Reading and Appreciation of Li Bai's Ancient Style (34)

Feathers are like meteors, and the tiger meets the city.

When you call for help, you are in a hurry. Birds sing at night.

The sky is dark, and the three blessings are weighed.

Heaven and earth are integrated, and the four seas are clear.

May I ask what this is? A: Chu joined the army.

Dulu and May will go to Yunnan to levy.

It is not soldiers who are afraid of death, but inflammation that makes it difficult to travel far.

Don't kiss the trombone strictly, the sun and the moon are miserable.

Tears come with blood, and the heart destroys people.

A trapped animal is a tiger, and a poor bait runs to a whale.

Qian Qian has been there for thousands of times. You put yourself into your body and you were born!

How to dance together and be a Miao Ping?

This poem is written about 75 1. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was arrogant and extravagant, and held the power of political affairs. Yang, a traitor, once ordered Jiannan to refresh our army in the middle of China, attacked Nanzhao (now Yunnan) with 80,000 people, and fought with Nanzhao King and luo feng on the banks of the Er River. As a result, Tang Bing was defeated, with 89 casualties. According to Zi Jian, after Zhong Tong's defeat, Yang was not willing to stop there, and went to dispatch troops, so he went to various places to collect troops, and even sent the empire to various States and counties to allocate troops and escort them to the army to solve the urgent need of Nanzhao. This is the actual situation described in the poem.

The first four sentences of the poem directly express local wars, rendering the whole country shrouded in tension and panic, and people are in fear. "Feather stick" refers to the recruitment document with feathers inserted, indicating urgency; The "tiger symbol" is the evidence that the court dispatched troops. It is carved into the shape of a tiger with a bronze carving and divided into two halves. When the soldiers are transferred, these two should be checked. It is said that the "feather state" flies as fast as a meteor in the night sky, which shows that it is urgent; It is said that the "tiger charm" is a combination of each state and county. What is more obvious is that there are many and frequent conscription, and the frontier is in a hurry and the situation is tense. Followed by the "noisy" sentence, followed by the first two poetic sentences, write the form of urging. Who is shouting? There is no explanation in the poem, but it is not difficult to understand that there are not only the voices of the people, but also the orders of the officers, and there is chaos, so that even the birds in the forest are singing in the middle of the night. It is conceivable that people are nervous and restless. Although these poems do not describe the fighting scenes in which swords and shadows kill each other, nor do they specifically describe the scenes in which officials casually arrest people, they tell the whole story of people's inner panic and unbearable psychological burden in a tense and flustered situation, which is powerful and exciting.

Then, just like the transition between video and camera, the next four poems of Daylight show a peaceful picture. "Sunlight" symbolizes the emperor, and "Wei Zi" is a metaphor for the court; "Three Publics" refers to Qiu, Situ,, who have the highest official positions among courtiers, and are collectively called "Three Publics". They hold the destiny of the country, and it stands to reason that the world should be governed in a clear and peaceful way. To borrow Laozi's words, it is "the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the ground is flat", that is, the world is unified and the four sides are stable. Here, in the scene of praising peace in the past, secretly condemning those in power, satirizing the initiator and planner of Nanzhao, poets and the broad masses of the people's thoughts against unjust wars naturally penetrate into it, which is profound and intriguing.

"May I ask why? Answer Chu's conscription. " These two sentences are concrete explanations of the above poem, which means: the country was stable before. Why are you so scared and confused now? This is entirely due to the invasion of the south and large-scale conscription. In ancient times, "Chu" generally referred to the south, and "Chu conscription" was to conquer the southern army. The application of question-and-answer form here is not only flexible in sentence structure, but also plays a role in linking and knotting in the framework of context, which can be described as ingenuity. "May in Luzhou" refers to Jinsha River, which was called "Lushui" in ancient times. According to legend, there is a lot of miasma along the river, especially in March and April, and it is slightly better after May. Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch" has a sentence of "crossing Luzhou in May and going to the deep barren land". The Journey to Yunnan is not only the poet's narrative, but also the soldier's feelings. When they heard that they were going to cross the Lushui River and fight in distant Yunnan, their hearts were tight, and they all felt that there was no return, and there was little hope of survival. Writing here, the poet was extremely angry with the ruler's belligerence and disregard for people's lives, and was full of grievances, so he argued: "Fear of death is not a warrior, and it is difficult for the inflammatory side to travel far", which means that all captured people can hardly go to the battlefield without fighting, let alone go to Yunnan, a border place. The crime of driving people to death during Li Tang's period was exposed.

Four sentences, from "trombone" to "destroying the heart", specifically describe the tragic scene when the soldiers were forced to leave their homes. "Trombone", tears streaming down her face; "Strict pro", called father "strict father" in ancient times, here refers to parents; "Crystal of Sadness" describes the bleak sun and moon and has lost its luster. People arrested for exile bid farewell to their parents and relatives before leaving. This is the separation of life and the farewell of death. They hugged each other and wept until their tears ran out, and their hearts were broken and they were silent. The use of trombone is sad, sobbing, and full of emotion, which has a strong effect on hearing and vision, leaving a deep impression on readers and showing the tragic story of where you will go.

The word "trapped beast" is another discussion. It means "afraid of death" and has no fighting capacity. It regards "tiger" and "running whale" as fierce and powerful enemies. Under such a disparity between the enemy and ourselves, the war to expand the border is doomed to failure, and many soldiers can only sacrifice in vain. "If you don't go back a thousand times, are you still alive?" They were buried in the battlefield and became victims of the unjust war of the rulers. These words criticize and accuse the crimes of those in power through concrete metaphor and appropriate exaggeration, and also reflect the poet's deep sympathy for the broad masses of the people and shine with the brilliance of humanitarian thought.

The last two sentences of the poem have a deeper development in content, which further reveals the main idea of the poem and expresses personal beautiful ideals and wishes. "How to dance dry gas can make Miao Ping", "Dry" is a shield, and "Qi" is a big axe. These two weapons are used to confuse music, which means to do a good job in politics and not conquer. "Youmiao" is the name of an ancient tribe. It is said that there was a Miao rebellion in Shun. Dayu suggested conquering them by force, but Shun disagreed, so Xiu De went into politics. Three years later, a shield and axe dance exercise was held, and if there were seedlings, they would surrender. By quoting this allusion, the poet insinuated that "the minister of the country cannot be far away from morality" (a supplement to the classification of Li Taibai's Collection), and used force at every turn, which more clearly expressed his good wish to cultivate literature and realize Qingming politics. Obviously, the meaning here is exactly the same as the content of the last four sentences in "Day" and echoes each other. This ingenious arrangement in structure, interlocking and seamless, can also show the uniqueness of the poet's artistic conception.

Li Bai's poems are famous for their romanticism. Although this poem also embodies these characteristics in the application of legend, exaggeration and imagination, it is basically realistic. Narrating the truth, writing the real scene, expressing the truth, using the methods of comparison and question and answer, skillfully combining description, discussion and lyricism, and reaching a superb realm, which can be said to be the embodiment of his poetic realism spirit.