Yuanshan's Record cited in Taiping Ji. Since it is a "record", it should be "recorded" by itself after personal experience, and its credibility and even accuracy are beyond doubt. Cui Shi said, "Lai Xiang is in the southeast of the county seat 12, and 5 miles west of Gucheng, Xiang Jie and Guxian. All the water flows into Lingxi. Entering the vortex in the east, Xiangxian is also in the east of Lai Xiang. " This clearly tells us that there were "Lai Xiang" and "Xiangxian Old Town" in the ancient county boundary at that time, and its exact location was: Lai Xiang was in the southeast of the county (city) 12, and Xiangxian Old Town was 5 miles west; The old town of Xiangxian County is located 5 miles east of Lai Xiang, only 17 miles away from the then Kuxian Academy. No matter whether "Lai Xiangdong" refers to the northeast, southeast or east, it can be concluded from a distance that this "old town of Xiangxian" is by no means an elephant county at the foot of Xiangshan Mountain 100 km away, nor is it "90 miles southwest of Suzhou today, covering the old capital of Xiangtu" as stated in the Annals of Jiangnan of the Kingdom of Huaiyang in Sikuquanshu in previous dynasties. More specifically, it is near Taiqinggong Town, the hometown of Lese. It doesn't matter whether the local people have similar surnames.

Where is the exact location of Xiangxian ancient city? Considering that the diversion of vortex water in Yuan Dynasty changed Kuxian county from vortex north to vortex south, and then carefully examining the terrain near Taiqinggong town, our eyes focused on a highland on the north bank of the vortex river. Perhaps it is because the whirlpool water was washed away by rapids when it was diverted, and it was seriously washed away by river rain in previous dynasties. Now this highland is only half a kilometer in size. Located in the northeast of Taiqinggong Town, it coincides with the old town of Xiangxian, which is "east of Lai Xiang Town" mentioned in Lai Xiang Town. Across the river from this highland is Chaozhidian Village on the south bank, about 3 li away from Taiqinggong Town, with a vortex width of about 1 km. The distance between the highland and Taiqinggong Town is consistent with Lai Xiang's records and historical territory list. Secondly, the local elders still call the highland "Ancient Yangcheng". This place name, which has been passed down to this day, not only reminds people of the fact that Cheng Kang, the emperor of the Jin Dynasty, changed his name to Guyang County in the third year, and Zhenyuan in the first year of Tang Ganfeng, but also the records of Bian Shao and Li Daoyuan that "Xiang County is barren, but now it is bitter". All these can prove that the name of "Ancient Yangcheng" is completely well-founded, and it is by no means groundless. At this point, the geographical location of this confusing "old town of Xiangxian" has finally been completely reasonable. Perhaps it is because of the geographical changes caused by the diversion of swirling water that the ancient town of Xiangxian has been lost for two thousand years, so that today's scholars mistakenly moved to Yang Guo together with Laozi's hometown because they didn't know the highland and the place names handed down from ancient times.

Secondly, the old town of Xiangxian is different from the bitter county mentioned in the historical territory table, that is, to the east of Luyi County 10, and it is also different from the bitterness recorded in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, that is, living in the hometown, and it is also different from the bitterness recorded in Volume 25 of the Historical and Geographical Evolution Table, that is, in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a Lai Xiang township where Laozi lived. That is to say, the old town of Xiangxian was the old town of Kuxian before the vortex-water diversion, and it was not until after the Yuan Dynasty that it moved to its present address-Chengguan Town, Luyi County. As for the ancient records of "bitterness, the appearance of the Spring and Autumn Period", it can only be proved to be the place name of the Spring and Autumn Period, and later renamed bitterness, which was Ku County established after the Northern Chu Expedition. At this point, we can't help but admire Mr. Gao Feng's insight: "However, it is said that Laozi is a country sage, and exploring the past is also a statement. It is said that Lao Tzu is from Kuxian county, and accordingly, that is what he said. Although the two theories are different, the two places are integrated "(liao qun 200 1). Seemingly compromised, it actually tells the truth.

The literature also shows that only Li Er was called "old gentleman", "too old gentleman", "too clear" and "too mysterious emperor" in history, and his ancestral temples, temples and shrines were also named with these words. Some people regard Tianjing Palace in Yang Guo as the temple of Laozi, and infer that Yang Guo is Laozi's hometown. There are at least three fallacies: first, the name of the temple is inconsistent with the title of Laozi in previous dynasties; Second, it was founded not earlier than the Ming Dynasty, which was inconsistent with Laozi's historical position; Third, there are many Taoist temples in the country. If we take this as an example, can we all recognize it as Laozi's hometown?