How to improve the survival rate of cutting seedlings in spring?

Early spring is the season suitable for cutting seedlings, but cutting is easy and requires some skills to improve the survival rate. In order to avoid the high mortality rate of some seedlings in the initial stage of cutting, Bian Xiao compiled some materials for everyone, analyzed the cutting mortality rate of deciduous seedlings, and put forward corresponding countermeasures, which can be referenced by friends in need.

First, the cause of death analysis

About a month after cutting deciduous seedlings? False current account? , generally around 20 days, this time is the peak of death, for the following reasons:

1. The cut set is unreasonable.

① The cuttings collection time is too early. Collect seedlings before defoliation or lignification of branches. Whether the branches are full directly affects the content of nutrients in the body.

(2) Branches collected from over-aged mother trees have weak metabolism, reduced vitality and adaptability, and low survival rate of cuttings.

(3) The specifications of seed strips can't meet the standard, and only pay attention to the length of seed strips, ignoring the thickness. The thicker the branches of the same age, the better, and they have a certain length.

2. Cutting treatment is unscientific.

(1) The collected seed cuttings were not cut as they were harvested, and the necessary preservation measures were not taken for the seed cuttings and cut cuttings, resulting in dehydration of the seed cuttings and cuttings.

(2) when cutting ears, they are not graded according to the standard size, but only according to the quantity, and the tip is reluctant to give up, resulting in uneven thickness and length of the cutting ears, uneven incision and injury of the cutting ears.

③ The storage method of cuttings is improper, the sand storage place in the open field is not selected in the shade, the storage is too shallow or too deep, the sand used is not up to the standard, and the cuttings are infected by bacteria.

④ The soft tissue activity at the root of storage cuttings is not obvious, so it can't be observed? Get fat? Signs.

3. The cutting method is wrong

The cuttings are completely inserted into the soil, and the top bud eyes are not exposed to the ground, so it is difficult for the cuttings to arch through the soil layer, which will lead to burn or rot of the bud eyes. Direct cutting after plastic film mulching leads to plastic film adhesion at the root of cuttings, which hinders respiration and nutrient absorption and affects the formation of adventitious roots.

Second, methods to improve the survival rate

1. Selection of cutting time

Generally, the cutting time of deciduous seedlings is from the middle and late March to the middle and late April, and the autumn cutting should be before the soil freezing in11~ 65438+February. Try to choose the pruning time in the morning or cloudy day. At this time, the branches are full of water and have strong physiological activity, and the wounds heal quickly and take root quickly after insertion.

2. Cutting selection requirements

Try to choose the branches of young trees or the base of big trees for cutting. These branches are rich in nutrition and strong in cell activity, which is beneficial to survival. Annual cuttings have the strongest regeneration ability, and the roots of mother trees can sprout tillers every year, with a diameter of more than 0.8 cm. Be careful not to cut off the branches that are about to bloom and just bloom, because such branches consume a lot of nutrients in the body and are not conducive to survival.

3. Treatment of cutting injury

That is, plant ash or soil with bactericide is coated on the incision to be inserted into the base of cuttings, so that a protective film can be formed on the incision to prevent the loss of moisture and nutrients and the invasion of germs from the wound.

4. Properly handle the seed belt

Should be based on. Cut with cutting? According to the principle, the thick branches are cut short and the thin branches are left long. The cutting length is about 15 cm, the thickness is separated, and it is classified into bundles. If the cuttings are stored in autumn and cut in spring, the open-air sand storage method can be used. Choose the plot with good drainage in the lee of the sun, dig a ditch with a depth of 50 ~ 70 cm, bundle branches for storage, and check the temperature and humidity every month. Storage matrix should meet the standard of pure sand.

5. Pay attention to protect the terminal bud to prevent back buckle.

The cutting depth should be 3/4 of the soil and covered with plastic film. When cutting, the plastic film should be punctured before cutting. Cuttings are vulnerable to air-drying and freezing in autumn, so they should be covered with soil and peeled when sprouting in spring.

Third, pay attention to the method of cutting according to materials.

Due to different producing areas, various seedlings have different requirements for environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, light and so on. , pay attention to the material policy, can improve the survival rate of cuttings.

1. Requirements for temperature

Generally speaking, evergreen trees are the main native trees in South China, such as camellia, rhododendron, osmanthus fragrans, Podocarpus, Taxus mairei, Gardenia, Ligustrum lucidum, Boxwood, Jasmine, Banyan, oleander, Pittosporum, Michelia and so on. They require relatively high temperature when cutting, and the suitable temperature is generally 25℃~ 30℃ during the day and 15 at night.

Tree species are native to the north, mainly deciduous trees and semi-deciduous trees, such as willow, poplar, pomegranate, crape myrtle and grape. The required temperature is low, and the suitable temperature is generally 20℃~ 25℃ during the day and 15℃~ 20℃ at night. It is more important to control the soil temperature in seedbed than the air temperature in shed, especially for hardwood deciduous trees in early spring. If the soil temperature is low and the air temperature is high, the upper leaves will grow fast, but the lower leaves have not taken root, so it is difficult to survive.

2. Humidity requirements

Tree species native to humid areas, such as willow, banyan, rhododendron, yew, camellia, gardenia, etc. A relatively high humidity is required. Therefore, these trees should pay attention to increasing water and moisturizing during the survival stage of cutting.

Tree species native to arid areas, such as Chimonanthus praecox, Lagerstroemia indica, pomegranate, heather, grape, rose, Ligustrum lucidum, etc., have relatively low humidity requirements, especially when cutting twigs such as Chimonanthus praecox, Ligustrum lucidum, Lagerstroemia indica, Prunus praecox, france holly, etc. in the growing season, neither the soil humidity nor the air humidity in the shed can be very high, otherwise the cuttings will quickly become moldy and rotten, and these tree species.

3. Lighting requirements

Positive tree species, mostly trees, but also some shrubs, such as cedar, ginkgo, osmanthus fragrans, oleander, pomegranate, crape myrtle, Ligustrum microphyllum, photinia rubra, pittosporum, rose, jasmine, grape and other photophobic plants, the shading rate of seedbed during cutting should not exceed 50%, and the seedbed can be covered with only a thin shading net.

Negative and semi-negative tree species are mostly shrubs and ground cover plants, such as camellia, rhododendron, Podocarpus, Gardenia, Taxus, Daphne, etc. When cutting, the shading rate of seedbed should reach 80%, and it should be covered with dense mesh shading net.

Fourthly, methods to promote the rooting of seedlings.

1. Soak in clean water

If you soak it in warm water at 30℃, the effect will be better. This has obvious effects on cedar, five-needle pine, walnut and persimmon. Because this tree contains tannin, a biochemical substance that inhibits rooting, it can be discharged by soaking it in clear water and changing water many times. Furthermore, soaking in water can enhance the activity of cells, especially warm water can enhance the activity of enzymes in branches and promote rooting.

Soaking method: tie the cut cuttings into dozens of bundles with rope and soak them vertically in clear water for 8 to 12 hours.

supplement nutrition

After the cuttings are cut from the mother, there will often be insufficient nutrition in the body, which will affect their rooting and germination. By soaking in 5% to 8% white sugar solution for several hours, the tolerance of various plants to white sugar solution is different. Once the leaves are found to be discolored and scorched, they should be taken out immediately and washed with clear water. After the cuttings absorb sugar, they can supplement nutrition.

3. Soak the cuttings with plant growth regulators.

Plant growth regulators can break dormancy and enhance cell activity, and the effect is also very significant, especially for plants that are difficult to take root. Because of the different sensitivities of various plants, the demand and tolerance for plant growth regulators (hormones) are also different. Too high a concentration will inhibit rooting. Therefore, when using plant growth regulators, it is necessary to strictly control the concentration and soaking time of the solution and operate according to the packaging instructions of the purchased drugs.