Analysis of Plant Configuration in Residential Areas of Fuzhou City

The research background of 1. 1

Fuzhou is located in the east wing of Daiyun Mountain, facing the mountain and the sea, and the Minjiang River passes through the territory, and the downstream is Fuzhou Basin. The interior of the basin is alluvial marine plain, and the urban area is located in the center of the basin, with mountains and hills in the north and east and plains in the south. Fuzhou is located in the middle and low latitudes, bordering the Pacific Ocean, with a subtropical maritime monsoon climate, warm and humid, abundant rainfall, evergreen seasons and pleasant climate. Average annual temperature 19.6℃, average annual precipitation1342.5mm, frost-free period of 326 days, average annual sunshine 1700- 10.

Research status of 1.2

Plant configuration is the theme of greening and the main melody melody of landscape planning and design. Arrangement of Ancient Garden Plants in China The arrangement of ancient garden plants in China was first recorded in the flower spectrum and artistic flower books in the Song Dynasty, which were all discussed in Qunfangpu, Yuanye and Changwuzhi in the Ming Dynasty, and detailed in Guangqunfangpu and Huajing in the Qing Dynasty. Judging from the gardens described in these words and the ancient and famous trees preserved so far, the plant configuration in ancient Chinese gardens has the following characteristics: in gardens, the individual beauty of plants is emphasized, and more solitary plants are planted and less pruning is carried out; Learn from nature and imitate natural plant landscape to enter the park; I like to plant a certain kind of plants with characteristics or loved by the masses, and become a characteristic garden. In the long history of garden construction, the configuration procedures of garden plants in China have been formed, such as planting plum beside the house, bending the embankment to adapt to willow, taking the shade of Sophora japonica in the court, moving bamboo as a window and hanging weeping willows. All these reflect the unique style of garden plant disposition in China.

Modern plant configuration has made new progress. Hao Yuting mentioned in "Six Major Problems in Greening Design of Residential Areas": "Plant planting and artistic arrangement should be carried out according to plant characteristics and special ecological environment. Plant allocation in residential areas should pay attention to the establishment of multi-layer structure plant communities of trees, shrubs and grasses, limit the amount of green per unit area, give play to ecological benefits and functions, and increase ecological functions. " Snow trail mentioned in "Configuration of Garden Plants" that "there is no beauty without quantity" in garden design, and the beauty of plants sometimes needs to be reflected in groups.

At present, units, communities and courtyard greening in Fuzhou are blooming everywhere. Increase the greening construction and garden-like creation of communities and units. Residential areas and units should reserve enough green land in strict accordance with the provisions of the new green rate of more than 30% and the old city of more than 25% [1], strengthen the supporting green construction and management, and implement the tracking feedback system. Plant allocation is based on the principle of "adapting trees to local conditions" to form a unique green landscape, so that the protection of ancient and famous trees can be synchronized with the protection of trees, habitats and landscapes.

According to reports, in the future, the proportion of trees in the residential area of Fuzhou will be appropriately increased, so that the trees are suitable for the site, mainly regional, native and native tree species, and at the same time, the optimized exotic tree species will be introduced reasonably to enrich and optimize the composition of landscaping tree species; Reasonably determine the proportion of evergreen trees, deciduous trees, shrubs, fast-growing trees, medium-growing trees and slow-growing trees. At present, camphor tree, laurel, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus macrophylla, mango, litchi, longan, Erythrina, kapok, bauhinia, areca nut, and Malva 12 have been identified as key urban greening trees in Fuzhou. 29 species such as Ficus and Metasequoia are the backbone species.

The research significance of 1.3

Plants are one of the four elements of gardening. British gardener B.Clauston put forward: "In the final analysis, garden design is the design of plant materials, and its purpose is to improve human ecological environment. Other content can only play a role in an environment with things. " Plant configuration is to use plant materials combined with other materials in the garden, according to the growth law and site conditions of garden plants, use different forms to form different garden spaces, create various garden landscapes, and meet people's needs for viewing and recreation. In landscape design, plant configuration occupies an important position and is an important part of landscape design. Plants are the main body of gardens, and plant configuration is the main theme of garden design and landscape construction. Different residential areas have a unique style in plant configuration, which reflects the diversity of natural plant species. Tree species should be rich and disorderly. Good planting design can be an obvious landmark of residential areas.

Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the plant configuration in Fuzhou residential area for the planning and construction of urban residential areas, which is also lacking in most cities, so it is of research significance.

2. Analysis and development trend of plant disposition in residential areas of Fuzhou.

Through the field investigation of five communities (see Annex 1 for details), such as Andan Community, Peony Fragrant Garden, Champs Elysé es Community, Jinxia Community and Xinqinting Community, and on the basis of consulting literature, it is concluded that the current residential layout in Fuzhou has the following characteristics, and the existing plant layout schemes in Fuzhou are listed. Through comparative study, its * * * characteristics and development trend are found out.

2. 1 Advantages and disadvantages of plant arrangement in five residential areas in Fuzhou

2. 1. 1

Advantages: (1) A large number of Fuzhou native tree species are used, such as banyan, magnolia, camphor tree, kapok and so on.

(2) Use pruning colored hedge plants, such as Ligustrum lucidum, Berberis purpurea, Buxus microphylla, etc. Trim into various geometric patterns.

Insufficient: (1) The plant species used in plant configuration are single.

(2) Ignoring "people-oriented", for example, using green space as a barrier and ignoring the convenience of people's lives, a two-minute journey may take more than ten minutes.

2. 1.2 Peony Fragrant Garden

Advantages: (1) The whole plant is focused, with distinctive features, changing in unity and unifying in enrichment.

(2) The overall layout is good.

(3) The artificial plant community configuration is very scientific, which reflects the cultural characteristics and local charm of the garden.

Shortcomings: (1) Maintenance work is not done well enough.

(2) The whole plant landscape shows signs of fading.

2. 1.3 Xie Li residence

Advantages: (1) hangs green from top to bottom and climbs green from bottom to top.

(2) The combination of herbs and woody flowers in different flowering periods can make the green space present a good landscape effect all year round.

Disadvantages: (1) The dynamic perspective effect of flattening the opposite of plant landscape by plant configuration is poor.

(2) Plant planting is too messy

2. 1.4 jinxia community

Advantages: (1) Application of urban flower market tree

(2) The arrangement of plants should be distinct, and attention should be paid to the formation of a multi-layer mixed greening model with trees as the main part and trees, shrubs, vines and flowers as the combination.

Disadvantages: (1) insufficient consideration is given to the cultural function of the landscape; (2) The green coverage rate of the whole community is not very high.

2. 1.5 Xinqinting Community

Advantages: (1) The plant configuration has seasonal changes of the four seasons, which is synchronous with the life rules of residents in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

(2) Based on the ecological habits of plants.

Disadvantages: (1) The paving materials are too expensive, and the ecological effect of green plants is not considered when paving.

(2) The lawn area is large, and the proportion of lawn and trees and shrubs is not harmonious.

(3) The immediate effect is not in harmony with the long-term interests.

(4) There are few applications of perennial flowers and aquatic plants.

2.2 Fuzhou * * * the nature of plant configuration in residential areas

(1) highlight the season.

Fuzhou is dominated by evergreen seasons, blooming at four o'clock, and coconut trees in the south subtropical zone. In the community, there are magnolia, peach blossom, elm leaf plum, forsythia, Yingchun, clove and Spiraea in spring; In summer, there are lotus, acacia, Luan tree, American broom, crape myrtle and hibiscus; In autumn, there are glutinous rice sticks, Chinese rose, cotinus coggygria, five-pointed maple, Acer ginnala, Pistacia chinensis, Ramulus Ruimu, Prunus purpurea, Berberis purpurea and Euphorbia humifusa. In winter, pine and cypress are evergreen and banyan trees are vigorous.

(2) Plant allocation is based on local environmental climate and urban history and culture.

The top ten street trees in residential areas are banyan, mango, bauhinia, mallow, Ficus macrophylla, Ficus altissima, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum camphora, Sophora japonica and Sophora japonica, among which the total number of banyan and mango accounts for 50.73% of all street trees. These two plants determine the main tone of road greening in Fuzhou residential area.

(3) According to the principle of "adapting trees to local conditions", plants are allocated to form a unique green landscape, so that the protection of ancient and famous trees is synchronized with the protection of trees, habitats and landscapes.

2.3 Fuzhou residential workshop configuration scheme

2.3. 1 Plants should be equipped with common tree species in each layer.

(1) Common tree species in the upper layer: Yuxiang, Ficus, Eucalyptus, Acacia formosana, Bauhinia, Sycamore, Sycamore, Betula platyphylla, Pinus massoniana, Dawang Coconut, Coconut, Malva, Pineapple, Almond, Sorbus Orchidaea and Sorbus Nanyang.

(2) Common tree species in the middle layer: bamboo cypress, bamboo cypress with long leaves, torreya grandis, Cephalotaxus fortunei, Cephalotaxus grandis, Podocarpus, fennel, Milan, Murraya murraya, Tenjikukatsura, Lonicera japonica, camellia, camellia oleifera, tea, osmanthus fragrans, Michelia, Pittosporum, Nandina chinensis, Gardenia and so on.

(3) Sublayer vegetation: Rhizoma Curculiginis, Rhizoma Curculiginis, Eupatorium odoratum, Eupatorium odoratum, Ivy, Aralia longipedunculata, Caulis Trachelospermi, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, taro, Sophora japonica, Caulis Bambusae, Flos Caryophylli Japonicae, Rhizoma Acori Graminei, Guangdong Evergreen, Sedum sarmentosum, Oxalis, and carpet grass.

2.3.2 Plant community model suitable for application

(1) Bauhinia-Camellia-Alocasia alopecuroides+Dioscorea zingiberensis-Hedyotis.

(2) Cynanchum bungeanum-Camellia oleifera+kohlrabi-Huweilan

(3) Melaleuca-Murraya murraya-Ophiopogon japonicus

(4) Pukui-Nandina domestica+Pittosporum-Elaeagnus macrophylla+Oxalis purpurea,

(5) Catalpa bungeana-Stinky Peony+Michelia+Camellia-Carpet Grass

(6) Eucalyptus grandis-Phyllostachys pubescens-Phyllostachys bambusa-carpet grass

(7) Blaine-Milan with big leaves-Zhu Lan.

(8) Cymbidium hybridum+Cymbidium hybridum+Schima superba-Yehe+Magnolia Sedum+Acorus gramineus.

(9) Phyllostachys pubescens-Prunus nigra-carpet grass

(10) Hemiptera-Donghong+Momordica charantia-carpet grass

(1 1) Phyllostachys pubescens-spiny spiny spiny spiny carpet grass

(12) potted frame-osmanthus fragrans-carpet grass

(13) white orchid+kapok+crape myrtle-grapefruit-red frangipani+oleander-fusang+colorful deciduous trees+talons+Yingdan-Leucaena+Commelina communis+Zhu Dinghong.

2.3.3 Configuration of Characteristic Plants in Residential Areas of Fuzhou City

(1) Coconut King-Coconut King-a scene in Yue Hui Garden, which won the Exhibition Award of 99 Kunming World Expo, fully embodies the scenery of the south subtropical coconut grove in Fuzhou.

(2) green banyan-green banyan-yellow banyan-apricot banyan, etc. Combined with the shape of Ficus microcarpa, it was trimmed into various shapes to show the characteristics of "Rongcheng" in Fuzhou.

2.4 Fuzhou residential plant configuration development trend

2.4. 1 "people-oriented" ideological orientation

The design of residential areas emphasizes composition, paving, plant patterns and architectural sketches. And the composition is extremely changeable. It is really beautiful, spectacular and magnificent visually, but considering the multi-level and ecological configuration of garden plants, it is not enough.

In the construction of plant configuration characteristics in Fuzhou residential area, we should not only consider the elements of beauty, but also fully consider the needs of the main people in the residential area. We should take the idea of "people-oriented" as the ideological basis, people-oriented, comprehensively consider from the orientation of people, and realize the harmony between man and nature at the same time. The harmonious development between man and nature is a trend of urban development today, which is correct now and for a long time to come.

2.4.2 Adhere to the "sustainable development" ecological park development direction.

The characteristics of plant arrangement in residential areas should be guided by ecological theory, with the aim of reproducing nature, improving and maintaining ecological balance in residential areas, and with the theme of systematicness of landscaping, diversity of biological development and sustainability of plant landscaping, so as to achieve systematicness in plane, hierarchy in space and correlation in time.

2.4 ... 3. Create a healthy plant community beneficial to physical and mental health.

Fully consider the needs of residents to enjoy green space and build artificial ecological plant communities. Healthy plant communities beneficial to physical and mental health, such as pine forest, ginkgo forest, camphor forest, Pipa forest, citrus forest, elm forest, etc.; Aromatic plant communities beneficial to relieving fatigue, such as gardenia, rose bushes, lilac bushes, ginkgo osmanthus bushes, etc. , as well as plant communities that are conducive to attracting birds, such as begonia forest, pyracantha forest, pine tree, Berlin and so on. , can be arranged on the whole green space on the edge of the community, and can also be designed in combination with the central green space of the residential area. Use the recycling and regeneration functions of plant community ecosystem to maintain the ecological balance of the community.

3. Principles of plant disposition in residential areas of Fuzhou.

3. 1 Adhere to the principle of afforestation, adjust measures to local conditions, adapt trees in suitable places, combine arbor, shrub, flower, grass and vine, pay attention to the diversity of plant species, and improve the ecological content of greening in residential areas.

When configuring plants, we must first meet the ecological requirements of plants and make them grow normally. The usual practice is to choose "native tree species"; Secondly, the layout should be reasonable, the planting density should be reasonable on the plane, the biological characteristics of plants should also be considered in the vertical design, and the reasonable collocation of different types of plants should be paid attention to, such as liking light and resisting shade, growing fast and growing slowly, and having deep roots and shallow roots.

3. 1. 1 Rich in plant species (see Appendix 2 for details).

This paper holds that the number of plant species in residential areas reaches a certain standard, which is the basis to ensure the richness of plant landscape. Let's compare the number of woody plants in several different communities.

(1) There are not less than 20 kinds of green spaces with an area of less than 3,000 square meters;

(2) There are not less than 30 kinds of green spaces with an area of 3000- 10000 square meters;

(3) There shall be no less than 40 green spaces with an area of 10000-20000 square meters;

(4) There are not less than 50 green spaces with an area of 20,000 square meters or more.

3. 1.2 Rational allocation of trees, shrubs and vines, ground cover plants, bamboos, aquatic plants (see Annex 3 for details), colorful plants, flowering shrubs, aromatic plants and perennial flowers (see Annex 4 for details).

Trees, shrubs and vines should be combined, evergreen plants and deciduous plants should be combined, fast-growing plants and slow-growing plants should be combined, and lawns that sometimes make flowers should be planted and decorated properly. In the collocation of tree species, we should not only meet the biological characteristics, but also consider the effect of greening landscape, combine greening with beautification, establish the concept of plant landscaping, and create a quiet and beautiful living environment.

3. 1.3 Allocate bird-loving plants and honey-source plants appropriately to attract birds and insects and create a harmonious living environment between man and nature (see Appendix 5 for details).

The arrangement of plants in residential areas must be scientific and reasonable, respecting nature. At the same time, create a small environment for residents to take a walk and relax after tea, and create favorable conditions for residents' leisure activities.

At present, some bird-loving plants planned in Fuzhou mainly include: camphor tree, kapok, arborvitae and banyan; The lured birds are Pulsatilla chinensis, red-bellied thrush, spotted thrush, green rusty eye, red-billed blackbird, Pulsatilla chinensis, yellow eyebrow, sparrow, thrush and turtledove. The honey-source plants that are preferentially promoted are longan, litchi, loquat, palm, plum blossom and so on. In order to better create the function of leisure activities in residential areas.

3.2 Plant configuration should consider the function of green space in residential areas.

There are several types of greening in residential areas: hedge setting, roadside greening, isolation greening, overhead space greening, platform greening, roof greening, parking lot greening and road landscape greening.

(1) Hedgehogs are mainly determinant dense plants, which can be divided into plastic hedgerows and natural hedgerows. Plastic hedgerows are usually low shrubs with slow growth, low branching points and tight branching structure, which are suitable for manual pruning and shaping. The selection of natural hedgerows requires a relatively high amount of plants.

(2) The green space near the house is close to the residents, which is particularly accessible and practical. The orientation of the building should be considered when planting the green space next to the house. Tall shrubs should not be planted near the window to avoid affecting lighting; In the west of the building, tall broad-leaved trees should be planted, which will have obvious cooling effect in summer and enjoy warm sunshine in winter. The green space next to the house should also be designed with an appropriate amount of hard ground for residents to walk and stay, and planted with trampling-resistant lawns and shade-tolerant plants in the shade.

(3) Trees, shrubs and herbs should be planted on both sides of roads in residential areas to reduce dust, noise and harmful gases generated by traffic, which is conducive to maintaining the quiet and sanitation of residential rooms along the street. Street trees should choose trees whose branches and crowns extend horizontally as far as possible to shade and cool down. Isolation green space should be set between public buildings and residential buildings, and dense green barriers should be formed with trees and shrubs to keep the residential area quiet. Less beautiful areas such as garbage stations, boiler rooms, substations and transformer boxes in residential areas can be sheltered by shrubs or trees.

(4) Overhead buildings on the ground floor are widely used in the houses in the subtropical climate zone in southern China, which is beneficial to the ventilation and microclimate adjustment of the residential courtyard, convenient for the residents to shelter from the sun and rain, and plays an interpenetrating role in the greening landscape. Shade-tolerant flowers and shrubs should be planted on the overhead floor, and landscapes can be arranged in some unventilated areas. As a semi-public space for outdoor activities, the overhead floor can be equipped with corresponding activities and leisure facilities.

(5) Generally, the greening of the platform should be designed in combination with the terrain characteristics and use requirements. Part of the space under the platform can be used as a parking garage, auxiliary equipment room, shopping mall or exercise ground. The upper space of the platform serves as a safe and beautiful pedestrian activity place. It is necessary to grasp the principle of "people flow in the center, green space by the window", that is, to limit people flow in the middle of the platform and prevent interference with residents on the first floor of the platform; The green space is set by the window, and a certain number of shrubs and trees are planted to reduce the line of sight interference of outdoor personnel to indoor residents.

(6) Roof green space is divided into sloping roof greening and flat roof greening. Plant plants with drought resistance, transplant tolerance, strong vitality, strong wind resistance and low appearance according to the above ecological conditions. For sloping roofs, vines or climbing plants are usually chosen. The flat roof is mainly planted with ornamental flowers and trees, and the pool, flower stand and other sketches are properly configured to form the periphery and landscaping.

Generally speaking, in the beautification of residential areas, the types of trees and flowers should be exquisite rather than complicated. In the planting of tree species, according to the cultivation purpose and growth habits, we should try our best to combine trees, irrigation and ground cover, and highlight the park-style greening characteristics of "spreading grass at the bottom, shading trees and cleverly decorating Hua Teng shrubs". If you need shade in summer, you should choose tree species with tall trunk, enlarged crown, beautiful leaves and bright and fragrant flowers, such as Indus, Paulownia, Sophora japonica, Luan tree, Catalpa bungeana, etc., and plant flowering shrubs, such as Bauhinia, clove, Lagerstroemia indica, hibiscus, etc., to make the layers clear and form a barrier for shade and fragrance.

3.3 Landscape demand

Garden green space not only has practical functions, but also can form different landscapes, giving people a sense of beauty in vision, hearing and smell.

When choosing flowering shrubs in Fuzhou residential areas, we should pay attention to the natural tree shape and flowering season, such as Xifu Begonia, which has erect stems and thin trees and full of pink flowers in early spring, such as graceful girls; The tree of begonia hangs like an umbrella. In spring, clusters of red flowers hang low and are full of affection. Flowers and trees in summer, such as crape myrtle, hibiscus and pearl plum. The flowering period is long, especially Lagerstroemia indica, which can be as long as 100 days. The flowering period of brocade flowers happens to be the withering of spring flowers. When there are not many summer flowers, you can decorate them appropriately to make the community full of flowers.

Beautifying residential areas should also pay attention to the selection of climbing plants, such as Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Lingxiao, Ivy, Rosa davurica and so on. Wisteria, grapes, honeysuckle and kiwifruit can be used as ornamental scaffolding, where you can rest and enjoy the cool. Many herbaceous climbing plants, such as dill, morning glory, sweet pea and small gourd, climb bamboo fences or flower walls, which add a little natural interest to the beautification of the community and conform to the people-oriented concept.

4. Plant Configuration Technology in Residential Areas of Fuzhou City

4. 1 Use the plant's own style

(1) ecological habits

Plants not only have the morphological characteristics of trees, shrubs, herbs, vines and other categories, but also have ecological characteristics such as water and humidity resistance, sun-loving, alkali resistance and alkali resistance, as well as other resistances (such as wind resistance and harmful gases) and differences in pH [14]. If these ecological characteristics of plants are not satisfied, they cannot grow or grow badly, let alone have any style. For example, weeping willows are wet-loving, adaptable, with drooping and soft branches, light green leaves and slender leaves. When planted by the water, it can form the charm of "willow branches, soft strips of water, making them green and yellow, making them innocent girls".

(2) that posture of the plant itself

All kinds of plants have different postures, and some are relatively regular, such as heather and Ailanthus altissima; Some have dynamic trends, such as pine, elm and locust. In configuration, we should emphasize the harmony between plants or between plants and other elements in the environment; At the same time, we should also consider the changes of plants in different growth stages and seasons, so as not to cause imbalance.

For example, Pinus tabulaeformis is an evergreen tree with dark brown bark, peeling scales and dark green leaves with pinkish color; Born in the plain, erect and upright; People born on high mountains are full of twists and turns. Isolated Pinus tabulaeformis has many branches and layers, and its crown is flat, forming a majestic, cold-proof, Gu Zhuo and sturdy style. If "personification" is added, Song, Zhu and Mei are also called "three friends of the old cold", which shows their fearless, superb and firm style; Or "Orchid makes people quiet, chrysanthemum makes people wild, lotus makes people pale, peony makes people bright, bamboo makes people elegant, tung makes people clear ..." Reflects the morphological and ecological characteristics of different plants, which can produce "anthropomorphic" plant configuration landscape style, and thus can also obtain the artistic effect of garden plant landscape with national essence.

4.2 According to different configuration technologies

4.2. 1 embodies the cultural characteristics of the city in the choice of plant varieties.

1. Application of Urban Flower Market Tree

Their symbolic significance has also risen to the symbol of civilization in this region and the symbol of urban culture. For example, the city flower in Shanghai is Magnolia, which symbolizes a pioneering spirit [17]; Kapok in Guangzhou, known as the hero tree, symbolizes vigorous career and vitality; There are osmanthus fragrans in Hangzhou, Qionghua in Yangzhou, Camellia in Kunming and Erythrina in Quanzhou, all of which have a long cultivation history and profound cultural connotation.

Therefore, Fuzhou can make use of the symbolic meaning of urban flower market trees to complement other plants or sketches and structures, which can not only give a strong cultural atmosphere, but also play a positive educational role for children and meet the spiritual and cultural needs of citizens.

2. Application of native plants

Native plants can best adapt to the local natural growth conditions, not only meet the requirements of suitable places and trees, but also represent certain vegetation culture and regional customs. For example, the coconut tree is a typical representative of the southern scenery, while in the northern poplar market, it will always silently endorse its fearless spirit. Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Shenzhen, Huizhou, Fuzhou and other southern cities. Its unique natural conditions endow the city with distinctive plant landscapes, such as all kinds of large-flowered trees, palm plants, colorful plants, climbing plants, perennial flowers and ground cover plants. These well-growing and abundant plants provide favorable conditions for the diversified plant configuration in the city. From the plant landscape of a city, we can not only see the character and identity of a place, but also see the cultural characteristics of a local era or regional culture. One of the characteristics of urban culture is regionality, and native plants are one of the cultural elements that can best reflect the local regional characteristics.

3. Protection of ancient and famous trees

Because ancient trees are historical witnesses and living cultural relics; Famous trees are valuable resources. They are all historical heritages with high cultural value, which can add a heavy wealth to the culture of this city.

In addition, the application of plants with obvious scientific and technological value and popular science significance in cities can reflect a city's scientific and technological level of popular science and civilization, and indirectly reflect a city's civilization. The single tree of Ficus microcarpa, the insect-eating reason and insect-catching mechanism of pitcher plants, the * * * relationship between Ficus pumila and Ficus microcarpa, and the fact that Ginkgo biloba is not a fruit all express a natural phenomenon. These plants provide vivid cognitive objects for the popularization of scientific knowledge and play a good educational function.

4.2.2 Create characteristic residential areas in various ways.

When greening residential areas, plant allocation should also be based on the ecological garden theory, simulate the natural ecological environment, use plant physiology, ecological indicators and garden aesthetics principles to configure plants, create a multi-layer structure, and maintain the stability and durability of plant communities in space and time.

(1) collocation of tree species

Trees, shrubs and vines should be combined, evergreen plants and deciduous plants should be combined, fast-growing plants and slow-growing plants should be combined, and lawns that sometimes make flowers should be planted and decorated properly. In the collocation of tree species, we should not only meet the biological characteristics, but also consider the effect of greening landscape, combine greening with beautification, establish the concept of plant landscaping, and create a quiet and beautiful living environment.

(2) Tree species strive to unify the color change.

Create beautiful canopy lines and break the monotony and rigidity of building groups. Pay attention to the selection of plants with different tree shapes, such as tower, cylinder, sphere and weeping branches, such as cedar, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, cypress, Cinnamomum camphora, Magnolia grandiflora, Ginkgo biloba, Sophora japonica and weeping peach. , forming a canopy line with strong changes; Plants with different heights form canopy lines with moderate changes; Using the change of topographic height difference, different plants are arranged to obtain the corresponding change of canopy line. By planting flowering shrubs near the edge, the natural curve is formed by using short and dense plants such as begonia, Pittosporum, Rhododendron and Hypericum.

(3) Plant configuration should be well-defined with prominent background, and attention should be paid to color blocks and seasonal changes.

When arranging plants in residential areas, we should also pay attention to the hierarchical collocation and background of plants. Trees, shrubs, flowers and ground cover plants should be used for multi-level configuration. Layered arrangement of plants with different colors and flowering periods can make the plant landscape colorful. Generally, the background tree is higher than the foreground tree, the planting density is higher, a green barrier is formed, the color is darker, or there is a big difference in color and chromaticity from the foreground to enhance the foil effect. In this way, space is divided and connected, and space has a more natural rhythm through various levels. Snow trail mentioned in "Configuration of Garden Plants" that "there is no beauty without quantity" in garden design, and the beauty of plants sometimes needs to be reflected in groups.

The technique of color block design is to plant a large number of plants together, reflecting the beauty of a group and making it the focus of attention. Reasonable use of color blocks can attract people's attention to a certain extent, and it is also an acceptable form of expression for modern people.

Residential area is the environment for residents to live and rest all year round, and the arrangement of plants should have seasonal changes in four seasons to keep up with the living rules of residents in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Such as spring scenery composed of winter jasmine, peach blossom and clove; The summer landscape composed of Lagerstroemia indica, Albizia Albizia and pomegranate; Autumn landscape composed of osmanthus fragrans, red maple and ginkgo; Winter landscape composed of Chimonanthus praecox, Lonicera japonica and Nandina domestica.

(5) Configuration mode

In terms of configuration, the combination of conventional and natural plant configuration can be adopted. There are several ways to arrange plants, such as single planting, opposite planting, row planting, cluster planting and group planting. Among them, solitary planting mainly shows the individual beauty of trees and is often used as the main scene of garden space; Opposite planting is to plant roughly the same number of trees symmetrically, which is mostly used at garden gates, building entrances, squares or both sides of bridges; Row planting is to plant trees in rows and belts, which are mostly used on both sides of streets, highways or around regular squares; Cluster planting is a combination of more than three different tree species, which is widely used in gardens. It can be used as a main scene or landscape, or as a background or isolation measure. Group planting is a group combination of the same tree species, with a large number of trees, which mainly shows the beauty of the group and has the interest of "forest"

Generally, 1 2 rows of street trees are planted on both sides of roads in the area, and some shade-tolerant shrubs can be regularly arranged. * The bare ground is covered by lawns or ground cover plants. Other green spaces can use natural plant configuration techniques to combine into a patchwork plant landscape, which changes with the seasons.

5. Conclusion

Beautiful landscaping environment has become the most basic element of residential quarters, which is directly related to the overall level and quality of the quarters. Different communities have unique styles in plant configuration, reflecting the diversity of natural plant species, and strive to enrich tree species without confusion. Good planting design can be an obvious landmark of the community. With the growing voice of building ecological houses and green houses, many real estate developers have started landscaping while building residential quarters, trying to create a beautiful living environment for residents. The arrangement of garden plants in residential areas should highlight local characteristics and have distinct personality, so as to bring ecological, social and economic benefits into play.