What kinds of rocks are there in garden plants?

The mountains are colorful and have high aesthetic value. Guo's "Lin Gao Quan Zhi" says: "The mountain is a big thing, and its shape wants to be pulled out, suppressed, opened, bright, sitting in the basket, bold, magnificent, spiritual, serious, visual, covered, photographed and ambitious. All these provide a broad aesthetic orientation for the artistic conception creation of landscape architecture. " Buddha should be clothed with gold, and man should be clothed with clothes. "If the mountains match the right plants, they will complement each other. Therefore, "mountains are clothed with trees, and trees take mountains as their bones." Trees should not be numerous, but should see the beauty of mountains, which should not be chaotic, and should show the light of trees. "As for the quality stone, there is a formula of' thin and wrinkled, ugly and stubborn'. There are three famous peaks in the south of the Yangtze River, namely Yulinglong in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden, Ruiyunfeng in Suzhou No.10 Middle School and Crepe Yunfeng in Hangzhou Garden, all of which are abrupt, well-informed and full of twists and turns, which makes people memorable. Rockery in gardens can be divided into four categories: earth mountain, earth-rich and stone mountain, stone mountain and stone mountain; Stones can be divided into two categories: stone peaks and stone walls. Plants have corresponding configuration methods.

1. Tushan

A rockery where all the soil is piled up without stones. Such a mountain "should not only reduce manpower and material resources, but also have the beauty of natural winding." This is why people can't tell a rockery from a real one. ..... with soil in the middle, it can disappear without a trace, which is convenient for planting trees. Roots are stronger than stones, trees are big and leafy, and they are miscellaneous. "Due to poor soil accumulation, the general heaped-up mountains need a large area or are limited to a part of the mountain. Tu Shan has a deep soil layer and a large area, which is suitable for planting deciduous trees, both single species and mixed species. For example, the Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou, the old forest and ancient trees on the mountain, the vines hanging, and the bamboo forest swaying, seem to be in the green forest and wild valley.

There are many rocks and few mountains.

This kind of rockery is based on stone and then consolidated with soil; Or rock and soil alternate to form a platform. The former, like the rockery in the west of Suzhou Liuyuan, naturally overlaps and climbs up the stairs to form a maple forest. Trees are shaded in spring and summer, and maple leaves are as red as Danxia in late autumn. The latter is like the courtyard of Liujiabang House in Pinggang, with tall deciduous trees and low evergreen trees. Bamboo and flowers are planted under the forest, and the rocky shore at the foot of the mountain is properly covered. All kinds of plants compete with each other, which is dazzling.

More rocks and fewer mountains.

This kind of rockery can be a rocky mountain or cave, and the top of the mountain is covered with thin soil. For example, the rockery in the lion forest in Suzhou, in the limited rockery, caves and roads are all made of stones, curved and coiled, such as gossip array. There are dense old trees in the gap, shaded by green trees, avoiding the monotonous color of the stone.

Figure 26 More rocks, less soil and fewer mountains.

Stones can also be used for stone walls and caves. The tops and backs of mountains are covered with thick soil. For example, the rockery to the west of Yiyuan Garden is made of beautiful lake stones. Although the mountain is not high, there are all kinds of caves and valleys, covered with thick soil, and trees, bamboos and pavilions set each other off like a real mountain. You can also use stones around the mountain and at the top of the mountain, and there is no hole under it, which leads to the situation that stones are covered with soil. For example, the rockery in the north of the pool in the central part of Lingering Garden has steep banks and uneven stones. At the same time, there are hundreds of years old trees on the mountain, and rocks and trees set each other off.

4. Lion Mountain

Rockery is all made of stone, and its volume is very small. It can be used as a pavilion or a stage, or placed in the yard, next to the corridor, or built against the wall, and can also be used as a stepping stone. For example, there is a small landscape in Yangzhou Geyuan. The pavilion rises from Lingshan Stone and there are steps leading upstairs. Architecture and rocks blend together. Because there is no soil on the mountain, plants are distributed at the foot of the mountain. In order to show the steepness of the mountain, the trees should be sparse in number and low in shape. Pine, Pu Shu and Lagerstroemia indica are better tree species. For example, the rough trees beside the rockery in Huangshi in front of Yuanxiangtang in Humble Administrator's Garden and the white pine in the north of Yiyuan Pool are good examples.

Both of them are rockeries, which are matched with different plants because of different design artistic conception. For example, in Geyuan, Yangzhou, although bamboo is the main plant, in order to adapt to the artistic conception of rockery in four seasons, the plant configuration changes with the weather. In the spring scenery, flowers and trees such as osmanthus, winter jasmine, peony, begonia and so on. Spring is colorful; In summer, Magnolia grandiflora, Lagerstroemia indica, pomegranate and wisteria are competing for beauty and splendor. The autumn scenery makes red maple and green maple more beautiful against the dark green of Cooper and black pine. The winter scenery is dominated by Tianzhu Chimonanthus praecox, which, together with stones, constitutes the map of "Three Friends in Cold Years".

5. Stone wall

Li Yu's "Random Thoughts" has a simple requirement for the stone wall: "The wall has no other ingenious ideas, and it is tired, but it is rugged and looks like a cliff." And its position is generally "the front is a mountain, and the back can be a wall", which will lead to the front and back, oblique and straight, and amazing posture, but it is also "not necessarily behind the mountain, left or right, but it is appropriate to take its terrain." The plants in the stone wall should be strange and ancient, or stand on the cliff, with twisted branches or hanging vines, and combine rigidity with softness, such as Pinus taiwanensis, Polygonum cuspidatum, Holly, Sophora japonica, Luo's and Bi Li. Stone wall, powder wall. "Take the powder wall as paper, the stone as painting, the person who manages it as stone, and the ancient brushwork, planting Huangshan pine and cypress, Gumei and Meizhu, gathering round windows, like a mirror tour." For example, in Suzhou Garden, a small courtyard is built in Chinatown, and a stone wall is piled on the courtyard wall facing the shade, decorated with bamboo and vines, just like a painting. Another example is the Humble Administrator's Garden Haitang Spring Fifth Hospital. The south courtyard wall is inlaid with stones, and Haitang and Cixiao bamboo are planted in purple and green, which is elegant and beautiful.

6. Stone Peak

Stone peak is a single appreciation of stone, and its shape should be "exquisite", with transparency, thinness and leakage as beauty. The peak should be large and small, such as the stone painted by Badashan people, which is strange and vivid and "like flying". If several peaks are combined, then "the independent end is strict, the secondary end is complementary", and the primary and secondary are clear. Its plant configuration should be low flowers and trees, such as rhododendron, pineapple flower, Nandianzhu, Populus euphratica, feather maple and so on. For example, there are three peaks in Yungaifeng Courtyard: Yungaifeng, Ruiyunfeng and Xiuyunfeng. Yungaifeng is the main one, living in the garden, and the others are separated. Under the peak, there are books, grass and shrubs, which set off the tall and straight stone peak.

Sometimes a stone peak stands in the corner of the garden, and with the pruning of bamboo, a beautiful bamboo stone painting is drawn on the plain silk of the white wall and tile.