Guide words of the Forbidden City in Beijing

Dear friends:

Today we are going to a unique tourist attraction, which is located in the center of Beijing, with thousands of temples, pavilions, red walls and yellow tiles, resplendent and magnificent, and is called Jindianhai. As you must have guessed, this is the Palace Museum, which is famous at home and abroad.

The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties sat on the throne and ruled China for more than 600 years. There is a bright pearl embedded in the center of Beijing in the Forbidden City, which is the most beautiful scenery in this city. Beihai Park, northwest of the Forbidden City, and view the lake and tower; On the west is Zhongnanhai, with blue waves and boundless expanses; There is the famous commercial street Wangfujing in the east; Jingshan Mountain in the north is the barrier of the Forbidden City. Standing on Wanshun Pavilion in Jingshan, you can overlook the whole picture of the Forbidden City. To the south of the Forbidden City is a special national gate, Tiananmen Square, which is the symbol of new China. The first five-star red flag was raised in Ran Ran.

The Forbidden City is a world-famous tourist landscape, which is listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO and shines with the brilliance of oriental civilization.

The Forbidden City is 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west, with an area of * * * 20,000 square meters, including a building area of/kloc-0.5 million square meters and more than 8,700 houses. Many people have heard of the legend that there are 9999 rooms and a half in the Forbidden City. This is because according to the Book of Changes, nine is the number of anodes and nine is called Zun. The Forbidden City is the residence of the emperor, and it will naturally come to an end. There are 10-meter-high walls around the Forbidden City. There are four doors in the city, the main entrance is in the south, the Shenwumen is in the north, the Donghuamen is in the east, and the Xihuamen is in the west. Each corner has a unique turret with exquisite structure, which is called "nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-two ridges". There is a moat 3800 meters long and 52 meters wide outside the city, which makes the Forbidden City a self-defense system and has the reputation of a city within a city. Moreover, the length of its moat is also listed as the highest in the world.

The Forbidden City has been the ruling center since the Ming Dynasty, but its founder was not Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, but his fourth son Judy, the founder of the Ming Dynasty. The Forbidden City is built on the central axis from Yongdingmen North to Gulou 16 in the south of Beijing. Mainly north and south, symmetrical left and right. The building follows the "Zhou Li". Textual research on Gong Ji's architectural principle of "the front faces the back room, the left ancestors the right society". The Forbidden City emphasizes imperial power in architectural techniques, and its basic approach is to highlight the central axis dominated by the former three halls and three palaces, and other buildings guard the center. The construction of the Forbidden City can be said to be a collection of manpower and material resources from all over the country, and the wood and bricks are taken from all over the country, which costs a lot. The bricks buried in the palace are called "golden bricks", and the production process is extremely complicated. It takes 6 processes from soil borrowing to mud formation, and 17 processes from brick formation. Finally, soak the brick in tung oil. This kind of brick is getting brighter and brighter on the ground. Because the production was complicated and expensive, it was a brick and a golden brick together. Year is called "BRIC". It can be said that every palace in the Forbidden City is soaked with people's blood and sweat, which embodies the excellent tradition and unique style of China's ancient architectural art and fully embodies the high wisdom and creativity of our working people. The Forbidden City is the most complete and splendid royal complex in China, and now it has become a famous tourist attraction.

Now the red walls and yellow tiles are in front of us, and the magnificent building with eaves and walls is the main entrance of the Forbidden City-the meridian gate. Its plane is concave and there are five buildings on it. The main building is a 9-bay double-eaved roof hall, and the east and west are four pyramid roof square pavilions with double eaves and four corners, which are connected by cloisters, and the auxiliary wing is the main building. The whole building is magnificent, which fully embodies the majesty of the emperor. All the buildings in the meridian gate are scattered and reflected from left to right, which is often called the Five Peaks Pagoda, if the Zhu bird spreads its wings and soars in the sky. There is a throne in the main building, with bells and drums on the left and right. In the past, when the emperor held a ceremony in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, bells and drums rang in unison and were solemn.

When it comes to the meridian gate, people often think of the phrase "launching the meridian gate to behead the public". In fact, no one was killed before the noon gate. (Because the execution in the Ming Dynasty was in Xicheng, and now it is in Xisi), the Qing Dynasty was in the food market, but it killed people here. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a kind of punishment-Zhang Ting, which was held under the meridian gate. If the minister offended the emperor, he would be criticized as "scaly". The minister who criticized the quilt for being "flaky" was knocked off by the quilt, put on prison clothes and launched the meridian gate. The execution place is on the east side of Imperial Road. At first, it was just a symbolic beating, mainly to humiliate the minister, and then it was killed. In the 14th year of Zheng De, Emperor Zhu Houzhao of Zheng De went to Jiangnan to take part in a beauty contest, but his ministers rejected the proposal. The dissolute emperor Zheng De not only refused to listen, but also fought with ministers such as Shu Fen and Huang Gong 130, killing 1 1 people. This sounds really cruel, but this morning is a different scene when it comes to the traditional Lantern Festival. It is full of joy and celebration.

When I entered the meridian gate, I began my trip to the palace. You see, the river ahead is called Jinshui River, and the five white marble bridges above are called Neijinshui Bridge. The five bridges have their own uses: the one in the middle is called the Imperial Bridge for the emperor to walk, and the two outside are for the imperial prince to walk; Outside is the grade bridge where the minister of civil and military affairs walks. The diversion of gold water through the rivers here is not only beautiful, but also fireproof. On the one hand, the Forbidden City is mostly a wooden building, which can be put out by river water in case of fire; On the other hand, it is related to China's Five Elements Theory. The south is fire, so it is made of water. There are many such examples, please introduce them to you at any time. It can be seen that the Forbidden City is not only a masterpiece of architectural art, but also a masterpiece of China traditional culture. The front door is called Taihe Gate. Can you guess the male and female of the bronze lion in front? You guessed it, the lion in the east, with its front foot on the hydrangea, symbolizes the unity of strength and the whole world; In the west is a lioness, whose front foot caresses a little lion, symbolizing the prosperity of her children. The picture standing by the door is the plan of the Forbidden City. As you can see, the Forbidden City consists of two parts: the imperial court and the imperial palace. The former dynasty was dominated by three halls, where the emperor issued decrees and held ceremonies. Behind the three halls is the Forbidden City, including Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace, Kunning Palace, Imperial Garden and Six Palaces of East and West. This is the place where the emperor handles government affairs and lives happily. At present, the display system of the Forbidden City is divided into the palace monuments, the East Sixth Palace, the Outer East Road and the three main halls, which are ancient cultural and artistic exhibitions. There are nearly one million precious cultural relics in the art treasure house of the Forbidden City, accounting for one-sixth of the total collections of 700 museums in China. It is the largest museum known at home and abroad. Here shines the glory of Chinese culture and art for 5000 years, and the forbidden area of the former palace has now become a tourist attraction for people to visit.

Now, there are three halls in front of us, which are magnificent. The main hall is located on a three-story white marble platform. The buildings in China are mainly wood structures, which are limited by materials and cannot be very high. The clever ancients supported the main hall with tall stone platforms to enhance their momentum. As you have noticed, there is no tree in front of such a big square, the reason is to deliberately create an open space to compare the heights of the three halls; Another reason is the embodiment of the five elements. In Jin Mu's theory of soil, water, fire and five elements, the soil is in the middle, the tree is wood, and the wood is soil. If we plant trees, I'm afraid it's not conducive to central rule. The ancients built the Forbidden City with good intentions. There is a 18 bronze tripod on the white marble steps in front of the temple. The bronze turtle cranes on both sides of the terrace symbolize the longevity of the turtle crane. The sundial in the east is an ancient timer, and Jialiang in the west is a standard measuring instrument in ancient China, symbolizing the justice and tolerance of the emperor. There are a pair of gold-plated copper cylinders in front of the temple, which were cast during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Each cylinder weighs about 2 tons, also known as the portal sea. It's here to prevent fire. The jar is placed on the soil, where gold is produced, and water is stored in the jar, and water is used to kill the fire. The main hall in the middle is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, also known as the Golden Jubilee Hall. In the Ming Dynasty, it was called Fengtian Hall and Huangji Hall, and in the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Taihe Hall. The width of the main hall 1 1 is about 64 meters, and the depth of five rooms is about 38 meters and the height is 26. 92 meters, plus the height of abutment, the overall height is 35. 03 meters, the main hall covers an area of 2,377 square meters, which is the largest existing wooden structure in China. The six pillars around the throne in the temple are painted gold pillars of Panlong. Because this is the most sacred place in the palace, the roof and paintings are the highest level of official buildings. There is an emperor's throne among the golden lacquer pillars in the temple. On a flat bed. There are symmetrical adjectives on the left and right sides of the throne, such as cranes and incense sticks. These are enamelled wire products inlaid with copper tires. There is a fan made of peacock beside the seat. Everybody look up. Above the throne is a golden lacquer dragon caisson. Caisson has a bucket cover. There is a dragon in the well, and the ball under the tap is called Xuanyuan mirror. According to legend, Xuanyuan mirror was made by Xuanyuan Huangdi, and hanging on the throne symbolizes the orthodoxy of the country. But now the throne is not up and down relative to Xuanyuan mirror. It is said that Yuan Shikai, the restored emperor, ascended the throne, looked up and saw a Xuanyuan mirror hanging above his head. He was afraid that the ball would fall and kill him, so he moved the throne back. Under the Xuanyuan mirror, Chen Zitai is the throne of Nanmu Gold Qi Diao Dragon symbolizing imperial power. The hall of supreme harmony is luxuriously decorated inside and outside, but the emperor is not there every day. Only on New Year's Day, winter solstice, longevity day (the emperor's birthday) and other major celebrations, such as conferring the queen and sending generals to war, will this show of prestige come.

Bypassing the Hall of Supreme Harmony, this square hall with a single eaves and four corners and a gold-plated top is called the Hall of Zhonghe. In the Ming Dynasty, it was called Gaihua Hall and Relay Hall. In the second year of Shunzhi, it was renamed Zhonghe Hall. There are five halls with depth and width, and the length and width are 24. 15m. Before the emperor went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony to hold a ceremony, he took a short rest here, accepted the worship of cabinet ministers and other officials, and then went to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. The day before the emperor went to heaven, earth, sun, moon altar and sacrifice, he would come here to read the sacrifice ceremony, and he would come here to read the seeds and farm tools before going to the farm altar to cultivate. The Qing emperor restored the jade mold every 10 years and held a grand ceremony here. During the Qianlong period, there were two shoulders in the temple, that is, sedan chairs, commonly known as eight sedan chairs. Behind the Zhonghe Hall is the Baoge Hall, 9 rooms wide and 5 rooms with Venus. It has many functions, the most notable of which is the court examination. This is the highest level examination in the feudal imperial examination system. After being admitted to Jinshi, the top three were the champion, the second place and the flower detective. Others are called "Jinshi origin" or "fellow Jinshi origin". It is not easy to take the court exam. Palace exam only passed the children's exam, passed the provincial exam, and tried the level 3 exam before admission. If a scholar wins the first place in all levels of examinations, it is a great thing. China's imperial examination system began in a generation and continued into this century. The last imperial examination was held in 1904, that is, the 30th year of Guangxu. The last scholar was Liu Chunlin, who claimed to be the last of the first people. The Dragon Stone Carving is located in Danbiyu Road behind Baohe Hall, with a total length of 16. It is the largest stone carving in the Forbidden City and even the whole country. 57 meters, 3 wide. 07 meters, thickness 1. 7 meters. It weighs about 250 tons. Produced in Fangshan, a suburb of Beijing. At that time, it was extremely difficult to transport such a large slate without modern mechanical equipment. At that time, people used to pour water on the road to freeze ice and roll wood to transport it.

Now the square where we are located is called Ganqingmen Square, which is the dividing line between the former dynasty and the palace. The palace is the residence of the emperor. This gate is called Gan Qing Gate, where Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty once listened to politics. There are Gan Qing Palace, Jiaotai Palace and Kunning Palace in Gan Qing Gate, which are collectively called the last three palaces. Gan Qing, Kunning symbolizes heaven and earth. The Sun Gate on the east and west sides of Gan Qing Palace and the Moon Gate symbolizing the sun and the moon. Outside the wall, the six houses of things symbolize twelve stars. Many buildings in the back symbolize stars. These buildings symbolizing the sun, the moon and the stars all guard the clean palace symbolizing the heaven where the emperor lived, to show the dignity of obeying the emperor all his life. This harem is the inner court of the palace where 72 concubines and 3000 beautiful women live, as the folks say. Now let's take a closer look inside.

The first hall of Gan Qing Gate is Gan Qing Palace, which has 9 rooms. It is the emperor's bedroom and a place for daily activities. It was not until Yong Zhengdi moved the bedroom to hall of mental cultivation. This is the living room of the emperor, and it is also the most intense place for power struggle. In the Ming Dynasty, the revolution of Renyin Palace, Marubeni case and Gongdiao case all happened here. Look up at the "fair and square" plaque hanging in the palace, which is the product of the struggle in the palace. Behind the plaque is a place to hide the secret storage box. Some people say that the plaque of justice is not fair at all, because after Yong Zhengdi came to power, there were rumors that he colluded with Long Keduo and others to tamper with the testamentary edict and proclaimed himself emperor. There is no need to delve into the truth of this matter, but the secret storage began in Yongzheng dynasty. After Yongzheng came to power, he deeply felt that his father Kangxi made many mistakes on the issue of building storage, which led to a scuffle between governors and was not good for the central government, so he changed to a secret way of building storage. The method is to write two testamentary edicts in advance, one with you and the other hidden behind a "fair and square" plaque, and the emperor will proofread the two testamentary edicts before announcing the heir. Qianlong and other emperors succeeded to the throne in this way.

After cleaning the palace, it is the Jiaotai Hall, which has the same shape as the Zhonghe Hall. This is the place to congratulate the Queen on Winter Solstice, New Year's Day and Qian Qiu Festival. Now there are 25 jade seals here. The significance of placing 25 jade seals comes from the statement that "there are five days in twenty" in Zhouyi, which is 1. 3。 5。 7。 Each of these five positive numbers is also 25, and the word "inaction" hanging high in the temple was written by Kangxi himself, meaning "governing by inaction" The iron plate of the imperial palace in the temple was also set by Emperor Kangxi in view of the lessons of the Ming Dynasty. Unfortunately, by the end of the Qing Dynasty, eunuchs such as An Dehai and Li were still out. The Kunning Palace behind the Jiaotai Hall used to be the queen's bedroom. Later, the emperor moved to hall of mental cultivation, and the queen moved to Shishun Hall, which became a place to worship gods. Please come to the east. Through the glass, you can see a Zhang Longfeng full bed in the East Nuange. There is an ancient book at the head of the bed, which symbolizes many children and many blessings. This is the emperor's wedding room, a festive scene.

Out of the Palace of Kunning, we now come to the Royal Garden, where the emperor and queen rest and play. The main hall, called Qin 'an Hall, is the only Taoist building in the palace. Pious scholars believe that the north belongs to the water, the camel hall is dedicated to the Xuanwu Emperor, and the gods in the north teach pious religions. This royal garden covers an area of 1. 20,000 square meters, east-west 130 meters, north-south more than 90 meters, centered on the main building Gan 'an Hall, symmetrical from left to right, echoing back and forth, with more than 0/0 pavilions, Quchi, waterside pavilions/kloc. Wan Chun Pavilion, Fu Bi Pavilion, Qian Qiu Pavilion and Cheng Ruiting, which symbolize spring, summer, autumn and winter, are located in the four corners of the garden. They are all pavilions with different shapes, as well as Li Zaoting, which collects the essence of the four Ku books, and Yujing Pavilion on Xiushan. Its sound is dotted with exotic flowers and stones of pine, cypress and cypress, and it is a model in royal gardens. Change is found in law: law refers to stable layout, and change refers to diverse architectural styles. A dozen buildings with different styles can be accommodated within a range of more than 10,000 square meters for students to savor.

The tall door that we are going out now is called Shenwumen, which is the back door of the Forbidden City. At this point, the tour in the palace is over, but the construction of the Forbidden City is not over. Look at the 43-meter-high Jingshan across the street. It is the barrier of the Forbidden City, echoing the Jinshui River in front of it, which constitutes the traditional pattern of buildings in China with mountains and water at the back. We boarded the Wanchun Pavilion for sightseeing, overlooking the Forbidden City. Look at this magnificent wonder of the world.