What kinds of flowers are there?

(1) The life cycle of biennial flowers from seed to seed is within 1 year. Sow in spring and harvest in autumn, or sow in autumn and harvest in late spring of the following year. According to its cold tolerance, it can be divided into three categories: cold tolerance, semi-cold tolerance and non-cold tolerance. Those that are not hardy are planted in spring in the north and in autumn or winter in the south. Cold-tolerant and semi-cold-tolerant people sow in autumn in the north and spring in the south. Such as zinnia, impatiens, Scutellaria barbata, pansy, calendula and so on. In addition, some perennial herbaceous flowers, such as daisy, snapdragon and Dianthus caryophyllus, are often cultivated once or twice a year. (2) Perennial flowers include perennial deciduous herbs, such as chrysanthemum, peony, hollyhock, aquilegia, astilbe, etc. They die underground in winter, their roots stay in the soil, and germinate and grow after the next spring. (3) Bulb-root flowers include perennial herbaceous flowers whose underground parts are large and spherical or massive. According to the morphological characteristics, it can be divided into five categories. That is, the underground stem of the bulb is spherical or oblate, with leather-like skin, solid interior and hard texture, with hypertrophy terminal buds and undeveloped lateral buds at the top, such as gladiolus, cyclamen and freesia. The stem of the underground part of the bulb is very short, forming a bulb disk. Bulbs covered with paper are called bulbs with balls, such as daffodils, Zhu Dinghong and tulips. Bulbs without shells are called skinless bulbs, such as lilies. The underground stem of tuber is irregular block or strip, with new buds attached to the eye of tuber bud and fibrous roots attached irregularly, such as calla lily, Erythrina macrophylla and taro. Rootstock underground stems are plump and rootlike, with fleshy branches and obvious nodes. Each node has lateral buds and roots, and the top of each branch is a growing point, with fibrous roots clustered from the nodes, such as Canna, Iris germanica and Hosta. The taproot of the tuberous root is swollen and covered with a thick leathery epidermis, with new buds attached to the root neck and roots emerging from the end of the tuberous root, such as Dahlia. (4) Perennial evergreen herbaceous flowers, which have no obvious dormancy period, are evergreen all year round. The underground is fleshy fibrous roots, which are cultivated in the open field in the south. In the north, it is cultivated as greenhouse flowers, such as chlorophytum, evergreen, clivia, asparagus and so on. (5) Woody flowers 1 Deciduous woody plants Most of these plants are native to warm temperate zone, temperate zone and sub-frigid zone, and can be divided into the following three categories according to their characteristics: (1) Deciduous trees have obvious trunk on the ground, with lateral branches on the trunk, and the plants are erect and tall, such as Liriodendron, Platanus acerifolia, Lagerstroemia indica, cherry blossom, begonia and plum blossom. According to the size of trees, they can be divided into big trees, medium trees and small trees. (2) Deciduous shrubs, such as Chinese rose, peony, winter jasmine, Spiraea, etc. There are no obvious trunk and side branches on the ground. It can also be divided into big shrubs, middle shrubs and small shrubs. (3) Deciduous lianas can't grow upright, and their stems and vines cling to other objects, such as grapes, wisteria, lingxiao and radix aucklandiae. 2 Evergreen woody plants Most of these plants are native to tropical and subtropical regions, some are native to warm temperate regions, and some are semi-evergreen. It can be wintered in the open air in parts of South China and Southwest China, and can also be cultivated in the open air in parts of East China and Central China. In the northern part of the Yangtze River basin, most of them are cultivated in greenhouses. According to their characters, they can be divided into the following four categories: (1) Evergreen trees are evergreen and tall. There are broad-leaved evergreen trees and coniferous evergreen trees. Broadleaf trees are mostly warm temperate or subtropical trees, and conifers are also widely distributed in temperate and cold temperate zones. The former includes Yunnan camellia, white orchid, rubber tree, palm, magnolia grandiflora and osmanthus fragrans, while the latter includes Pinus bungeana, Pinus armandii, Cedar, American ginseng and Cryptomeria fortunei. (2) Evergreen shrubs are overgrown with stems and vines or have no obvious trunk. Most of them are native to warm land and need acidic soil, such as rhododendron, camellia, Michelia, Gardenia, jasmine and boxwood. (3) Evergreen subshrubs are semi-lignified, with hollow pith and short life span, and their plant types are between herbs and shrubs, such as hydrangea, geranium and upside-down golden bell. (1) Most evergreen lianas can't grow upright naturally, and their stems and vines need to crawl on other objects or on the ground, such as ivy, starwort, African lingxiao, dragon spit beads and so on. Bamboo is a special branch of garden plants, which is different from trees in morphological characteristics, growth and reproduction, and its position in landscaping and its role in gardening are irreplaceable by trees. According to the growth characteristics of its underground stems, there are clustered bamboos, scattered bamboos and miscellaneous bamboos. Common cultivated bamboos are Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens and Phyllostachys pubescens. (7) The flowers of Orchidaceae originally belong to perennial herbs according to their characters. Because of its variety, it has its unique requirements in cultivation. For the convenience of application, they are listed separately. Orchidaceae plants can be divided into the following two categories because of their different characters and ecological habits. (1) China orchids are native to subtropical and warm temperate regions of China, and are herbaceous plants with local types, such as orchids, orchids, orchids, etc. (2) Broccoli, also known as Eupatorium adenophorum, is a climbing plant native to tropical rain forest, mostly aerial roots, and grows epiphytic on other objects, belonging to epiphytic types, such as Cattleya, Paphiopedilum, Dendrobium and Fritillaria. (8) Cactus and succulents are mostly native to tropical and semi-desert areas, with stems deformed into fan-shaped, flaky, spherical or polygonal columns and leaves deformed into needles. The stems are juicy and can store a lot of water to adapt to the arid environmental conditions. According to the classification method of botany, it can be roughly divided into the following two types. 1. Cactus is a cactus, and the plants used for flower cultivation mainly include cactus, epiphyllum, crab claw orchid and other 2 1 genera. 2. succulents are the general name of succulents in other families except cactus, belonging to more than ten families respectively. In a broad sense, cactus and cactus are also succulents, but in flower cultivation, only cactaceae plants are often classified as cacti. (9) Aquatic flowers are perennial herbs, and the underground parts are mostly plump rhizomes, all of which are deciduous except Wang Lian. They all grow in shallow water or swamp, and have obvious uniqueness in cultivation techniques, such as lotus, water lily, Acorus gramineus and Eichhornia crassipes. (10) Pteridophytes are perennial herbs, mostly evergreen plants. Their life history can be divided into sexual generation and asexual generation, which do not bloom or bear seeds. They reproduce by spores, such as nephropteris and clematis. (1 1) Lawn and ground cover plants Broadly speaking, lawn plants also belong to the category of ground cover plants. But according to custom, lawns are classified as a separate category. With the development of horticulture and the improvement of people's appreciation of garden art, lawns and ground cover plants have become an indispensable part of modern garden construction, playing an important and irreplaceable role in greening, beautifying the city, protecting and improving the environment and creating a good living environment for people. 1. Turfgrass plants are divided into (1) broad-leaved plants, with thick stems and wide leaves, vigorous growth and strong adaptability, which are mostly used in large lawns, such as Zoysia japonica and centipedegrass. (2) Narrow-leaved species, such as Danding grass, Kentucky bluegrass, weeds, etc. Slender as a carpet, it can form a dense lawn and needs good soil conditions. Turfgrass plants can be divided into: (1) cold lawn, also known as cool-season lawn or winter green lawn plants, mainly distributed in cold temperate zone and temperate zone. The optimum temperature for growth and development is 65438 05 ~ 24℃. The main characteristics of cool-season lawn are: cold tolerance, liking wet and cold climate, poor heat resistance, vigorous growth in spring and autumn, slow growth in summer, semi-dormancy, and growth is mainly restricted by seasonal heat intensity and duration, as well as arid environment. The stems and leaves of this lawn have strong heat and cold resistance when they are young. Therefore, through pruning and watering, its ability to adapt to the environment can be improved. Such as creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass and Leymus chinensis. (2) Warm lawn is also called summer green lawn, and the optimum growth temperature is 26~33℃. Mainly distributed in subtropical and tropical regions. Its main characteristics are: it turns green in early spring, grows vigorously in summer, and once frosted in late autumn, the stems and leaves wither. Sexual preference for warm and humid climate, poor cold tolerance, such as Zoysia japonica, Manila grass, Zoysia tenuifolia (velvet grass), weeds and so on. 2. Ground cover plants Ground cover plants refer to low plants covered on the bare ground. These include vegetation, low-creeping shrubs and vines. According to the ecotype, it can be divided into: (1) woody ground cover plants, including dwarf lianas, with dense branches and leaves, strong clustering and good ornamental effect. Such as Platycladus orientalis, Platycladus Cervi, Euonymus creeping, etc. Climbing vines, with climbing habits, are mainly used for vertical greening, covering walls, rockeries, rocks and so on. Such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Euonymus fortunei, Lingxiao, tendril rose, etc. Dwarf bamboo is an excellent ground cover plant, such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Indocalamus and Japanese bamboo, some of which have low stems and are shade-tolerant. (2) Herbaceous ground cover plants are widely used in practice. Perennial roots and bulbous roots are the most popular. One or two years old ground cover plants are easy to reproduce and have strong self-propagation ability, such as mirabilis jalapa and February orchid. And bulbous ground cover plants, such as iris, Ophiopogon japonicus, Reineckea carnea, Hosta Hosta, Lily of the Valley, etc. (3) In fern nature, ferns often grow on the ground under the forest, such as Osmunda japonica, Adiantum, Pteris, etc. It is a good ground cover material for garden green space. According to the scope of application, it can be divided into: (1) open ground cover plants; (2) Rock-covered plants; (3) Ground cover plants on sloping land; (4) Forest edge and undergrowth ground cover plants.