What are the original texts of Cao Cao's four poems "Out of Xiamen"?

Step out of the vertical axis of Xiamen

Brightly colored

Walking in the rain in the clouds, surpassing the height of Jiujiang.

Look at the similarities and differences, hesitate, don't know what to do?

After Jieshi, I was disappointed in my East China Sea.

See the boundless ocean

Jieshi looks at the sea in the east.

What are water (3) and mountains and islands (4)?

Trees and paraquat are very lush. Autumn wind makes trees make sad sounds, and the sea is surging.

The movement of the sun and the moon seems to come from the vast ocean.

A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected;

Han is a talented star, if you take him by surprise.

Fortunately, singing requires ambition [5].

Winter and October

In October, the north wind haunts,

It's sunny with frost.

The pheasant sings in the morning [6], and the swan flies south.

Storks lurk and bears live in caves.

Qian Qi park in place, the farm harvest.

Set the whole journey and connect with the merchants.

Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition.

Tubutong

The countryside is different. It's winter by the river.

The ship is difficult to sail.

If the cone does not penetrate the ground, it will be deep.

When the water runs out, the ice will dance.

Hermits are poor, brave and chivalrous.

The heart often sighs and complains, which makes people sad.

Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition.

Ju Chi Shou

Turtles have a long life, but sometimes.

The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust.

The old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles;

The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.

The surplus and contraction period [13] is not only in the sky;

Blessings that nourish grace can last forever.

Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition.

Overview:

Out of Xiamen is a set of poems written by Cao Cao, a writer at the end of Han Dynasty, using the old topic of Yuefu, which was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207) when the author won the Northern Expedition to Wuhuan. This group of poems is divided into five parts, starting with the overture "Yan", which is divided into four chapters: watching the sea, winter in October, strange land and turtle life. The whole poem describes the scenery around Heshuo, expresses personal ambition, and embodies the heroic spirit of the poet who is ambitious and all-powerful. The artistic conception of the work is broad and the momentum is vigorous.

Author:

Cao Cao (155-220), whose real name is Meng De, was born in Peiguoqiao (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). Politically and militarily, Cao Cao eliminated many separatist forces, unified most of northern China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, which laid the foundation for the founding of Cao Wei. In literature, under the impetus of Cao Cao and his son, Jian 'an literature represented by three Cao Cao (Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi) was formed, which was called "Jian 'an Style" in history and left a glorious stroke in the history of literature. After the establishment of Wei Dynasty, Cao Cao was honored as "Wei Wudi" and the temple name was "Taizu". For the deeds, see Volume 1 of the History of the Three Kingdoms. There are 30 volumes that have been lost. The Ming Dynasty compiled the Collection of Wei Wudi, and now there is the Collection of Cao Cao.

Explanation:

Brightly colored

I originally planned to go south to Jingzhou and give the stone to the people in the south of the Yangtze River. Faced with two different opinions about the Northern Expedition and the Southern Expedition, I hesitated and didn't know what to do. After I arrived in Jieshi, I was even more sad to see the oppression suffered by the people.

See the boundless ocean

Heading east to Jieshi Peak, you can see the vast sea from high altitude. The sea is misty and the mountain road is majestic. The trees on the island are lush, the autumn wind is rustling and the sea is surging. Swing the sea, connected with the sky, the sun and the moon seem to run in the sea, and the milky way seems to rise from the sea. Luckily, I can sing my ambition and mood with poetry.

Winter and October

In early winter and October, the north wind roared, the atmosphere was cold, the weather was cold, and the frost was thick and dense. In the morning, harriers and birds are singing, geese are flying south, raptors are hiding, and even bears are sleeping in their caves. Farmers put down their money, hoes and other farm tools and stopped working. The harvested crops are piled up in grain fields, and hotels are arranged to provide accommodation for traveling businessmen. How lucky I am to be here, reciting poems to express my feelings.

Tubutong

The countryside here is very different from the land south of the Yellow River. In the middle of winter, ice floats in the river, making it difficult for ships to move forward; The land is too cold to be pierced with an awl, and the field is barren and covered with dry and dense vines and absinthe. The river is frozen and does not flow, and there is hard ice on it, so people can walk. A man of insight is down and out, a brave man is ruthless, and he doesn't care about breaking the law at will. I sigh and resent this, and my heart is full of sadness and sorrow.

Ju Chi Shou

Although the tortoise has a long life span, it still has its end. Although Teng snake can fly in the fog, it will eventually die and turn to ashes. The old swift horse is squatting in the stable, and its ambition is still to travel thousands of miles every day. People with lofty ideals will never stop their ambition to make progress in their later years. The length of a person's life is not just determined by heaven. As long as you take care of yourself, you can live longer. Very lucky. Use singing to express your thoughts and feelings.

4. Appreciation of works:

See the boundless ocean

The first two paragraphs point out the position of "watching the sea": the poet climbed to the top of Jieshi Mountain, high above, with a wide field of vision and a panoramic view of the magnificent sea. The following ten descriptions are almost all derived from this.

"Where there is water, there are mountains and islands" is the general impression of looking at the sea at first, which is a bit like the thick line in the painting. In this rippling sea, the first thing you see is the towering mountain islands, which are dotted on the flat and wide sea, making the sea look magical and spectacular. These two sentences roughly outline the prospect of the sea, which will be described in depth at different levels below.

"There are many trees and many herbs here. The autumn wind is bleak and the waves are rough. " The first two sentences specifically describe the mountain island: although the autumn wind is bleak and the vegetation is withered, the trees on the island are lush and the grass is flourishing, giving people a poetic feeling. The last two sentences are a further description of the sentence "What is water like?". Look carefully, the sea in the bleak autumn wind is actually a huge wave, surging and undulating. Here, although it is a typical autumn environment, there is nothing bleak and desolate. Facing the bleak autumn wind, the author wrote the vastness and magnificence of the sea: in the bleak autumn wind, the sea is rough and meets the sky; The mountain island is tall and straight, with lush vegetation and no fading and sentimental artistic conception. This new realm and new style embodies his "martyr" mind.

"Travel to the sun and moon, if you go out;" If stars and Han Chinese are smart, they will come out of it. "The previous description is observed from the plane of the sea. These four sentences are related to the vast universe, presenting the momentum and strength of the sea to readers: the vast sea is connected with the sky and the air is turbid; In front of this magnificent sea, the sun, the moon, the stars and the Han (the Milky Way) are all small, and their operation seems to be freely absorbed by the sea. The sea described by the poet here is not only the real scene in front of him, but also melts into his own imagination and exaggeration, showing a magnificent atmosphere that devours the universe and is full of the trend of "five mountains rising from the ground". This kind of "cage-covered qi" is the artistic realm of the poet's "eyes" and "chest" feelings and "scenery". From the heart, if the poet had no grand political ambition, no ambition to make contributions, and no optimistic attitude full of confidence in the future, he would never have written such a magnificent poetic scene. In the past, some people said that Cao Cao's poems were "sometimes domineering" (in Shen Deqian), referring to works such as Looking at the Sea.

Winter and October

This poem was written in early winter and October, a little later than the last one. The first eight sentences are about the climate and scenery in early winter. "Yao Ji" is the name of a bird, shaped like a crane with yellow and white feathers. The north wind keeps blowing, the frost is thick and dense, pheasants are singing in the morning, geese are flying in the south, raptors are hiding in hiding, bears are sleeping in caves, and the cold reveals peace and tranquility. Write personnel in four sentences. Money and shovel are the names of two kinds of farm tools, which generally refer to farm tools here. Anti-Travel, Inn. Agricultural tools have been idle, harvested crops are full of grain fields, and hotels are being arranged to provide accommodation for businessmen coming and going. This is a very beautiful painting. This poem reflects the life of people in some post-war areas and the poet's ideal of national unity, political stability and economic prosperity. Zhu Gan said: "Winter in October tells the story of its journey, weather and phenology, and from autumn to winter." Although you are a soldier, you don't forget civil affairs. "

Tubutong

This poem is about returning to Jizhou after the Northern Expedition to Wuhuan. The land here is very different from the land south of the Yellow River. In the middle of winter, ice floats in the river, making it difficult for ships to move forward; The land is too cold to be pierced with an awl, and the field is barren and covered with dry and dense vines and absinthe. The river is frozen and does not flow, and there is hard ice on it, so people can walk. A man of insight is down and out, a brave man is ruthless, and he doesn't care about breaking the law at will. To this end, the author sighs and resents, and his heart is full of sadness and sorrow. The whole poem describes the present situation of people's livelihood and the instability of social order in Hebei Province caused by Yuan Shao's rule.

Ju Chi Shou

Zhong Rong of the Southern Dynasties wrote a poem "Poetry", which evaluated poets and distinguished grades, putting Cao Cao's poems at a disadvantage. However, Cao Cao's poems have a shocking power, which makes countless heroes fall in love with each other crazily. According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Wang Dun, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once drunk and sang Cao Cao, aiming for a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. "Wishful spittoon is a holiday, and the spout is short. It is a thought-provoking question that theorists' eyes are so different from readers' appreciation of love.

The poem praised by General Wang is the fourth verse of Cao Cao's Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen". Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao and his son at that time, pacified the North Fifth Ring Road, was full of ambition, optimistic and confident, and wrote this group of poems to express his great ambition to make contributions. At this time, Cao Cao is 53 years old and can't help thinking about the journey of life, so at the beginning of the poem, he sings with infinite emotion:

"Although the tortoise has a long life, it also has its moments, and in the end it is still dust."

"Zhuangzi Qiushui" said: "I heard that there was a turtle in the State of Chu, and it was 3,000 years old when it died." Cao Cao did the opposite, saying that the tortoise lived for three thousand years, but it was still inevitable to die! "Everything is done in difficulties" records: "Flying dragons ride clouds, making snakes swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same!" "Teng snake" can ride like a dragon riding clouds and fog, and its skill is not too great. However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants. In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. What is more valuable is how to treat this limited life. Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream, and promptly advised people to eat, drink and be merry, and sang passionately:

"Old horse, ambitious. In his twilight years, the martyrs were full of courage. "

Cao Cao compared himself to a galloping old horse. Although old and frail, he was demoted to the next position, but his chest was still full of lofty sentiments. He said that people who are interested in doing something will never be depressed in their later years, and the pursuit of grand ideals will never stop!

This poem begins with a sigh about the philosophy of life, followed by a vigorous singing, and then returns to philosophical speculation:

"The surplus and contraction period is not just in the sky;" Happy can live forever. "

Cao Cao's outlook on life is quite dialectical. First of all, he talks about respecting the laws of nature, and people always die. Then, in a limited life, people should give full play to their subjective initiative, make positive progress and make contributions.

Finally, people are not completely powerless in the face of natural laws. Although the length of a person's life cannot violate the objective laws, it is not completely given to God. If you take good care of your body and mind and make it healthy and happy, you can also live longer. Cao Cao's "happiness in keeping fit" doesn't mean sitting still and sitting back, but that a person's mental state is the most important. He should not be depressed because of the end of life, but should be "full of courage"-he should have an endless pursuit of ideals and a positive spirit, always maintain an optimistic mental state, constantly strive for self-improvement and maintain ideological youth. Cao Cao revealed the significance of human mental factors to health through personal experience, which is also a wonderful health preserving theory in this respect.

The more valuable value of The Ghost Blows the Lamp is that it is a real poem, which opens up a new era of poetry. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ousted hundreds of schools of thought, and held the thoughts of people in the Han Dynasty captive for three or four hundred years, so that the literati in the Han Dynasty could not write poems, but only wrote great poems praising the achievements of emperors and endlessly annotated Confucian classics, and the literature with true feelings and individuality could not be developed. Until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world fell apart, stormy, political, ideological and cultural changes took place. As a hero in the world, Cao Cao, who loves poetry and songs, took the lead in going astray and brought a free and active atmosphere to the literary world. He has "martial arts outside, literature inside" and a large number of literati around him, such as "seven sons of Jian 'an". They are all talented people in the world, living in the era of war, and their thoughts and feelings are often impassioned. As "Wen Xin Diao Long Time Series" said: "When reading the next pen, it is elegant and generous, good things are scattered in the world, the wind is light and vulgar, and the ambition is deep and the pen is long, so it is generous and full of gas. "In particular, Cao Cao wrote poems on the pommel horse, which was tragic and generous, shocking ancient and modern times, unprecedented and unprecedented. The hearty style of this passionate poem was later called "Jian 'an Style", with Cao Cao as the most prominent representative. For thousands of years, Cao Cao's poems have shocked the hearts of heroes all over the world with this "generous" spirit and its inherent positive and enterprising spirit. It is this precious characteristic that makes Jian 'an literature shine brilliantly in the history of China literature. Zhong Rong put Cao Cao at a disadvantage, mainly because he was "square and straight" and lacked literary talent. He doesn't know such a hero as Cao Cao, but he disdains to carve chapters and peck sentences. Zhong Rong was from the Six Dynasties. Scholars at that time paid great attention to the splendor of literature. As the saying goes, "lovers fight for a strange price." Zhong Rong's low evaluation of Cao Cao is due to the ethos of the times. In any literature, including poetry, literary talent is secondary to content after all. In the past, Cao Cao's literary position was often concealed by his political achievements, but was not taken seriously. In fact, he is an outstanding figure in the history of China literature development, especially his pioneering work on Jian 'an literature, which really deserves a lot of attention.