Who knows that the mystery of Longyou Grottoes has been solved? What exactly does it do?

Xu Lijun, Hushan Middle School, Cixi City, Zhejiang Province

Longyou Grottoes in Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province (hereinafter referred to as Grottoes) were rediscovered by four local villagers, including Wu Aiai, on June 9, 1992, and have been used for pumping fishing for 20 years. In the meantime, scholars at home and abroad have explored it and there is no definite conclusion. The local government and many domestic media have specially organized efforts to investigate the causes of grottoes, but they all failed. Today, who dug the grottoes, when, what is the purpose and what is the use, all make the world puzzled, and it has become an eternal problem for a time!

Zhou Shaoxiong, the first teacher to visit the site, thinks that the grottoes should be quarries, but some people think that if they are quarries, there is no need to make the inner walls of the grottoes so beautiful; Experts from Yang Hongxun Institute of Social Archaeology believe that it was unearthed with bronze tools, not steel. According to the comprehensive situation, it is speculated that it was done by "Wang", and 80% may be the place where Gou Jian, the king of Yue, secretly conducted military rotation training. But the author thinks that Yang Hongxun's statement is self-contradictory. The reason is that the state of Yue in Gou Jian's time has been refined into the earliest steel sword in the history of the world-the sword of Gou Jian, the king of Yue. At that time, iron farm tools were widely used in society. Why use backward bronze tools to dig caves? What's more, the defeated country spent a lot of money, material resources and manpower, and then spent a long time digging a huge and boundless cave far from the capital Huiji, just for training? Therefore, the author judges that Gou Jian will never adopt this proposal, otherwise it will exhaust the national strength and only benefit the enemy. But then again, if you train soldiers with ready-made caves or dug stone chambers, of course you are willing to accept it. After several years' research, Lu Min, director of Longyou County Cultural Tourism Bureau, thinks that piling the mined stones on the nearby hilltops is an ancient military project, and it is also inclined to what Gou Jian did. Lu Min also cited the "Yueguo Stone Chamber" in Yuejueshu to prove this point. However, the author believes that the interpretation of the word "you" should mean that it already exists or has been obtained, not that the state of Yue has been painstakingly excavated. Obviously, "Yue State-owned Stone Chamber" probably refers to Longyou Grottoes, but judging from the seriousness of the words recorded in historical books, it was not dug by Yue himself. So which king dug a large number of large stone chambers in Longyou?

The author has visited the grottoes three times since 1995, and his feelings are also confused. In recent years, valuable clues have suddenly been found in the collection and arrangement of genealogy. According to the genealogy of the Xu family in Baiyan, Beishan, when the Western Zhou Dynasty was the King of Mu, Yan, the ancestor, was defeated by the attack of Zhou Chu, and led the army and people to retreat from Huaisi and return to Gezhou (now Zhoushan, Zhejiang) by sea. Later, due to strategic needs, he went upstream, crossed Qiantang River and Fuchun River, settled in Taimu (now Longyou), and established the ancient. The genealogy clearly points out that "take refuge in Annan for 50 miles", and use this as a breakthrough to consult Longyou county annals: "The Spring and Autumn Zuozhuan says that Gou Jian attacked Wu, and the pioneer went to the gate of Gu 'an to raise Gu 'an banner! The name of this county began to appear in literature and history. "However, the history of Zhejiang with clear literature and history records began in the thirty-two years before Gou Jian attacked Wu (5 10 BC), but since 5 10 BC, there has been no record of grottoes excavation except Yue Jueshu. If we trace back to the history of Zhejiang before 5 10 BC, as far as we know, there is still a "king", and that is Xu Yanwang. If the prince leads the army and people to dig caves, there will be no difficulty in manpower, financial resources, material resources and organizational strength.

Sima Qian wrote in Historical Records that King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty did not return all the year round when he went to the western regions, but he suppressed the rebellion of the king and ordered Zhao Fu to return to the palace for a thousand miles a day to save the chaos. Hanshu said that "Zhou and Chu Lian conspired to attack Xu and rule him". It can be seen that the Prince of Yan was the first king to rebel in the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and was later pursued by the Emperor of Zhou and the State of Chu. After the defeat of the prince, he retreated to national subjugation and temporarily protected himself. These grottoes are probably national defense projects to guard the temporary capital of the grottoes in the northwest, just like the Great Wall guarding the capital. Both Zhou and Chu are in the northwest of Guge, which is consistent with the fact that the grottoes were dug in the northwest of Guge City, and it is more in line with the sentence "take refuge in the south of Guge City for 50 miles". Grottoes can be used to ambush troops when the enemy invades, thus destroying the invading enemy. Obviously, Wang Yan has such strategic needs.

Further in-depth study shows that the grotto was excavated by many people. There are the following evidences: First, the Phoenix Mountain Grottoes are arranged in a big dipper array from the air, which can be interpreted as the ancients who participated in the construction of the grottoes thought that their monarch was the inheritance system of Lagerstroemia indica in the sky, and Xu Guoyi, who has been inherited for more than 800 years, would surely annihilate the invading enemy in Guge, never dying, and at the same time had the intention of praying for God's blessing; Secondly, the parallel decorative chisel on the inner wall of the grottoes imitates the inner wall of the grass house built by the Xu people with reeds, straw, thatch, straw rope and wood between Huai and Si. The chisel with slight inclination up and down indicates reed grass, and several long chisels horizontally indicate straw rope. Since the craftsmen who built the interior walls come from the people, their artistic ideas can only come from life practice, not from imagination, and it is even more absurd to think that they are masterpieces of aliens. Third, the only cave paintings are horses, birds and fish. Because Guo Xudi is located in the Huaihe River and Surabaya River Valley, where rivers and lakes crisscross, it is their daily productive labor to raise fish, fish, raise chickens, raise ducks and hunt waterfowl. However, the folk custom at that time was the integration of the army and the people. "The tiller is for the people, and the fighter is for the soldiers." In addition to daily productive labor, horses were also needed. Obviously, the implication of rock paintings is not only to pray for the rich scene of Man Cang where chickens, ducks and fish live together, but also to look forward to the future of Mazhuang! Fourthly, there are many gaps in the rock wall of the grottoes that are suspected of lightning, which coincides with the story of Rebecca's "Dan Gong Chi Ya". The story tells that the Prince of Yan mobilized the people to dig the first artificial canal in ancient China, "to communicate with Chen and Cai." Rebecca sympathized with the people's feelings and inspected the canal excavation site after work in the evening. Suddenly, there was lightning and thunder, and the riverbed was exposed in the distance. Rebecca called thirty-six governors to discuss, thinking that "Tian Rui" was the proof that God had endowed him with the power to conquer, so he launched a crusade against "Cheng Zhou". Fifth, the grottoes are a secret military project of Guge, and there is no orthodox record of "Zhou" in history, which is also in line with historical facts. Moreover, the grottoes are still of great military strategic significance to Xu's descendants, so it is necessary to keep them secret. This is the same as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Qin Mausoleum were not included in the history of Qin State. Sixth, the whereabouts of the stone, Lu Min, director of Longyou County Cultural Tourism Bureau, has answered clearly that the excavated stone is buried on a nearby hillside; Seventh, the era of King Mu was a mixed era of copper and iron. Artificial iron smelting appeared in the middle of Western Zhou Dynasty. China's first iron sword unearthed from Guo's tomb in the Western Zhou Dynasty is proof of this. Moreover, in the Shang Dynasty, Geji cast by natural meteorites was also unearthed. Eighth, from the phenomenon, the structure of grottoes is deeply influenced by mining and copper smelting. When smelting copper, the shaft is dug first and then the chute is opened, which is consistent with the structural answer of Longyou Grottoes.

According to the above speculation, the grottoes were built by Wang Jianli in Guge. According to experts in Yang Hongxun, they have clear goals and needs, and also have such human, material, financial and organizational capabilities.

So how to determine the specific age of grottoes excavation? The following is further analysis and reasoning based on limited historical data. Chronicle of Bamboo Slips records that in the 13th year, Xu Rong invaded Luo, and in the 14th year, he led the attack on Xu Erping's "Thirty-five years later, Jing people entered Huai River", and "Thirty-seven years later, the Ninth Division, as for East Jiujiang, thought that Liang was also riding a cloud. Therefore, the more you cut, the more you cut. " It can be seen that all this is about the attack on Xu. However, it is difficult to determine from the above text that Rebecca defeated Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) and retreated to Zhejiang. Fortunately, genealogy can help provide precious historical materials: Chu army lured Bao Heng, the eldest son of Rebecca, to attack from the west gate of Xuzhou, and was ambushed and killed in Qilin Valley, 20 miles away from the city. Rebecca fled in defeat and returned to Chenzhou by sea. Baozong, the second son in the genealogy, was born in Wangmu for twenty years (note: this is an important fulcrum of dating). It is reasonable to infer the age of the eldest son Baozong and the second son Baozong. However, if he is in his teens or twenties, it is unlikely that Bao Heng will be a child of several years old when Bao Zong was born in Mu Wang in the 20th year. Judging from the sentence of "fourteen years of defeat" in the annals of bamboo books, Bao Heng may not have been born, or he was still a child, and he could not lead troops to fight at all, let alone sacrifice. Therefore, the time for Rebecca to retreat after the defeat ruled out the option of "fourteen years in Mu Wang". Besides, according to Zuo Zhuan, the "cutting" of "cutting Xu in fourteen years" was explained by Ding drumming, that is, in fourteen years, he led the Chu soldiers "openly and blatantly" and told everyone to attack Xu instead of quietly. This scene is inconsistent with the record in the genealogy that Chu quietly sent troops to sneak attack on Sizhou, the capital of Xu, and the theory of "fourteen years" can be further ruled out. In that case, only "Mu Wang entered Huai in 35 years" and "Mu Wang destroyed Yue in 37 years" were taken. What is "entry"? "Spring and Autumn Ram Biography" explains: If you get it, you will enter. This coincides with the fact that the prince loved the people, could not bear to fight against the attack of Chu soldiers, voluntarily gave up the city, and went north to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) to avoid the war. Chu Bing also abided by the agreement and was not allowed to stay in Huaisi, so the Annals of Bamboo Records said that Jing people "entered" Huaisi. At this time, Bao Zong was fifteen years old and Bao Heng was about twenty years old, and he was ready to go into battle to kill the enemy. There is no record of marriage and children in Baoheng, but there is a record of marriage and children in Sanzi Baoming. Based on this, it is speculated that Bao Heng was not married when he died, so it is more objective and credible to exclude Mu Wang 14 years and 37 years and adopt the theory of 35 years. That is to say, when Xu Yanwang was in Zhou Muwang for thirty-five years, Chu soldiers attacked, and Rebecca could not bear to fight, so he avoided the war and went to Pengcheng in the north. However, Chu Bing pursued after him, Bao Heng pursued his victory, defeated Qilin Valley, and Rebecca retreated to Chenzhou to refuse the enemy, in an attempt to make a comeback. Never thought, Mu Wang was afraid that the prince would grow stronger again, so that in thirty-seven years, the ninth division came to attack and hit Jiujiang, Jiangxi, until it crossed the border. Because the road is long, the road is not smooth, the foot soldiers are not acclimatized, and there are too many injuries, so they finally have to give up. Wang Junmin suffered a crushing defeat and retreated to Gezhou. After discussion, he decided to go upstream, through Qiantang River and Fuchun River, to Taimu (now Longyou), and secretly build a military defense project in the grottoes to defend Zhou Shi, just in line with the statement that "Rebecca took refuge in South Wuli, Gu Kuang".

At this point, the upper limit of Zhou Muwang grottoes excavation is determined to be 37 years, which is 940 BC according to the achievements of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties dating project.

Then, how to determine the lower limit time of grotto excavation? According to historical records, in the early years of the Duke of Zhou, Baozong was renamed and Zi was the fourth vassal. That is, through the joint efforts of the Guge army and civilians, Baozong successfully restored the country, and then passed on for about 400 years, and soon Baozong was further named as the Hou of Yingchuan. The day of the motherland's recovery is the time when the grottoes stop working. Because of the sudden arrival of happiness, the construction of the grottoes suddenly stopped, and then everything that could be moved in the grottoes was loaded on the boat and returned to Wyeth's hometown. After the relocation, the grottoes were empty. Because of this, future generations who don't know the truth are infinitely confused! Genealogy records: Baozong's eldest son was born in the sixth year of Wang. Based on this, can it be preliminarily judged whether Baozong restored the country from the first year of Wang to the fifth year of Wang, and the lower limit is the fifth year of Wang? In other words, the lower limit of hanging grottoes is tentatively set at 9 18 BC, and the Duke of Zhou is five years old.

It lasted 22 years from 940 BC to 9 18 BC. At this point, the dating problem of Longyou Grottoes was finally revealed.

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